ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
REN/ERM-TGUWB-006-1
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) - Tehnične karakteristike za opremo SRD, ki uporablja ultra širokopasovno (UWB) tehnologijo - Aplikacije opreme za analizo in klasifikacijo vgrajenih materialov, ki deluje v frekvenčnem pasu od 2,2 GHz do 8 GHz - 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode
Pričujoči dokument določa zahteve za aplikacije za analizo in klasifikacijo vgrajenih materialov z uporabo tehnologije UWB, ki deluje v celotnem ali delu frekvenčnega pasu od 2,2 GHz do 8,5 GHz. Dodatno določa zmanjšane emisije v pasovih od 0,96 GHz do 2,2 GHz in 8,5 GHz do 10,6 GHz. Pričujoči dokument velja za:
a) opremo za analizo in klasifikacijo vgrajenih materialov za UWB za aplikacije slikanja in detekcijo objektov;
b) opremo, opremljeno z vgrajeno anteno;
c) ročne naprave.
Pričujoči dokument ne velja za:
komunikacijske naprave za UWB,
georadarske naprave in
naprave za radarsko slikanje skozi steno, kot je opredeljeno v Priporočilu ITU-R SM.1754 [i.1].
Pričujoči dokument določa opremo, ki je narejena tako, da ne seva v odprti prostor. Deluje le, kadar je nameščena tako, da seva neposredno v absorptivni material, kot so stene in drugi vgrajeni materiali, ki absorbirajo emisije. Pričujoči dokument ne vključuje nujno vseh značilnosti, ki bi jih uporabnik potreboval, niti nujno ne predstavlja največje dosegljive zmogljivosti.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices (SRD) - Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology (UWB) - Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.20Sprejemna in oddajna opremaReceiving and transmitting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 435-1 Version 1.3.1SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010en01-februar-2010SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Technical characteristics for SRD equipment usingUltra WideBand technology (UWB);Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applicationsoperating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz;Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 2
Reference REN/ERM-TGUWB-006-1 Keywords radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 5 Foreword . 5 1 Scope . 7 2 References . 7 2.1 Normative references . 7 2.2 Informative references . 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8 3.1 Definitions . 8 3.2 Symbols . 9 3.3 Abbreviations . 10 4 Technical requirement specifications . 10 4.1 General requirements . 10 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 10 4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 11 4.2.2 Auxiliary test equipment . 11 4.2.3 Declarations by the provider . 11 4.2.4 Marking and equipment identification . 11 4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 11 4.3.1 General . 11 4.3.2 Controls . 11 4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 11 4.4 Other device emissions . 12 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 12 5.1 Test conditions . 12 5.2 Test power source . 12 5.2.1 External test power source . 12 5.2.2 Internal test power source . 12 5.3 Normal test conditions . 13 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13 5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13 5.3.2.1 Internal battery power source . 13 5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 13 5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 13 6 General conditions . 13 6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements . 13 6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 14 6.3 Measuring receiver . 14 7 Interpretation of results . 14 7.1 Measurement uncertainty . 14 7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 15 7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than the maximum acceptable uncertainty . 15 7.2 Other Emissions from device circuitry . 16 8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16 8.1 General . 16 8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16 8.2.1 Definition . 16 8.2.2 Method of measurement . 17 8.2.3 Frequency range . 18 8.3 Emissions . 18 8.3.1 Undesired UWB emissions from the transmitter . 18 8.3.1.1 Definitions . 18 SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 4 8.3.1.2 Method of measurement . 18 8.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement of the Total Emissions (TE) . 20 8.3.1.2.2 Method of measurement of the Other Emissions (OE) . 22 8.3.1.2.3 Method of calculation of the maximum mean undesired UWB emission of the equipment (UE) . 24 8.3.1.3 Limits . 24 8.3.2 Other Emissions (OE) . 24 8.3.2.1 Definition . 24 8.3.2.2 Method of measurement . 24 8.3.2.3 Limits . 25 8.3.3 Total Power spectral density (UE-TP) . 25 8.3.3.1 Definitions . 25 8.3.3.2 Method of measurement . 26 8.3.3.3 Limits . 26 8.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) . 26 8.4.1 Definitions . 26 8.4.2 Declaration . 26 8.4.3 Limits . 26 8.5 Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 27 8.5.1 Definition . 27 8.5.2 Function of LBT . 27 8.5.3 Method of measurement . 29 8.5.3.1 Measurement procedure . 29 8.5.3.2 Test set-up . 29 8.5.4 Limits . 31 8.5.5 Test signal definition for LBT-mechanism . 32 8.5.6 Design requirements . 33 9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 33 9.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 33 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 34 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 34 A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 34 A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 35 A.1.3 Test antenna . 36 A.1.4 Measuring antenna . 36 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 37 A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 37 A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT . 37 A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT. 37 A.2.4 Range length . 37 A.2.5 Site preparation . 38 A 2.6 General requirements for RF cables . 38 Annex B (normative): Design requirements . 39 Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications . 40 Annex D (normative): Definition of the representative wall and procedure for measurement of the undesired emissions . 41 D.1 Representative wall definition for measuring the undesired emissions and LBT function . 41 D.2 Procedure for measurement the wall attenuation . 41 D.3 Typical representative wall measurement result . 43 Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 44 History . 45
SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with amended ECC Decision ECC/DEC(07)01 on specific Material Sensing devices using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology (amended 26 June 2009) [7] and Commission Decision of 21 April 2009 [6] amending Decision 2007/131/EC [5] on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community (notified under document number C(2009) 2787) (2009/343/EC) [6]. For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Ultra WideBand (UWB) Building Material Analysis (BMA) and classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the definitions and abbreviations used. Clauses 4 and 5 provide the technical requirements for the conduction of the tests and information for equipment to be presented. Clauses 6 and 7 give guidance on the general conditions for testing of the device and the interpretation of results and maximum measurement uncertainty values. Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters. The clause provides details on how the equipment should be tested and the conditions which should be applied. Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements. Annex B (normative) provides specifications concerning the design requirements. Annex C (informative) gives information for the measurement antenna and the preamplifier specifications. Annex D (normative) provides a representative wall definition for emission measurements and the LBT function. Annex E (informative) Bibliography covers other supplementary information.
SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 6 National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 7 December 2009 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 March 2010 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 September 2010 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 September 2010
SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 7 1 Scope The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis (BMA) and classification applications using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz. Additionally, it specifies reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB Building Material Analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications; b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna; c) handheld devices. The present document does not apply to: • UWB communication devices; and • Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• Through-wall radar imaging devices; as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [i.1]. The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building materials which absorb emissions. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 8 [2] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [3] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". [4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): " American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility; Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control; Calibration of Antennas (9 kHz to 40 GHz)". [5] Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community (notified under document number C(2007) 522) (Text with EEA relevance). [6] Commission Decision 2009/343/EC of 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community (notified under document number C(2009) 2787) (Text with EEA relevance). [7] ECC/DEC/(07)01: "ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on specific Material Sensing devices using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology (amended 26 June 2009)". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions". [i.2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538: "Technical and operating parameters and spectrum requirements for short range radiocommunication devices". [i.3] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum". [i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.5] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment; Radio disturbance characteristics; Limits and methods of measurement". [i.6] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive). [i.7] "Antenna Pattern Measurement, Theory and Equations", Michael D. Foegelle, ETS Lindgreen, Compliance Engineering, Annual Reference Guide 2002.ECC/DEC/(07)01 Decision of 30 March 2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA) devices using UWB technology. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given time window SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12) 9 clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogeneities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building material structures integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism to avoid signal transmission in the presence of other radio service signals Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to cover all PRI variations radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets Short Range Device (SRD): equipment defined to operate on a non-interference, no protection from interference basis NOTE: This is also defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538 [i.2]. Total Power (TP): integration of the undesired emissions in the whole area around the Building Material Analysis (BMA) scenario NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP)). This value is comparable to an equivalent isotropic radiator. undesired emissions: any emissions into free space during operation of the equipment when equipment is faced to a wall or other absorptive material to be investigated NOTE: Undesired emissions are:
leaked emissions from the side or backside of the antenna; and/or
scattered/reflected emissions from the building material to be investigated; and/or
residual emissions through the building material. 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Ω re
...
ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB);
Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications
operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGUWB-006-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirement specifications . 10
4.1 General requirements . 10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 10
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 11
4.2.2 Auxiliary test equipment . 11
4.2.3 Declarations by the provider . 11
4.2.4 Marking and equipment identification . 11
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 11
4.3.1 General . 11
4.3.2 Controls . 11
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 11
4.4 Other device emissions . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 12
5.1 Test conditions . 12
5.2 Test power source . 12
5.2.1 External test power source . 12
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 12
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Internal battery power source . 13
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 13
5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 13
6 General conditions . 13
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements . 13
6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 14
6.3 Measuring receiver . 14
7 Interpretation of results . 14
7.1 Measurement uncertainty . 14
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 15
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than the maximum acceptable uncertainty . 15
7.2 Other Emissions from device circuitry . 16
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16
8.1 General . 16
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16
8.2.1 Definition . 16
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 17
8.2.3 Frequency range . 18
8.3 Emissions . 18
8.3.1 Undesired UWB emissions from the transmitter . 18
8.3.1.1 Definitions . 18
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
8.3.1.2 Method of measurement . 18
8.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement of the Total Emissions (TE) . 20
8.3.1.2.2 Method of measurement of the Other Emissions (OE) . 22
8.3.1.2.3 Method of calculation of the maximum mean undesired UWB emission of the equipment
(UE) . 24
8.3.1.3 Limits . 24
8.3.2 Other Emissions (OE) . 24
8.3.2.1 Definition . 24
8.3.2.2 Method of measurement . 24
8.3.2.3 Limits . 25
8.3.3 Total Power spectral density (UE-TP) . 25
8.3.3.1 Definitions . 25
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement . 26
8.3.3.3 Limits . 26
8.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) . 26
8.4.1 Definitions . 26
8.4.2 Declaration . 26
8.4.3 Limits . 26
8.5 Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 27
8.5.1 Definition . 27
8.5.2 Function of LBT . 27
8.5.3 Method of measurement . 29
8.5.3.1 Measurement procedure . 29
8.5.3.2 Test set-up . 29
8.5.4 Limits . 31
8.5.5 Test signal definition for LBT-mechanism . 32
8.5.6 Design requirements . 33
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 33
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 33
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 34
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 34
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 34
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 35
A.1.3 Test antenna . 36
A.1.4 Measuring antenna . 36
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 37
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 37
A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT . 37
A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT. 37
A.2.4 Range length . 37
A.2.5 Site preparation . 38
A 2.6 General requirements for RF cables . 38
Annex B (normative): Design requirements . 39
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications . 40
Annex D (normative): Definition of the representative wall and procedure for measurement
of the undesired emissions . 41
D.1 Representative wall definition for measuring the undesired emissions and LBT function . 41
D.2 Procedure for measurement the wall attenuation . 41
D.3 Typical representative wall measurement result . 43
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 44
History . 45
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with amended ECC Decision ECC/DEC(07)01 on
specific Material Sensing devices using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology (amended 26 June 2009) [7] and
Commission Decision of 21 April 2009 [6] amending Decision 2007/131/EC [5] on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community (notified under
document number C(2009) 2787) (2009/343/EC) [6].
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Ultra WideBand (UWB) Building Material
Analysis (BMA) and classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz,
as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clauses 4 and 5 provide the technical requirements for the conduction of the tests and information for equipment to be
presented.
Clauses 6 and 7 give guidance on the general conditions for testing of the device and the interpretation of results and
maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters. The clause provides details on how the equipment
should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides specifications concerning the design requirements.
Annex C (informative) gives information for the measurement antenna and the preamplifier specifications.
Annex D (normative) provides a representative wall definition for emission measurements and the LBT function.
Annex E (informative) Bibliography covers other supplementary information.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 7 December 2009
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 March 2010
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 September 2010
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 September 2010
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis (BMA) and classification applications
using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz. Additionally, it
specifies reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB Building Material Analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications;
b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna;
c) handheld devices.
The present document does not apply to:
• UWB communication devices; and
• Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• Through-wall radar imaging devices;
as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [i.1].
The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to
function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building
materials which absorb emissions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): " American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility; Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control; Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[5] Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the
Community (notified under document number C(2007) 522) (Text with EEA relevance).
[6] Commission Decision 2009/343/EC of 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on
allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a
harmonized manner in the Community (notified under document number C(2009) 2787) (Text
with EEA relevance).
[7] ECC/DEC/(07)01: "ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on specific Material Sensing devices using
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology (amended 26 June 2009)".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[i.2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538: "Technical and operating parameters and spectrum
requirements for short range radiocommunication devices".
[i.3] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to
the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment; Radio disturbance characteristics;
Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.6] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.7] "Antenna Pattern Measurement, Theory and Equations", Michael D. Foegelle, ETS Lindgreen,
Compliance Engineering, Annual Reference Guide 2002.ECC/DEC/(07)01 Decision of 30 March
2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA) devices using UWB technology.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual
on-the-air emission time within a given time window
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogeneities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building
material structures
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism to avoid signal transmission in the presence of other radio service signals
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to
cover all PRI variations
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets
Short Range Device (SRD): equipment defined to operate on a non-interference, no protection from interference basis
NOTE: This is also defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538 [i.2].
Total Power (TP): integration of the undesired emissions in the whole area around the Building Material Analysis
(BMA) scenario
NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP)). This value is
comparable to an equivalent isotropic radiator.
undesired emissions: any emissions into free space during operation of the equipment when equipment is faced to a
wall or other absorptive material to be investigated
NOTE: Undesired emissions are:
leaked emissions from the side or backside of the antenna; and/or
scattered/reflected emissions from the building material to be investigated; and/or
residual emissions through the building material.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Ω resistant value in ohm
c velocity of light in a vacuum
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
E Electrical field strength
E relative dielectric constant of earth materials
R
E
rms Average electrical field strength measured as root mean square
f frequency
f frequency at which the
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB);
Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications
operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGUWB-006-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
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Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
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Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.
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DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
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GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirement specifications . 10
4.1 General requirements . 10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 11
4.2.2 Auxiliary test equipment . 11
4.2.3 Declarations by the provider . 11
4.2.4 Marking and equipment identification . 11
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 11
4.3.1 General . 11
4.3.2 Controls . 11
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 12
4.4 Other device emissions . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 12
5.1 Test conditions . 12
5.2 Test power source . 12
5.2.1 External test power source . 12
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 12
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Internal battery power source . 13
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 13
5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 13
6 General conditions . 13
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements . 13
6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 14
6.3 Measuring receiver . 14
7 Interpretation of results . 14
7.1 Measurement uncertainty . 14
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 15
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than the maximum acceptable uncertainty . 15
7.2 Other Emissions from device circuitry . 16
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 16
8.1 General . 16
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 16
8.2.1 Definition . 16
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 17
8.2.3 Frequency range . 18
8.3 Emissions . 18
8.3.1 Undesired UWB emissions from the transmitter . 18
8.3.1.1 Definitions . 18
8.3.1.2 Method of measurement . 18
8.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement of the Total Emissions (TE) . 20
8.3.1.2.2 Method of measurement of the Other Emissions (OE) . 22
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
8.3.1.2.3 Method of calculation of the maximum mean undesired UWB emission of the equipment
(UE) . 24
8.3.1.3 Limits . 24
8.3.2 Other Emissions (OE) . 24
8.3.2.1 Definition . 24
8.3.2.2 Method of measurement . 24
8.3.2.3 Limits . 25
8.3.3 Total Power spectral density (UE-TP) . 25
8.3.3.1 Definitions . 25
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement . 26
8.3.3.3 Limits . 26
8.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) . 26
8.4.1 Definitions . 26
8.4.2 Declaration . 26
8.4.3 Limits . 26
8.5 Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 27
8.5.1 Definition . 27
8.5.2 Function of LBT . 27
8.5.3 Method of measurement . 29
8.5.3.1 Measurement procedure . 29
8.5.3.2 Test set-up . 29
8.5.4 Limits . 31
8.5.5 Test signal definition for LBT-mechanism . 32
8.5.6 Design requirements . 33
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 33
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 33
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 34
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 34
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 34
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 35
A.1.3 Test antenna . 36
A.1.4 Measuring antenna . 36
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 37
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 37
A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT . 37
A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT. 37
A.2.4 Range length . 37
A.2.5 Site preparation . 38
A 2.6 General requirements for RF cables . 38
Annex B (normative): Design requirements . 39
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications . 40
Annex D (normative): Definition of the representative wall and procedure for measurement
of the undesired emissions . 41
D.1 Representative wall definition for measuring the undesired emissions and LBT function . 41
D.2 Procedure for measurement the wall attenuation . 41
D.3 Typical representative wall measurement result . 43
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 44
History . 45
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the ETSI standards
One-step Approval Procedure.
Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with amended ECC Decision ECC/DEC(07)01 on
specific Material Sensing devices using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology (amended 26 June 2009) [7] and
Commission Decision of 21 April 2009 [6] amending Decision 2007/131/EC [5] on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the Community (notified under
document number C(2009) 2787) (2009/343/EC) [6].
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Ultra WideBand (UWB) Building Material
Analysis (BMA) and classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz,
as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clauses 4 and 5 provide the technical requirements for the conduction of the tests and information for equipment to be
presented.
Clauses 6 and 7 give guidance on the general conditions for testing of the device and the interpretation of results and
maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters. The clause provides details on how the equipment
should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides specifications concerning the design requirements.
Annex C (informative) gives information for the measurement antenna and the preamplifier specifications.
Annex D (normative) provides a representative wall definition for emission measurements and the LBT function.
Annex E (informative) Bibliography covers other supplementary information.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis (BMA) and classification applications
using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz. Additionally, it
specifies reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB Building Material Analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications;
b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna;
c) handheld devices.
The present document does not apply to:
• UWB communication devices; and
• Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• Through-wall radar imaging devices;
as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [i.1].
The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to
function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building
materials which absorb emissions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
[2] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[3] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[4] ANSI C63.5 (2006): " American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility; Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control; Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[5] Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the
Community (notified under document number C(2007) 522) (Text with EEA relevance).
[6] Commission Decision 2009/343/EC of 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on
allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a
harmonized manner in the Community (notified under document number C(2009) 2787) (Text
with EEA relevance).
[7] ECC/DEC/(07)01: "ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on specific Material Sensing devices using
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology (amended 26 June 2009)".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[i.2] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538: "Technical and operating parameters and spectrum
requirements for short range radiocommunication devices".
[i.3] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to
the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[i.4] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.5] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment; Radio disturbance characteristics;
Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.6] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.7] "Antenna Pattern Measurement, Theory and Equations", Michael D. Foegelle, ETS Lindgreen,
Compliance Engineering, Annual Reference Guide 2002.ECC/DEC/(07)01 Decision of 30 March
2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA) devices using UWB technology.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual
on-the-air emission time within a given time window
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.3.1 (2009-08)
clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogeneities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building
material structures
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism to avoid signal transmission in the presence of other radio service signals
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to
cover all PRI variations
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets
Short Range Device (SRD): equipment defined to operate on a non-interference, no protection from interference basis
NOTE: This is also defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538 [i.2].
Total Power (TP): integration of the undesired emissions in the whole area around the Building Material Analysis
(BMA) scenario
NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP)). This value is
comparable to an equivalent isotropic radiator.
undesired emissions: any emissions into free space during operation of the equipment when equipment is faced to a
wall or other absorptive material to be investigated
NOTE: Undesired emissions are:
leaked emissions from the side or backside of the antenna; and/or
scattered/reflected emissions from the building material to be investigated; and/or
residual emissions through the building material.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Ω resistant value in ohm
c velocity of light in a vacuum
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
E Electrical field s
...
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