ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)

Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems; Part 5: Performance Test Specification

RTS/SES-00455

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: SES SCN - Satellite Communications and Navigation
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 10-Sep-2020
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-2020
• Mandate: M/496

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
GNSS based location systems;
Part 5: Performance Test Specification


2 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)

Reference
RTS/SES-00455
Keywords
GNSS, location, MSS, navigation, performance,
receiver, satellite, system, terminal

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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 General . 12
4.1 GBLS Performance Features . 12
4.2 Conformance Test Statistics . 12
4.3 GBLS Performance Class Determination . 13
5 General test conditions . 13
5.1 Introduction . 13
5.2 Environmental conditions . 13
5.3 GNSS signal conditions . 13
5.3.1 Applicable GNSS constellations . 13
5.3.2 GNSS signal level . 13
5.3.3 GNSS frequency . 13
5.3.4 GNSS Multi-system Time Offsets . 13
5.4 Operational Environments . 14
5.5 Assistance Data . 14
5.6 Differential Data . 14
5.7 Test Configurations . 14
5.7.1 General Set-Up . 14
5.7.2 GNSS Signal Generator . 14
5.7.3 Sensor Simulators/Stimulators . 15
5.7.4 Telecoms RF Simulators . 15
5.7.5 GBLS output measurement data . 16
6 Horizontal and Vertical Position Accuracy . 16
6.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 16
6.2 Method of Test . 16
6.2.1 Introduction. 16
6.2.2 Initial conditions . 17
6.2.3 Measurement Procedures . 17
6.2.3.1 Test cases T-HVA-01/02/03: Moving location target . 17
6.2.3.2 Test cases T-HVA-04/05/06: Static location target . 17
6.2.4 Measurement Data Analysis . 17
6.2.4.1 General . 17
6.2.4.2 Horizontal Position Error . 17
6.2.4.2.1 Moving location target . 17
6.2.4.2.2 Static location target . 18
6.2.4.3 Vertical Position Error . 18
6.2.4.4 Confidence Intervals . 19
6.2.5 Pass/fail criteria . 19
6.2.6 GBLS Class Allocation . 19
7 Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) . 19
7.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 19
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4 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
7.2 Method of Test . 20
7.2.1 Introduction. 20
7.2.2 Initial conditions . 20
7.2.3 Measurement Procedures . 20
7.2.3.1 Test cases T-TTF-01 to -05: Moving location target . 20
7.2.3.2 Test cases T-TTF-05 to -08: Static location target . 21
7.3 Pass/fail criteria . 21
7.4 GBLS Class Allocation . 21
8 Position Authenticity . 21
8.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 21
8.2 Method of test . 22
8.2.1 Introduction. 22
8.2.2 Initial conditions . 22
8.2.3 Measurement procedures . 22
8.2.3.1 Test cases T-PA-01 and T-PA-02: Moving location target . 22
8.2.3.2 Test cases T-PA-03 and T-PA-04: Static location target . 23
8.2.4 Measurement Data Analysis . 23
8.2.4.1 Probability of False Alarm (Test cases T-PA-01 and T-PA-03) . 23
8.2.4.2 Probability of Detection (Test cases T-PA-02 and T-PA-04) . 23
8.3 Pass/Fail Criteria . 24
8.3.1 T-PA-01 and T-PA-03 . 24
8.3.2 T-PA-02 and T-PA-04 . 24
8.4 GBLS Class allocation . 24
9 Robustness to Interference . 24
9.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 24
9.2 Method of Test . 24
9.2.1 Initial conditions . 24
9.2.2 Measurement Procedures . 24
9.3 Pass/fail criteria . 25
9.4 GBLS Class Allocation . 25
10 GNSS sensitivity . 25
10.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 25
10.2 Method of Test . 26
10.2.1 Initial conditions . 26
10.2.2 Measurement Procedures . 26
10.3 Pass/fail criteria . 27
10.4 GBLS Class Allocation . 27
11 Position Integrity (Protection Level) . 28
11.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 28
11.2 Method of Test . 28
11.2.1 Initial conditions . 28
11.2.2 Measurement Procedures . 29
11.3 Pass/fail criteria . 29
11.4 GBLS Class Allocation . 29
12 Position day-to-day repeatability (Horizontal or Vertical plane) . 29
12.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 29
12.2 Method of Test . 30
12.2.1 Introduction. 30
12.2.2 Initial conditions . 30
12.2.3 Measurement Procedures . 30
12.2.3.1 Test cases T-DDR-01/02/03: Moving location target . 30
12.2.3.2 Test cases T-DDR-04/05/06: Static location target . 31
12.2.4 Measurement Data Analysis . 31
12.2.4.1 General . 31
12.2.4.2 Horizontal performance . 32
12.2.4.3 Vertical performance . 32
12.2.4.4 Confidence Intervals . 33
12.2.5 Pass/fail criteria . 33
12.2.6 GBLS Class Allocation . 33
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5 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
13 Time-To-Fix Ambiguities (TTFA) . 33
13.1 Test Objectives & Case definitions . 33
13.2 Method of Test . 34
13.2.1 Introduction. 34
13.2.2 Initial conditions . 34
13.2.3 Measurement Procedures . 34
13.2.3.1 Test cases T-TTFA-01/02/03: Moving location target . 34
13.2.3.2 Test cases T-TTFA-04/05/06: Static location target . 35
13.2.4 Measurement Data Analysis . 35
13.2.4.1 General . 35
13.2.4.2 Time-To-Fix Ambiguities . 35
13.2.5 Pass/fail criteria and GBLS Class Allocation . 36
Annex A (normative): Test Configurations . 37
A.1 Anechoic Chamber Test Configuration . 37
A.2 Wired Connections Test Configuration . 37
Annex B (normative): Scenarios for tests . 38
B.1 GNSS Scenario . 38
B.1.1 General Scenario . 38
B.1.2 GNSS Scenario for the Position day-to-day repeatability Test Case . 38
B.2 Telecoms Scenarios . 39
B.3 Sensor Scenarios . 39
Annex C (normative): Formulae to convert East and North coordinates to Along- and Cross-
Track coordinates . 40
C.1 Coordinates conversion formulae . 40
Annex D (normative): Rules for statistical testing . 41
D.1 For 95 % success rate, 95 % Confidence Level . 41
D.2 For 90 % success rate, 95 % CL . 43
D.3 Formulae to compute the confidence interval for the mean value of one-dimensional errors . 44
D.4 Formulae to compute the confidence level for percentile values of one-dimensional errors . 45
Annex E (informative): GBLS Implementation profiles . 46
E.1 Overview . 46
E.2 Implementation Profile #1 . 47
E.3 Implementation Profile #2 . 48
E.4 Implementation Profile #3 . 49
E.5 Implementation Profile #4 . 50
E.6 Implementation Profile #5 . 51
E.7 Implementation Profile #6 . 52
E.8 Implementation Profile #7 . 53
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 54
History . 55

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6 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
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not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES).
The present document is part 5 of a multi-part deliverable covering the GNSS based location systems, as identified
below:
Part 1: "Functional requirements";
Part 2: "Reference Architecture";
Part 3: "Performance requirements";
Part 4: "Requirements for location data exchange protocols";
Part 5: "Performance Test Specification".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The increasing expansion of location-based applications aims to satisfy more and more complex and diversified user
requirements: this is highlighted for example by the widespread adoption of multi-functional smart-phones or by the
ever wider adoption of tracking devices (e.g. in transport), etc. This requirement for new and innovative location-based
applications is generating a requirement for increasingly complex location systems.
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7 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
The wide spectrum of location-based applications identified in ETSI TR 103 183 [i.1] calls for a new and broader
concept for location systems, taking into account solutions in which GNSS technologies are complemented with other
technologies to improve robustness and performance. The notion of GNSS-based location systems is introduced and
defined in the present document.
Additional clauses and information related to the implementation in GNSS-based location systems of the various
differential GNSS technologies, namely D-GNSS, RTK and PPP are also included in order to facilitate the use of this
set of standards by manufacturers and service providers.

ETSI
8 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the procedures for testing conformance of complex GNSS Based Location System
(GBLS) with the performance requirements specified in ETSI TS 103 246-3 [3].
ETSI TS 103 246 part 1 [1], part 2 [2], part 3 [3] and part 4 [4] address integrated GNSS Based Location Systems
(GBLS) that combine Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), with other navigation technologies, as well as with
telecommunication networks in order to deliver location-based services to users. As a consequence the present
document is not applicable to GNSS only receivers.
ETSI TS 103 246 part 1 [1], part 2 [2], part 3 [3] and part 4 [4] propose a list of functional and performance
requirements and related test procedures. For each performance requirement, different classes are defined allowing the
benchmark of different GNSS Based Location Systems (GBLS) addressing the same applications.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TS 103 246-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems;
Part 1: Functional requirements".
[2] ETSI TS 103 246-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems;
Part 2: Reference Architecture".
[3] ETSI TS 103 246-3: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems;
Part 3: Performance requirements".
[4] ETSI TS 103 246-4: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems;
Part 4: Requirements for location data exchange protocols".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 103 183: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) based applications and standardisation needs".
[i.2] ETSI TS 137 571-1: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; User
Equipment (UE) conformance specification for UE positioning; Part 1: Conformance test
specification (3GPP TS 37.571-1)".
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9 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
[i.3] IEEE 802.11™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.4] IEEE 802.15.1™: "IEEE Standard for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between
Systems - LAN/MAN - Specific Requirements - Part 15: Wireless Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks
(WPANs)".
[i.5] IEEE 802.15.4a™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area
networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs):
Amendment 1: Add Alternate PHY".
[i.6] ETSI TS 145 001: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); GSM/EDGE
Physical layer on the radio path; General description (3GPP TS 45.001)".
[i.7] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[i.8] ETSI TS 136 171: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Requirements
for Support of Assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (A-GNSS) (3GPP TS 36.171)".
[i.9] M.M. Desu, D. Raghavarao: "Non-parametric Statistical Methods For Complete and Censored
th
Data", CRC press, 29 September 2003.
[i.10] RINEX: "The Receiver Independent Exchange Format", Version 2.10.
[i.11] RINEX: "The Receiver Independent Exchange Format", Version 3.02.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 103 246-1 [1] and the following apply:
accuracy (or error): difference between a measured or estimated value and its real value
almanac: information providing coarse orbit and coarse clock model information for GNSS satellites. Database
providing location information for a reference network used for positioning
assistance: use of position data from, typically, a telecommunications network to enable a GBLS to acquire the GNSS
signals and to calculate position or time more quickly
EXAMPLE: A-GNSS.
authentication: process/protocol to provide authenticity
authenticity: assurance that the location-related data associated with a location target has been derived from real and
not falsified signals
availability: percentage of time when a location system is able to provide the required location-related data
class A, B, C: categorization of the performance level of the GBLS for a given performance feature
NOTE: In all cases Class A is the highest performance class and C is the lowest.
coarse time assistance: use of a rough estimate of current time (typically to within two seconds) to enable a GBLS to
acquire the GNSS signals and to calculate position or time more quickly
EXAMPLE: Part of A-GNSS.
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10 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
cold-start: condition of the GBLS GNSS receiver having no accurate prior information on the position, velocity and
time of the location target, or on the positions of any of the GNSS satellites
continuity: likelihood that the location system functionality will be available during the complete duration of the
intended operation if the system is operational at the beginning of the operation
D-GNSS: technique aiming at enhancing position accuracy and integrity of a GNSS receiver by using differential
pseudorange corrections and "do not use flag" for faulty satellites delivered by a GNSS reference station located at a
known location
NOTE: In the present document, the term D-GNSS refers to conventional differential GNSS.
electromagnetic interference: any source of RF transmission that is within the frequency band used by a
communication link, and that degrades the performance of this link
estimator: rule in statistics for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data
fine time assistance: use of a good estimate of current time (typically to within ten micro-seconds) to enable a GBLS to
acquire the GNSS signals and to calculate position or time more quickly
EXAMPLE: Part of A-GNSS.
GNSS Based Location System (GBLS): location system using GNSS as the primary source of positioning or timing
GNSS only receiver: location receiver using GNSS as the unique source of positioning or timing
GNSS Signal Generator (GSG): device or system capable of generating simulated GNSS satellite transmissions in
order to create the required test environment for the GNSS sensor under test
integrity: measure of the trust in the accuracy of the location-related data provided by the location system and the
ability to provide timely and valid warnings to users when the location system does not fulfil the condition for intended
operation
NOTE: Integrity is expressed through the computation of a protection level. The Integrity function is designed to
deliver a warning (or alert) of any malfunction to users within a given period of time (time-to-alert).
Related to the Integrity concept, a Loss of Integrity event occurs when an unsafe condition (i.e. a
positioning error higher than the protection level) occurs without a warning to the users for a time longer
than the time-to-alert limit.
jamming: deliberate transmission of interference to disrupt communications
location: 3-dimensional position or location
location-based application: application which is able to deliver a service to one or several users, built on the
processing of the location information (location-related data) related to one or several targets
location-related data: set of data associated with a given location target
NOTE: Containing at least one or several of the following time-tagged information elements: location target
position, location target motion indicators (velocity and acceleration) location target timing, and Quality
of Service indicators (estimates of the position accuracy, reliability or authenticity).
location system: system responsible for providing to a location based application the location-related data of one or
several location targets
location target: physical entity (mobile or stationary) whose position is the focus of the location related data to be built
by the location system
percentile: percentage of a set of observations of a parameter which give a successful result (i.e. success rate)
performance feature: set of performance requirements for a given location-related data category produced by the
GBLS
position: 3-dimensional position or location
positioning: process of determining the position or location of a location target
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11 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
Precise Point Positioning (PPP): differential GNSS technique that uses a worldwide distributed network of reference
stations to provide, in quasi real time, a highly accurate geodetic positioning of a receiver
Protection Level (PL): upper bound to the positioning error such that the probability: P(ε > PL) < I , where I is the
risk risk
integrity risk and ε is the position error
NOTE: The protection level is provided by the location system, and with the integrity risk, is one of the two
sub-features of the integrity system.
pseudorange: pseudo distance between a satellite and a navigation receiver computed by multiplying the propagation
delay determined by the receiver with the speed of light
Pseudorange Correction (PRC): simple difference between a pseudorange measured by a GNSS reference station, set
at a known location and the estimated range between the satellite and this known location
Real Time Kinematic (RTK): particular Differential GNSS technique that provides, in real time, highly accurate
positioning of a target based on carrier phase measurements
spoofer: device or system that generates false GNSS signals intended to deceive location processing into reporting false
location or timing target data
spoofing: transmission of signals intended to deceive location or timing processing into reporting false location or
timing target data
target: See location target
time-to-alert: time from when an unsafe integrity condition occurs to when an alerting message reaches the user
WGS84: reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning System
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI TS 103 246-1 [1] apply.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI TS 103 246-1 [1] and the following apply:
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
A-GNSS Assisted GNSS
AT Along-Track
BDS BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
CL Confidence Level
CT Cross-Track
DGE Data Gathering Equipment
D-GNSS Differential GNSS
DUT Device Under Test
ENU East/North/Up reference frame
EN East/North reference frame
E-UTRA Evolved - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
FFS For Further Study
GBLS GNSS Based Location System
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (Russian based system)
GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Centre
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS Global Positioning System
GSG GNSS Signal Generator
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HPE Horizontal Positioning Error
HPL Horizontal Protection Level
IP Implementation Profile
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
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12 ETSI TS 103 246-5 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
LoS Line of Sight
LPP LTE Positioning Protocol
LPPe LTE Positioning Protocol extension
LTE Long-Term Evolution
n/a not applicable
PL Protection Level
PRC PseudoRange Correction
PVT Position, Velocity and Time
RF Radio Frequency
RTK Real Time Kinematic
SMLC Serving Mobile Location Centre
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
TBD To Be Defined
TTFA Time-To-Fix Ambiguity(ies)
TTFF Time-To-First-Fix
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access ®
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
4 General
4.1 GBLS Performance Features
Clauses 6 to 13 define the test procedures required to test conformance with the Performance Features defined in ETSI
TS 103 246-3 [3].
These Features are:
1) Horizontal Position Accuracy.
2) Vertical Position Accuracy.
3) Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF).
4) Position Authenticity.
5) Robustness to Interference.
6) GNSS Sensitivity.
7) Position Integrity (Protection Level).
8) Position day-to-day repeatability (in the Horizontal Plane and in the Vertical Plane.
9) Time-To-Fix Ambiguity (TTFA).
NOTE: The test procedure for the feature "GNSS Time Accuracy" defined in ETSI TS 103 246-3 [3] is FFS.
The tests specified are of a complete GBLS, considered as "Black Box" i.e. the tests are made at outputs of the system
in response to stimuli applied at the inputs. The tests are defined for laboratory testing only, and not in the "field".
4.2 Conformance Test Statistics
Performance requirements in ETSI TS 103 246-3 [3] are expressed either as a single value or, when it has a statistical
nature, as a success rate.
When testing a parameter with a statistical nature, a confidence level is set in the conformance test defined herein which
establishes the probability that the GBLS passing the test meets the requirement and determines how many times a test
has to be repeated.
ETSI
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