ETSI ETS 300 328 ed.2 (1996-11)

Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Wideband transmission systems; Technical characteristics and test conditions for data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques

RE/RES-10-09

Radijska oprema in sistemi (RES) - Tehnične karakteristike in preskusni pogoji opreme za prenos podatkov v 2,4 GHz ISM frekvenčnem pasu, ki uporablja modulacijsko tehniko z razpršenim spektrom

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Nov-1996
• Technical Committee: RES 10 - Radio LAN
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 29-Nov-1996
• Completion Date: 25-Nov-1996
• Ref Project: SIST ETS 300 328:1998 - Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Wideband transmission systems; Technical characteristics and test conditions for data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.DEOMDRadio Equipment and Systems (RES); Wideband transmission systems; Technical characteristics and test conditions for data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETS 300 328 E23SIST ETS 300 328:1998en01-RNWREHU-19983SIST ETS 300 328:1998SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST ETS 300 328:1998



EUROPEANETS 300 328TELECOMMUNICATIONNovember 1996STANDARDSecond EditionSource: ETSI TC-RESReference: RE/RES-10-09ICS:33.060.20 33.060.50Key words:Data, emission, mobile, radio, spread spectrum, testing, transmissionRadio Equipment and Systems (RES);Wideband transmission systems;Technical characteristics and test conditions fordata transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM bandand using spread spectrum modulation techniquesETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards InstituteETSI SecretariatPostal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCEOffice address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCEX.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail].: [phone] - Fax: [phone]Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and theforegoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 2ETS 300 328: November 1996Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 3ETS 300 328: November 1996ContentsForeword.5Introduction.51Scope.72Normative references.83Definitions and abbreviations.83.1Definitions.83.2Abbreviations.104General.104.1Manufacturer declarations.104.2Presentation of equipment for type testing.114.2.1Choice of model.114.2.2Presentation.114.2.3Choice of operating frequencies.114.3Design.114.3.1General.114.3.2Controls.124.4Interpretation of the measurement results.125Technical characteristics.125.1Modulation.125.1.1FHSS modulation.125.1.2DSSS and other forms of modulation.125.2Transmitter parameter limits.125.2.1Effective radiated power.125.2.2Peak power density.125.2.3Frequency range.135.2.4Spurious emissions.135.3Receiver parameter limits.145.3.1General.145.3.2Spurious emissions.146Test conditions.156.1Normal and extreme test conditions.156.2Power sources.156.2.1Power sources for stand-alone equipment.156.2.2Power sources for plug-in radio devices.156.3Normal test conditions.156.3.1Normal temperature and humidity.156.3.2Normal power source.156.3.2.1Mains voltage.156.3.2.2Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles.166.3.2.3Other power sources.166.4Extreme test conditions.166.4.1Extreme temperatures.166.4.2Extreme power source voltages.166.4.2.1Mains voltage.166.4.2.2Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles.166.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteries.166.4.2.4Other power sources.176.4.3Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.176.5Testing of host connected equipment and plug-in radio devices.176.5.1Alternative A: combined equipment.17SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 4ETS 300 328: November 19966.5.2Alternative B: use of a host or test jig.176.6Test data sequence.177Methods of measurement.187.1General.187.2Measurements of transmitter parameters.187.2.1Effective radiated power.187.2.2Peak power density.197.2.3Frequency range of equipment using FHSS modulation.217.2.4Frequency range of equipment using other forms of modulation.227.2.5Spurious emissions.227.3Measurements of receiver parameters.237.3.1General.237.3.2Spurious emissions.238Measurement uncertainty values.24Annex A (normative):Test sites and arrangements for radiated measurements.25A.1Test sites.25A.1.1Open air test sites.25A.1.2Anechoic chamber.26A.1.2.1General.26A.1.2.2Description.26A.1.2.3Influence of parasitic reflections.26A.1.2.4Calibration and mode of use.27A.2Test antenna.28A.3Substitution antenna.29Annex B (normative):General description of measurement.30B.1Conducted measurements and use of test fixture.30B.2Radiated measurements.30B.3Substitution measurement.31Annex C (informative):Bibliography.32History.33SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 5ETS 300 328: November 1996ForewordThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment andSystems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).Annex A provides additional requirements concerning radiated measurements.Annex B contains normative specifications for the adjustment of the measurement equipment and of theequipment to be measured in order to achieve correct results.Annex C provides a Bibliography.Transposition datesDate of adoption of this ETS:8 November 1996Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa):28 February 1997Date of latest publication of new National Standardor endorsement of this ETS (dop/e):31 August 1997Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow):31 August 1997IntroductionWideband radio data transmission systems are rapidly being introduced into a variety of commercial andindustrial applications and the technology employed by these systems is still developing.This ETS may be used by accredited test laboratories for the assessment of the performance of theequipment. The performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative for theperformance of the corresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment,this ETS contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for type testing purposes (clause 4),testing conditions (clause 6) and methods of measurement (clause 7).This ETS assumes that:-the type test measurements performed in an accredited test laboratory in one CEPT country wouldbe accepted by the Type Approval Authority in another country provided that the national regulatoryrequirements are met (see CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03 [3]);-if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it would be tested in accordance withthe methods of measurement specified in this ETS.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 6ETS 300 328: November 1996Blank pageSIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 7ETS 300 328: November 19961ScopeThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) covers equipment referred to in CEPTRecommendation T/R 10-01 [1]. This ETS covers the minimum technical characteristics for radio datatransmission equipment having the following technical parameters:-wideband radio modulation techniques;-aggregate bit rates in excess of 250 kbits/s;-operation in the 2,4 to 2,483 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band;-effective radiated power of up to -10 dBW (100 mW);-power density of up to -10 dBW (100 mW) per 100 kHz for frequency hopping modulation;-power density of up to -20 dBW (10 mW) per 1 MHz for other forms of spread spectrummodulation.This ETS only addresses the transceivers, transmitters and receivers of equipment offered for testing.The equipment offered for testing may be used in fixed, mobile or portable applications, e.g.:-stand-alone radio equipment with or without their own control provisions;-plug-in radio devices intended for use with or within a variety of host systems, e.g. personalcomputers, hand-held terminals, etc.The equipment may be fitted with integral antennae and/or antenna connectors.CEPT Recommendation T/R 10-01 [1] defines the total power and power density limits for systems usingspread spectrum modulation together with a minimum aggregate bit rate of 250 kbits/s. TheRecommendation does not address the details of these modulation techniques. Therefore, this ETS doesnot cover the design or operation of the equipment being tested but describes a common set ofmeasurements to be applied to various types of such equipment, including those employing FrequencyHopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) modulation and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)modulation.CEPT Recommendation T/R 10-01 [1] specifies that spread spectrum modulation be used and it givespower density values for FHSS and DSSS modulation. This ETS specifies the minimum technicalparameters of FHSS modulation such that it can be clearly differentiated from other types of modulation,including DSSS modulation.CEPT Recommendation T/R 01-04 [2] defines limits of spurious emissions for a variety of radioequipment; these limits are used in this ETS as appropriate.This ETS describes measurements for operating frequency range(s), effective radiated power and powerdensity as well as spurious emissions for transmitters and receivers.The measurement methods have been adapted from ETR 027 [4] where possible.This ETS specifies test site characteristics, test conditions, equipment calibration and methods ofmeasurement.This ETS is a general standard which may be superseded by specific standards covering specificapplications.Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment such as that intended for connectionto the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and/or other Public Data Networks (PDN).SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 8ETS 300 328: November 19962Normative referencesThis ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicationsapply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latestedition of the publication referred to applies.[1]CEPT Recommendation T/R 10-01: "Wideband Data Transmission in the2,4 GHz to 2,5 GHz ISM band".[2]CEPT Recommendation T/R 01-04: "Low Power Devices".[3]CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03: "Procedures for Type Testing and Approvalfor Radio Equipment intended for non-public systems".[4]ETR 027: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Methods of measurement for mobileradio equipment".[5]ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Uncertainties in the measurement ofmobile radio equipment characteristics".[6]EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of information technology equipment".3Definitions and abbreviations3.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:aggregate bit rate: The bit rate at the air interface (see point D in figure 1) including protocol overheadwhere applicable and excluding the effects of signal spreading.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 9ETS 300 328: November 1996ABCDData bufferprocessingradio devicedata 1data nclock 1clock nsignal spreadingTxamplifierspreading signaltransmitterA:InterfaceB:Input into processing logicC:Input into the modulatorD:Air InterfaceFigure 1: Parameters related to the aggregate bit ratechip: A unit of modulation used in direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.chip rate: The number of chips per second.chip sequence: A sequence of chips with defined length and defined chip polarities.direct sequence spread spectrum modulation: A form of modulation where a combination of data to betransmitted and a known code sequence (chip sequence) is used to directly modulate a carrier, e.g. byphase shift keying. The transmitted bandwidth is determined by the chip rate and the modulation scheme.fixed station: Equipment intended for use in a fixed location and fitted with one or more antennae. Theequipment may be fitted with either antenna socket(s) or integral antenna(e) or both.frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation: A spread spectrum technique in which thetransmitter signal occupies a number of frequencies in time, each for some period of time, referred to asthe dwell time. Transmitter and receiver follow the same frequency hop pattern. The frequency range isdetermined by the lowest and highest hop positions and the bandwidth per hop position (see subclause5.2.3).frequency range: The range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted.hand-portable station: Equipment normally used on a stand-alone basis and to be carried by a person orheld in the hand. The equipment may be fitted with one or more antennae. The equipment may be fittedwith either antenna socket(s) or integral antenna(e) or both.host: Host equipment is any equipment which has complete user functionality when not connected to theradio equipment part and to which the radio equipment part provides additional functionality and to whichconnection is necessary for the radio equipment part to offer functionality.integral antenna: An antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a standardconnector and considered to be part of the equipment. An integral antenna may be fitted internally orexternally to the equipment.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 10ETS 300 328: November 1996manufacturer: For the purposes of this ETS "manufacturer" is understood to refer to the manufacturer orapplicant of equipment offered for testing.mobile station: Equipment normally used in a vehicle or as a transportable station. The equipment maybe fitted with one or more antennae. The equipment may be fitted with either antenna socket(s) or integralantenna(e) or both.operating frequency: The nominal frequency at which the equipment can be operated; this is alsoreferred to as the operating centre frequency. Equipment may be adjustable for operation at more thanone operating frequency.plug-in radio device: Equipment intended to be used with or within variety of host systems, using theircontrol functions and power supply.power envelope: The frequency/power contour within which the useful RF power is generated.spread spectrum modulation: A modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal isspread throughout a relatively large portion of the frequency spectrum.stand-alone radio equipment: Equipment that is intended primarily as communications equipment andthat is normally used on a stand-alone basis.3.2AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:dBWdB relative to 1 watt powerdBmdB relative to 1 milliwatt powerDSSSDirect Sequence Spread Spectrume.i.r.p.equivalent isotropically radiated powerFHSSFrequency Hopping Spread SpectrumISMIndustrial, Scientific and MedicalITEInformation Technology EquipmentRFRadio FrequencyRxReceiverTxTransmitter4General4.1Manufacturer declarationsThe manufacturer shall declare the following specific characteristics of the equipment:a)the aggregate bit rate (see subclause 3.1 for the definition);b)the type of modulation used: FHSS modulation, DSSS modulation or any other type of spreadspectrum modulation (see subclause 5.1);c)where FHSS modulation is used: the number of hopping channels, the dwell time per channel andthe maximum time between two instances of use of the same channel; these values shall fall withinthe specifications given in subclause 5.1.1;d)the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment and, where applicable, band(s) of operation (seesubclause 5.2.3);e)the type of the equipment, for example: stand-alone equipment or plug-in radio devices (see alsosubclause 3.1). In case of combined equipment using a plug-in radio device, and more than onecombination is intended, each combination should be declared as well (see also subclause 6.5.1);f)the extreme operating conditions that apply to the equipment offered for testing;SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 11ETS 300 328: November 1996g)where the radio equipment is capable of different transmitter power settings, the manufacturer shalldeclare the intended combination(s) of the radio equipment power settings and one or moreantenna assemblies. For each combination, the gain of the antenna assembly i.e. the transferfunction between the conducted RF power and e.i.r.p., shall be declared;h)the nominal voltages of the stand-alone radio equipment or the nominal voltages of the hostequipment in case of plug-in devices.Where the manufacturer offers different combinations of equipment and antennae, the antennaeappropriate for a given combination shall be referenced either on the equipment and on the antennaeand/or in the user documentation.4.2Presentation of equipment for type testing4.2.1Choice of modelThe manufacturer shall offer one or more production models or equivalent preliminary models, asappropriate, for type testing. If type approval is given on the basis of tests
on (a) preliminary model(s),then the corresponding production models shall be identical to the tested models in all respects relevantfor the purposes of this standard, to the preliminary model(s) tested.Software fitted to production models shall be substantially the same as that used during type testing.Due to the low levels of RF signal and the wideband modulations used in this type of equipment, radiatedRF power measurements are imprecise. Conducted measurements are much more precise; incombination with the declared antenna assembly gain(s) adequate assurance of the RF characteristicscan be achieved. Therefore, equipment offered for testing shall preferably provide a suitable connector forconducted RF power measurements. Where this is not possible, the manufacturer shall provide adocumented test fixture that converts the radiated signal into a conducted signal into a suitabletermination. Alternatively, radiated measurements shall be performed.4.2.2PresentationStand-alone equipment shall be offered complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. Themanufacturer shall declare, the range of operating conditions and power requirements as applicable inorder to establish the appropriate test conditions.Plug-in radio devices may be offered for testing together with a suitable test jig and/or host equipmentintended for normal use (see subclause 6.5). The manufacturer shall declare the range of operatingconditions and power requirements that are applicable in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.Where a manufacturer declares multiple combinations of radio equipment and antennae, the configurationto be used for testing shall be chosen as follows except where specified otherwise:-for each combination, determine the highest user selectable power level and the antenna assemblywith the highest gain;-from the resulting combinations, choose the one with the highest e.i.r.p.4.2.3Choice of operating frequenciesWhere equipment can be adjusted to or operated at different operating frequencies, a minimum of twooperating frequencies shall be chosen such that the lower and higher limits of the operating range(s) ofthe equipment are covered (see subclause 5.2.3).4.3Design4.3.1GeneralThe equipment submitted by the manufacturer, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured inaccordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to otherequipment and services.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 12ETS 300 328: November 19964.3.2ControlsThose controls (of the radio part) which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potential of theequipment shall not be easily accessible to the user.4.4Interpretation of the measurement resultsThe interpretation of the test results recorded in a test report for the measurements described in this ETSshall be as follows:a)the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether anequipment meets the requirements of the ETS;b)the actual measurement uncertainty of the test laboratory carrying out the measurements, for eachparticular measurement, in accordance with ETR 028 [5], shall be recorded in the test report.The recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lowerthan the figures in clause 8 (table of measurement uncertainty).5Technical characteristics5.1ModulationThe manufacturer shall declare the modulation characteristics of the equipment to be tested. For thepurpose of deciding which level of power density applies to equipment offered for testing, this ETS definestwo categories of equipment: equipment conforming to the stated characteristics of FHSS modulation (seesubclause 5.1.1) and equipment not conforming to these characteristics. The latter category includesequipment using DSSS modulation (see subclause 5.1.2).5.1.1FHSS modulationFHSS modulation shall make use of at least 20 well defined, non-overlapping channels or hoppingpositions separated by the channel bandwidth as measured at 20 dB below peak power. The dwell timeper channel shall not exceed 0,4 seconds. While the equipment is operating (transmitting and/orreceiving) each channel of the hopping sequence shall be occupied at least once during a period notexceeding four times the product of the dwell time per hop and the number of channels. Systems thatmeet the above constraints shall be tested according to the requirements for FHSS modulation.5.1.2DSSS and other forms of modulationFor the purposes of this standard, other forms of spread spectrum modulation which do not satisfy theconstraints of the specification given in subclause 5.1.1, shall be considered equivalent to DSSSmodulation. Systems using these other forms of modulation shall be considered equivalent to DSSSsystems and shall be tested according to the requirements for DSSS modulation.5.2Transmitter parameter limits5.2.1Effective radiated powerThe effective radiated power is defined as the total power of the transmitter and is calculated according tothe procedure given in subclause 7.2.1. The effective radiated power shall be equal to or less than-10 dBW (100 mW) e.i.r.p. This limit shall apply for any combination of power level and intended antennaassembly.See clause 6 for the test conditions; see subclause 7.2.1 for the measurement method.5.2.2Peak power densityThe peak power density is defined as the highest instantaneous level of power in Watts per Hertzgenerated by the transmitter within the power envelope. For equipment using FHSS modulation, the powerdensity shall be limited to -10 dBW (100 mW) per 100 kHz e.i.r.p. For equipment using other types ofmodulation, the peak power shall be limited to -20 dBW (10 mW) per MHz e.i.r.p.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 13ETS 300 328: November 1996See clause 6 for the test conditions; see subclause 7.2.2 for the measurement and calculation methods.5.2.3Frequency rangeThe frequency range of the equipment is determined by the lowest and highest frequencies occupied bythe power envelope.fH is the highest frequency of the power envelope: it is the frequency furthest above the frequency ofmaximum power where the output power drops below the level of -80 dBm/Hz e.i
...

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.DEOMDRadio Equipment and Systems (RES); Wideband transmission systems; Technical characteristics and test conditions for data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETS 300 328 Edition 2SIST ETS 300 328:1998en01-december-1998SIST ETS 300 328:1998SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST ETS 300 328:1998



EUROPEANETS 300 328TELECOMMUNICATIONNovember 1996STANDARDSecond EditionSource: ETSI TC-RESReference: RE/RES-10-09ICS:33.060.20 33.060.50Key words:Data, emission, mobile, radio, spread spectrum, testing, transmissionRadio Equipment and Systems (RES);Wideband transmission systems;Technical characteristics and test conditions fordata transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM bandand using spread spectrum modulation techniquesETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards InstituteETSI SecretariatPostal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCEOffice address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCEX.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail].: [phone] - Fax: [phone]Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and theforegoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 2ETS 300 328: November 1996Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 3ETS 300 328: November 1996ContentsForeword.5Introduction.51Scope.72Normative references.83Definitions and abbreviations.83.1Definitions.83.2Abbreviations.104General.104.1Manufacturer declarations.104.2Presentation of equipment for type testing.114.2.1Choice of model.114.2.2Presentation.114.2.3Choice of operating frequencies.114.3Design.114.3.1General.114.3.2Controls.124.4Interpretation of the measurement results.125Technical characteristics.125.1Modulation.125.1.1FHSS modulation.125.1.2DSSS and other forms of modulation.125.2Transmitter parameter limits.125.2.1Effective radiated power.125.2.2Peak power density.125.2.3Frequency range.135.2.4Spurious emissions.135.3Receiver parameter limits.145.3.1General.145.3.2Spurious emissions.146Test conditions.156.1Normal and extreme test conditions.156.2Power sources.156.2.1Power sources for stand-alone equipment.156.2.2Power sources for plug-in radio devices.156.3Normal test conditions.156.3.1Normal temperature and humidity.156.3.2Normal power source.156.3.2.1Mains voltage.156.3.2.2Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles.166.3.2.3Other power sources.166.4Extreme test conditions.166.4.1Extreme temperatures.166.4.2Extreme power source voltages.166.4.2.1Mains voltage.166.4.2.2Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles.166.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteries.166.4.2.4Other power sources.176.4.3Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.176.5Testing of host connected equipment and plug-in radio devices.176.5.1Alternative A: combined equipment.17SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 4ETS 300 328: November 19966.5.2Alternative B: use of a host or test jig.176.6Test data sequence.177Methods of measurement.187.1General.187.2Measurements of transmitter parameters.187.2.1Effective radiated power.187.2.2Peak power density.197.2.3Frequency range of equipment using FHSS modulation.217.2.4Frequency range of equipment using other forms of modulation.227.2.5Spurious emissions.227.3Measurements of receiver parameters.237.3.1General.237.3.2Spurious emissions.238Measurement uncertainty values.24Annex A (normative):Test sites and arrangements for radiated measurements.25A.1Test sites.25A.1.1Open air test sites.25A.1.2Anechoic chamber.26A.1.2.1General.26A.1.2.2Description.26A.1.2.3Influence of parasitic reflections.26A.1.2.4Calibration and mode of use.27A.2Test antenna.28A.3Substitution antenna.29Annex B (normative):General description of measurement.30B.1Conducted measurements and use of test fixture.30B.2Radiated measurements.30B.3Substitution measurement.31Annex C (informative):Bibliography.32History.33SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 5ETS 300 328: November 1996ForewordThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment andSystems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).Annex A provides additional requirements concerning radiated measurements.Annex B contains normative specifications for the adjustment of the measurement equipment and of theequipment to be measured in order to achieve correct results.Annex C provides a Bibliography.Transposition datesDate of adoption of this ETS:8 November 1996Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa):28 February 1997Date of latest publication of new National Standardor endorsement of this ETS (dop/e):31 August 1997Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow):31 August 1997IntroductionWideband radio data transmission systems are rapidly being introduced into a variety of commercial andindustrial applications and the technology employed by these systems is still developing.This ETS may be used by accredited test laboratories for the assessment of the performance of theequipment. The performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative for theperformance of the corresponding production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment,this ETS contains instructions for the presentation of equipment for type testing purposes (clause 4),testing conditions (clause 6) and methods of measurement (clause 7).This ETS assumes that:-the type test measurements performed in an accredited test laboratory in one CEPT country wouldbe accepted by the Type Approval Authority in another country provided that the national regulatoryrequirements are met (see CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03 [3]);-if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it would be tested in accordance withthe methods of measurement specified in this ETS.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 6ETS 300 328: November 1996Blank pageSIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 7ETS 300 328: November 19961ScopeThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) covers equipment referred to in CEPTRecommendation T/R 10-01 [1]. This ETS covers the minimum technical characteristics for radio datatransmission equipment having the following technical parameters:-wideband radio modulation techniques;-aggregate bit rates in excess of 250 kbits/s;-operation in the 2,4 to 2,483 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band;-effective radiated power of up to -10 dBW (100 mW);-power density of up to -10 dBW (100 mW) per 100 kHz for frequency hopping modulation;-power density of up to -20 dBW (10 mW) per 1 MHz for other forms of spread spectrummodulation.This ETS only addresses the transceivers, transmitters and receivers of equipment offered for testing.The equipment offered for testing may be used in fixed, mobile or portable applications, e.g.:-stand-alone radio equipment with or without their own control provisions;-plug-in radio devices intended for use with or within a variety of host systems, e.g. personalcomputers, hand-held terminals, etc.The equipment may be fitted with integral antennae and/or antenna connectors.CEPT Recommendation T/R 10-01 [1] defines the total power and power density limits for systems usingspread spectrum modulation together with a minimum aggregate bit rate of 250 kbits/s. TheRecommendation does not address the details of these modulation techniques. Therefore, this ETS doesnot cover the design or operation of the equipment being tested but describes a common set ofmeasurements to be applied to various types of such equipment, including those employing FrequencyHopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) modulation and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)modulation.CEPT Recommendation T/R 10-01 [1] specifies that spread spectrum modulation be used and it givespower density values for FHSS and DSSS modulation. This ETS specifies the minimum technicalparameters of FHSS modulation such that it can be clearly differentiated from other types of modulation,including DSSS modulation.CEPT Recommendation T/R 01-04 [2] defines limits of spurious emissions for a variety of radioequipment; these limits are used in this ETS as appropriate.This ETS describes measurements for operating frequency range(s), effective radiated power and powerdensity as well as spurious emissions for transmitters and receivers.The measurement methods have been adapted from ETR 027 [4] where possible.This ETS specifies test site characteristics, test conditions, equipment calibration and methods ofmeasurement.This ETS is a general standard which may be superseded by specific standards covering specificapplications.Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment such as that intended for connectionto the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and/or other Public Data Networks (PDN).SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 8ETS 300 328: November 19962Normative referencesThis ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicationsapply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latestedition of the publication referred to applies.[1]CEPT Recommendation T/R 10-01: "Wideband Data Transmission in the2,4 GHz to 2,5 GHz ISM band".[2]CEPT Recommendation T/R 01-04: "Low Power Devices".[3]CEPT Recommendation T/R 71-03: "Procedures for Type Testing and Approvalfor Radio Equipment intended for non-public systems".[4]ETR 027: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Methods of measurement for mobileradio equipment".[5]ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Uncertainties in the measurement ofmobile radio equipment characteristics".[6]EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of information technology equipment".3Definitions and abbreviations3.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:aggregate bit rate: The bit rate at the air interface (see point D in figure 1) including protocol overheadwhere applicable and excluding the effects of signal spreading.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 9ETS 300 328: November 1996ABCDData bufferprocessingradio devicedata 1data nclock 1clock nsignal spreadingTxamplifierspreading signaltransmitterA:InterfaceB:Input into processing logicC:Input into the modulatorD:Air InterfaceFigure 1: Parameters related to the aggregate bit ratechip: A unit of modulation used in direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.chip rate: The number of chips per second.chip sequence: A sequence of chips with defined length and defined chip polarities.direct sequence spread spectrum modulation: A form of modulation where a combination of data to betransmitted and a known code sequence (chip sequence) is used to directly modulate a carrier, e.g. byphase shift keying. The transmitted bandwidth is determined by the chip rate and the modulation scheme.fixed station: Equipment intended for use in a fixed location and fitted with one or more antennae. Theequipment may be fitted with either antenna socket(s) or integral antenna(e) or both.frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation: A spread spectrum technique in which thetransmitter signal occupies a number of frequencies in time, each for some period of time, referred to asthe dwell time. Transmitter and receiver follow the same frequency hop pattern. The frequency range isdetermined by the lowest and highest hop positions and the bandwidth per hop position (see subclause5.2.3).frequency range: The range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted.hand-portable station: Equipment normally used on a stand-alone basis and to be carried by a person orheld in the hand. The equipment may be fitted with one or more antennae. The equipment may be fittedwith either antenna socket(s) or integral antenna(e) or both.host: Host equipment is any equipment which has complete user functionality when not connected to theradio equipment part and to which the radio equipment part provides additional functionality and to whichconnection is necessary for the radio equipment part to offer functionality.integral antenna: An antenna designed to be connected to the equipment without the use of a standardconnector and considered to be part of the equipment. An integral antenna may be fitted internally orexternally to the equipment.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 10ETS 300 328: November 1996manufacturer: For the purposes of this ETS "manufacturer" is understood to refer to the manufacturer orapplicant of equipment offered for testing.mobile station: Equipment normally used in a vehicle or as a transportable station. The equipment maybe fitted with one or more antennae. The equipment may be fitted with either antenna socket(s) or integralantenna(e) or both.operating frequency: The nominal frequency at which the equipment can be operated; this is alsoreferred to as the operating centre frequency. Equipment may be adjustable for operation at more thanone operating frequency.plug-in radio device: Equipment intended to be used with or within variety of host systems, using theircontrol functions and power supply.power envelope: The frequency/power contour within which the useful RF power is generated.spread spectrum modulation: A modulation technique in which the energy of a transmitted signal isspread throughout a relatively large portion of the frequency spectrum.stand-alone radio equipment: Equipment that is intended primarily as communications equipment andthat is normally used on a stand-alone basis.3.2AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:dBWdB relative to 1 watt powerdBmdB relative to 1 milliwatt powerDSSSDirect Sequence Spread Spectrume.i.r.p.equivalent isotropically radiated powerFHSSFrequency Hopping Spread SpectrumISMIndustrial, Scientific and MedicalITEInformation Technology EquipmentRFRadio FrequencyRxReceiverTxTransmitter4General4.1Manufacturer declarationsThe manufacturer shall declare the following specific characteristics of the equipment:a)the aggregate bit rate (see subclause 3.1 for the definition);b)the type of modulation used: FHSS modulation, DSSS modulation or any other type of spreadspectrum modulation (see subclause 5.1);c)where FHSS modulation is used: the number of hopping channels, the dwell time per channel andthe maximum time between two instances of use of the same channel; these values shall fall withinthe specifications given in subclause 5.1.1;d)the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment and, where applicable, band(s) of operation (seesubclause 5.2.3);e)the type of the equipment, for example: stand-alone equipment or plug-in radio devices (see alsosubclause 3.1). In case of combined equipment using a plug-in radio device, and more than onecombination is intended, each combination should be declared as well (see also subclause 6.5.1);f)the extreme operating conditions that apply to the equipment offered for testing;SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 11ETS 300 328: November 1996g)where the radio equipment is capable of different transmitter power settings, the manufacturer shalldeclare the intended combination(s) of the radio equipment power settings and one or moreantenna assemblies. For each combination, the gain of the antenna assembly i.e. the transferfunction between the conducted RF power and e.i.r.p., shall be declared;h)the nominal voltages of the stand-alone radio equipment or the nominal voltages of the hostequipment in case of plug-in devices.Where the manufacturer offers different combinations of equipment and antennae, the antennaeappropriate for a given combination shall be referenced either on the equipment and on the antennaeand/or in the user documentation.4.2Presentation of equipment for type testing4.2.1Choice of modelThe manufacturer shall offer one or more production models or equivalent preliminary models, asappropriate, for type testing. If type approval is given on the basis of tests
on (a) preliminary model(s),then the corresponding production models shall be identical to the tested models in all respects relevantfor the purposes of this standard, to the preliminary model(s) tested.Software fitted to production models shall be substantially the same as that used during type testing.Due to the low levels of RF signal and the wideband modulations used in this type of equipment, radiatedRF power measurements are imprecise. Conducted measurements are much more precise; incombination with the declared antenna assembly gain(s) adequate assurance of the RF characteristicscan be achieved. Therefore, equipment offered for testing shall preferably provide a suitable connector forconducted RF power measurements. Where this is not possible, the manufacturer shall provide adocumented test fixture that converts the radiated signal into a conducted signal into a suitabletermination. Alternatively, radiated measurements shall be performed.4.2.2PresentationStand-alone equipment shall be offered complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. Themanufacturer shall declare, the range of operating conditions and power requirements as applicable inorder to establish the appropriate test conditions.Plug-in radio devices may be offered for testing together with a suitable test jig and/or host equipmentintended for normal use (see subclause 6.5). The manufacturer shall declare the range of operatingconditions and power requirements that are applicable in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.Where a manufacturer declares multiple combinations of radio equipment and antennae, the configurationto be used for testing shall be chosen as follows except where specified otherwise:-for each combination, determine the highest user selectable power level and the antenna assemblywith the highest gain;-from the resulting combinations, choose the one with the highest e.i.r.p.4.2.3Choice of operating frequenciesWhere equipment can be adjusted to or operated at different operating frequencies, a minimum of twooperating frequencies shall be chosen such that the lower and higher limits of the operating range(s) ofthe equipment are covered (see subclause 5.2.3).4.3Design4.3.1GeneralThe equipment submitted by the manufacturer, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured inaccordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to otherequipment and services.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 12ETS 300 328: November 19964.3.2ControlsThose controls (of the radio part) which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potential of theequipment shall not be easily accessible to the user.4.4Interpretation of the measurement resultsThe interpretation of the test results recorded in a test report for the measurements described in this ETSshall be as follows:a)the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether anequipment meets the requirements of the ETS;b)the actual measurement uncertainty of the test laboratory carrying out the measurements, for eachparticular measurement, in accordance with ETR 028 [5], shall be recorded in the test report.The recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lowerthan the figures in clause 8 (table of measurement uncertainty).5Technical characteristics5.1ModulationThe manufacturer shall declare the modulation characteristics of the equipment to be tested. For thepurpose of deciding which level of power density applies to equipment offered for testing, this ETS definestwo categories of equipment: equipment conforming to the stated characteristics of FHSS modulation (seesubclause 5.1.1) and equipment not conforming to these characteristics. The latter category includesequipment using DSSS modulation (see subclause 5.1.2).5.1.1FHSS modulationFHSS modulation shall make use of at least 20 well defined, non-overlapping channels or hoppingpositions separated by the channel bandwidth as measured at 20 dB below peak power. The dwell timeper channel shall not exceed 0,4 seconds. While the equipment is operating (transmitting and/orreceiving) each channel of the hopping sequence shall be occupied at least once during a period notexceeding four times the product of the dwell time per hop and the number of channels. Systems thatmeet the above constraints shall be tested according to the requirements for FHSS modulation.5.1.2DSSS and other forms of modulationFor the purposes of this standard, other forms of spread spectrum modulation which do not satisfy theconstraints of the specification given in subclause 5.1.1, shall be considered equivalent to DSSSmodulation. Systems using these other forms of modulation shall be considered equivalent to DSSSsystems and shall be tested according to the requirements for DSSS modulation.5.2Transmitter parameter limits5.2.1Effective radiated powerThe effective radiated power is defined as the total power of the transmitter and is calculated according tothe procedure given in subclause 7.2.1. The effective radiated power shall be equal to or less than-10 dBW (100 mW) e.i.r.p. This limit shall apply for any combination of power level and intended antennaassembly.See clause 6 for the test conditions; see subclause 7.2.1 for the measurement method.5.2.2Peak power densityThe peak power density is defined as the highest instantaneous level of power in Watts per Hertzgenerated by the transmitter within the power envelope. For equipment using FHSS modulation, the powerdensity shall be limited to -10 dBW (100 mW) per 100 kHz e.i.r.p. For equipment using other types ofmodulation, the peak power shall be limited to -20 dBW (10 mW) per MHz e.i.r.p.SIST ETS 300 328:1998



Page 13ETS 300 328: November 1996See clause 6 for the test conditions; see subclause 7.2.2 for the measurement and calculation methods.5.2.3Frequency rangeThe frequency range of the equipment is determined by the lowest and highest frequencies occupied bythe power envelope.fH is the highest frequency of the power envelope: it is the frequency furthest above the frequency ofmaximum power where the output power drops below the level of -80 dBm/
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