ETSI TR 103 495 V1.1.1 (2017-02)

Network Technologies (NTECH); Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI); Autonomicity and Self-Management in Wireless Ad-hoc/Mesh Networks: Autonomicity-enabled Ad-hoc and Mesh Network Architectures

DTR/NTECH-AFI-0018-GANA-Mesh

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Feb-2017
• Technical Committee: NTECH AFI - Evolution of Management towards Autonomic Future Internet
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Completion Date: 24-Feb-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 495 V1.1.1 (2017-02)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Network Technologies (NTECH);
Automatic network engineering
for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI);
Autonomicity and Self-Management
in Wireless Ad-hoc/Mesh Networks:
Autonomicity-enabled Ad-hoc and
Mesh Network Architectures

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2 ETSI TR 103 495 V1.1.1 (2017-02)




Reference
DTR/NTECH-AFI-0018-GANA-MESH
Keywords
architecture, autonomic networking,
self-management, wireless ad-hoc network,
wireless mesh network

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3 ETSI TR 103 495 V1.1.1 (2017-02)


Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 GANA Reference Model . 9
4.1 Background . 9
4.2 A possible approach for the implementation of this GANA instantiation . 12
4.2.1 Overview . 12
4.2.2 Case 1 - Knowledge Plane Level Autonomicity (Control-Loops) . 12
4.2.3 Case 2 - Node Level Autonomicity (Control Loops) . 13
4.2.4 Case 3 - Function Level Autonomicity (Control Loops) . 13
4.2.5 Case 4 - Protocol Level Autonomicity (Control Loops) . 14
4.3 Stability and Coordination of Autonomic Functions . 14
4.4 Governance - Profiles and Policies . 16
5 Autonomicity enabled Ad-hoc and Mesh Network Architectures . 17
5.1 Background . 17
5.2 Instantiation of GANA Functional Blocks . 19
5.3 Parameter and Functionality Mapping . 22
5.4 Instantiation of the Knowledge Plane . 23
5.5 Instantiation of Reference Points . 25
5.6 Scenarios and Implications on Governance and Behaviours . 26
History . 27

ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 495 V1.1.1 (2017-02)

Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server)
which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Network Technologies (NTECH).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The distributed nature of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) allows them to benefit from multiple autonomic
functionalities. However, the existing landscape of self-x solutions (e.g. self-configuration) is fragmented and the lack
of a standardized framework through which interoperable autonomics can be developed has been hampering adoption
and deployment of autonomics in real world service networks. There is a need for a standardized architectural
framework that enables to comprehensively support and integrate interoperable components for autonomicity in
WMNs. Such an architecture (autonomicity-enabled wireless mesh architecture) is the subject of the present document.
The proposed autonomic wireless mesh architecture is an instantiation of the GANA (Generic Autonomic Network
Architecture) Reference Model - a standards based approach to autonomics, onto the wireless mesh network
architecture. The provided guidelines can now help researchers and engineers build autonomicity-enabled WMNs using
a standardized framework that enables adoption and deployment of autonomics by industry, thereby enabling
researchers and engineers to contribute to further evolution of the framework described in the present document in
ETSI. It has to be noted that the same approach being applied to introducing autonomics in mesh networks in the
present document also applies to Ad-hoc wireless networks, and so the present document covers both aspects - hence
the document title "Autonomicity and Self-Management in Wireless Ad-hoc/Mesh Networks: Autonomicity-enabled
Ad-hoc and Mesh Network Architecture".
The GANA model is being instantiated onto various reference network architectures to create autonomics-enabled
reference network architectures. For example, ETSI recently published ETSI TR 103 404 [i.17], which addresses
Autonomicity and Self-Management in the Backhaul and Core network parts of the 3GPP Architecture through GANA
instantiation onto the Backhaul and Core (EPC) network parts of the 3GPP architecture. Readers may also find ETSI
TR 103 404 [i.17] helpful in further understanding how GANA is being applied in various networks. Readers may also
follow up on ongoing work in ETSI on instantiation of the GANA onto the Broadband Forum (BBF) architectures that
incorporate SDN (Software-Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Functions Virtualization). To obtain some
guidance and information on the various types of stakeholders who should get involved and contribute to standards on
self-managing future networks, readers may refer to [i.6] and [i.15].
ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 495 V1.1.1 (2017-02)

1 Scope
The present document aims to provide recommendations for the introduction of autonomics (management and control
intelligence) into Ad-hoc and Mesh Network architectures and their associated management and control architectures.
The present document describes:
• Autonomicity-enabled Ad-hoc and Mesh Network Architecture that is a result of the instantiation of the
GANA (Generic Autonomic Networking Architecture) Reference Model on the Ad-hoc and Mesh Network
architecture to enable developers of autonomics to introduce autonomics in the architecture
• Relevant autonomicity-enabled functions and operations
• Relevant GANA Decision Elements (DEs) and Reference Points between those DEs
The present document describes the specific desirable features for autonomic management and control of Ad-hoc and
mesh network functions through the introduction of Decision Elements (DEs) and their associated control loops at the
Network, Node and Function level of the GANA reference model. The Protocol level needed to be additionally
addressed due to the need for accommodating the specifics of Ad-hoc and mesh set-ups.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] M. Wódczak, T. Ben Meriem, R. Chaparadza, K. Quinn, B. Lee, L. Ciavaglia, K. Tsagkaris,
S. Szott, A. Zafeiropoulos, B. Radier, J. Kielthy, A. Liakopoulos, A. Kousaridas, M. Duault,
Standardising a Reference Model and Autonomic Network Architectures for the Self-managing
Future Internet, IEEE Network, vol. 25, no. 6, 2011.
[i.2] R. Chaparadza, S. Papavassiliou, T. Kastrinogiannis, M. Vigoureux , E. Dotaro, A. Davy,
K. Quinn, M. Wodczak, A. Toth, A. Liakopoulos, M. Wilson: Creating a viable Evolution Path
towards Self-Managing Future Internet via a Standardizable Reference Model for Autonomic
Network Engineering. Published in the book by the Future Internet Assembly (FIA) in Europe:
Towards the future internet - A European research perspective. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2009,
pp. 136-147.
[i.3] Andreas Klenk, Michael Kleis, Benoit Radier, Sanaa Elmoumouhi, Georg Carle, and Michael
Salaun. "Towards autonomic service control in next generation networks". In Proceedings of The
Fourth International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems, ICAS 2008,
pages 198-204, Gosier, Guadeloupe, March 2008. IEEE.
[i.4] Antje Barth, Michael Kleis, Andreas Klenk, Benoit Radier, Sanaa Elmoumouhi, Mikael Salaun,
and Georg Carle. Context dissemination in peer-to-peer networks. In Chapter in Book:
"Developing Advanced Web Services through P2P Computing and Autonomous Agents: Trends
and Innovation". Khaled Ragab, Aboul-Ella Hassanien, Tarek Helmy (Eds.). IGI-Global,
December 2009.
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[i.5] Ranganai Chaparadza et al. "ETSI Industry Specification Group on Autonomic network
engineering for self-managing Future Internet (ETSI ISG AFI)" Abstract Web Information
Systems Engineering Volume Editor 2009 WISE 2009.
[i.6] Ranganai Chaparadza, Tony Jokikyyny, Latif Ladid, Jianguo Ding, Arun Prakash, Said Soulhi:
The diverse stakeholder roles to involve in Standardization of Emerging and Future Self-Managing
Networks: In proceedings of the 3rd IEEE MENS Workshop at IEEE Globecom 2011: 6-10
December 2011, Houston, Texas, USA.
[i.7] ETSI GS AFI 001 (2011-06): "Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future
Internet (AFI); Scenarios, Use Cases and Requirements for Autonomic/Self-Managing Future
Internet".
[i.8] IEEE 802.11™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.9] Belqasmi, F.; Glitho, R.; Dssouli, R.; "Ambient network composition," Network, IEEE , vol.22,
no.4, pp.6-12, July-Aug. 2008.
[i.10] Thomas Edwall, "The Vision of Future Internet according to SAIL", Future Network & Mobile
Summit, Warsaw, Poland, June 2011.
[i.11] Christian Tschudin, Christophe Jelger, An "Autonomic Network Architecture" Research Project,
Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation. Vol. 30, pp. 26-31, 2007.
[i.12] M. Wódczak, "Autonomic Cooperation in Ad-Hoc Environments", 5th International Workshop on
Localised Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (LOCALGOS) in conjunction
with IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS),
Barcelona, Spain, 27-29 June 2011.
[i.13] M. Wódczak, "Autonomic Cooperative Networking for Wireless Green sensor Systems",
International Journal of Sensor Networks (IJSNet), Volume 10, Issue 1/2 - 2011.
[i.14] M. Wódczak, "Autonomic Cooperative Networking," Springer-Verlang New York, 2012.
[i.15] Ranganai Chaparadza, Tony Jokikyyny, Latif Ladid, Jianguo Ding, Arun Prakash, Said Soulhi:
The diverse stakeholder roles to involve in Standardization of Emerging and Future Self-Managing
Networks: In proceedings of the 3rd IEEE MENS Workshop at IEEE Globecom 2011: 6-10
December 2011, Houston, Texas, USA.
[i.16] ETSI White Paper no. 16: "The Generic Autonomic Networking Architecture Reference Model for
Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management of Networks and Services".
NOTE: Available at http://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp16_gana_Ed1_20161011.pdf.
[i.17] ETSI TR 103 404 (V1.1.1): "Network Technologies (NTECH); Autonomic network engineering
for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI); Autonomicity and Self-Management in the Backhaul
and Core network parts of the 3GPP Architecture".
[i.18] ETSI TS 103 194: "Network Technologies (NTECH); Autonomic network engineering for the
self-managing Future Internet (AFI); Scenarios, Use Cases and Requirements for
Autonomic/Self-Managing Future Internet".
[i.19] ETSI GS AFI 002 (V1.1.1): "Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future
Internet (AFI); Generic Autonomic Network Architecture (An Architectural Reference Model for
Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management)".
NOTE An Architectural Reference Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and
Self-Management.
[i.20] IEEE 802.21™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metroploitan area networks - Media Independent
Handover Services".
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Autonomic Behaviour (AB): process which understands how desired Managed Entity (ME) behaviours are learned,
influenced or changed, and how, in turn, these affect other elements, groups and networks [i.18]
NOTE: In the GANA model, an autonomic behaviour is any behaviour of a DE that is observable on its
interfaces. A GANA DE is also called an Autonomic function (AF).
autonomic networking: networking paradigm that enables network devices or elements (physical or virtual) and the
overall network architecture and its management and control architecture to exhibit the so-called self-managing
properties, namely:
• auto-discovery of information and entities
• Self-configuration (auto-configuration), Self-diagnosing, Self-repair (Self-healing)
• Self-optimization, and other self-* properties
NOTE 1: Autonomic Networking can also be interpreted as a discipline involving the design of systems
(e.g. network nodes) that are self-managing at the individual system levels and together as a larger system
that forms a communication network of systems.
NOTE 2: The term "autonomic" comes from the autonomic nervous system (a closed control loop structure), which
controls many organs and muscles in the human body. Usually, humans are unaware of its workings
because it functions in an involuntary, reflexive manner - for example, humans do not notice when their
heart beats faster or their blood vessels change size in response to temperature, posture, food intake,
stressful experiences and other changes to which human are exposed. And their autonomic nervous
system is always working [i.18].
Decision Making Element (DME): functional entity designed and assigned to autonomically manage and control its
assigned Managed Entities (MEs) by dynamically (re)-configuring the MEs and their configurable and controllable
parameters in a closed-control loop fashion
NOTE 1: Decision Making Elements (DMEs) [i.19] referred in short as Decision Elements (DEs) fulfil the role of
Autonomic Manager Elements.
NOTE 2: In GANA a DE is assigned (by design) to very specific MEs that it is designed to autonomically manage
and control (ETSI GS AFI 002 [i.19] provides more details on the notion of ownership of MEs by
specific DEs required in a network element architecture and the overall network architecture).
Managed Entities (MEs): physical or logical resource that can be managed by an Autonomic Manager Element (i.e. a
Decision Element) in terms of its orchestration, configuration and re-configuration through parameter settings [i.18]
NOTE: MEs and their associated configurable parameters are assigned to be managed and controlled by a
concrete DE such that an ME parameter is mapped to one DE. MEs can be protocols, whole protocol
stacks, and mechanisms, meaning that they can be fundamental functional and manageable entities at the
bottom of the management hierarchy (at the fundamental resources layer in a network element or node)
such as individual protocols or stacks, OSI layer 7 or TCP/IP application layer applications and other
types of resources or managed mechanisms hosted in a network element (NE) or in the network in
general, whereby an ME exposes a management interface through which it can be managed. MEs can also
be composite MEs such as whole NEs themselves (i.e. MEs that embed sub-MEs).
overlay: logical network that runs on top of another network
EXAMPLE: Peer-to-peer networks are overlay networks on the Internet. They use their own addressing system
for determining how files are distributed and accessed, which provides a layer on top of the
Internet's IP addressing.
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self-advertising: capability of a component or system to advertise its self-model, capability description model, or some
information signalling message (such as an IPv6 router advertisement message) to the network in order to enable other
entities to discover it and be able to communicate with it, or to enable other entities to know whatever is being
advertised
self-awareness: capability of a component or system to "know itself" and be aware of its state and its behaviours
NOTE: Knowledge about "self" is described by a "self-model".
self-configuration: capability of a component or system to configure and reconfigure itself under varying and
unpredictable conditions
self-healing: capability of a component or system to detect and recover from problems (manifestations of faults, errors,
failures, and other forms of degradation) and continue to function smoothly
self-monitoring: capability of a component or system to observe its internal state, for example by monitoring
quality-of-service metrics such as reliability, precision, rapidity, or throughput
self-optimization: capability of a component or system to detect suboptimal behaviours and optimize itself to improve
its execution
self-organizing function: function that includes processes which require minimum manual intervention
self-regulation: capability of a component or system to regulate its internal parameters so as to assure a
quality-of-service metric such as reliability, precision, rapidity, or throughput
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
AF Autonomic Function
AFI Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future Internet
AMC Autonomic Management and Control
AN Access Network
BBF BroadBand Forum
CA Collision Avoidance
CM DE Cooperation Management Decision Element
CM Cooperation Management
CM-DE Cooperation Management Decision Element
CO DE Cooperation Orchestration Decision Element
CO Cooperation Orchestration
COTS Commercial-Off-The-Shelf
CR DE Cooperative Relaying Decision Element
CR Cooperative Relaying
CR-DE Cooperative Relaying Management-Decision Element
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
DE Decision-making-Element
DP&F Data Plane and forwarding
DSTBC Distributed Spatio-Temporal Block Coding
E2E end-to-end
EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
EMS Element Management System
EPC Evolved Packet Core
FB Functional Block
FM DE Fault Management DE
FM Fault Management Decision Element
GANA Generic Autonomic Network Architecture
GCP Generic control Plane management
GS Group Specifications
GUI Graphical User Interface
GW GateWay
HRP Horizontal reference point
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HWMP Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol
KP Knowledge plan
MAN Mesh Access Node
MANET Mesh Ad-hoc Network
MBTS Model Based Translation Service
MCCA MCF (Mesh Coordination Function) Controlled Channel Access
MCF Mesh Coordination Function
ME Managed Entity
MGW Mesh Gateway
MN Mesh Node
MPR Multi-Point Relay
MRN Mesh Relay Node
NFC Near Field Communications
NMS Network Management System
OLSR Optimised Link State Routing
ONIX Overlay Network Information Exchange
PDP Policy Decision Point
PREQ Path Request
QoS Quality of Service
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
Rfps Reference Points
RM DE Routing Management DE
RR-DE Re-Routing Decision Element
RS DE Resilience and Survivability DE
RS Resilience and Survivability
RTS/CTS Request to Send/Clear to Send
SDN Software Defined Networking
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SO Self-Optimization
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
VCS Virtual Cooperative Sets
VRP Vertical Reference point
WAN Wide Area Network
WMN Wireless Mesh Network
4 GANA Reference Model
4.1 Background
The GANA Reference Model defines Functional Blocks (FBs) and the associated Reference Points (Rfps). These
elements are specific to enabling autonomics, cognition, and self-management in target architecture, when instantiated
onto implementation-orientated reference architecture such as the architectures defined by standardization organizations
(3GPP, BBF, ITU-T, and IEEE).
Figure 1 presents a general overview of the GANA reference model while its details, related concepts and its evolution
are described in [i.18], [i.1], [i.2]. Note that in reference to Figure 1, HRP means Horizontal Reference Point, while
VRP means Vertical Reference Point.
The ETSI White Paper No.16 [i.16] is a good source for a brief description of the GANA, including how it integrates
with emerging networking paradigms of SDN (Software Defined Networking), Network Functions Virtualization
(NFV), E2E (End-to-End) Service Orchestration and Big-Data analytics for driving management and control of
networks and services.
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Figure 1: GANA reference model
Self-manageability in GANA is achieved through instrumenting the devices with autonomic Decision-making-Elements
(DEs), which automate network operations by implementing control loops (Figure 2). Such control loops operate using
the knowledge regarding events and the state of network resources. They regulate the resources or functions of the
network according to its goals.
GANA defines the DE as a concept that is associated with (one or more) concrete resources managed by the DE, and
implements and drives its control loop based on a continuous learning cycle. At the same time, the DEs are
continuously exposed with a local view of their managed resources, together with other cognition functions which
retrieve knowledge from other required or potential information suppliers of DEs, such as the environment in which the
device hosting the DE is operating.
These functions are used by the autonomic element to change the behaviour of the managed resources in order to
achieve and maintain the goals known by the autonomic element. GANA also adopts the concept of a Managed Entity
(ME) to denote a managed resource or an automated task in general, instead of a Managed Element, in order to be more
generic and to avoid the confusion arising when one begins to think of an element as only meaning a physical network
element.
As outlined in Figure 1, GANA defines four basic levels of abstractions at which autonomicity can be introduced,
namely:
• Protocol-Level (GANA Level-1);
• Function-Level (GANA Level-2);
• Node-Level (GANA Level-3);
• Network-Level (GANA Level-4).
Since the Protocol-Level involves embedding an intrinsic control loop within an individual protocol, it may not be
necessary to introduce such "intelligence" into individual protocols, but rather to focus on introducing autonomicity
(control loops) at higher levels of abstraction, starting from the level directly above (i.e. the Function-Level that defines
"functions" which abstract individual protocols and mechanisms), up to the Network-Level. This makes the three levels
(Level-2 to 4) the most important ones. Therefore, according to the Reference Model (Figure 1), the three levels of
hierarchical control loops that are realized by corresponding Decision-making-Elements (DEs) work collaboratively,
from within a Network-Element up to the Network-Level (Knowledge Plane), demonstrate how autonomics, cognition,
and self-management can be gracefully (i.e. non-disruptively) in
...