ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);Transmission characteristics Part 2: UWB mitigation techniques

DTR/ERM-TGUWB-007-2

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Jun-2014
• Technical Committee: ERM TGUWB - Ultra Wide Band
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 23-Jun-2014
• Completion Date: 30-Jun-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);
Transmission characteristics
Part 2: UWB mitigation techniques

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2 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)



Reference
DTR/ERM-TGUWB-007-2
Keywords
DAA, radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
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3 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Definitions . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 12
4 Overview of UWB Applications and Regulation in ECC/EC . 13
4.1 Summary of UWB application defined in Europe . 13
4.2 Summary of mitigation techniques allowed for UWB applications . 16
5 Active Mitigation Techniques . 18
5.1 Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 19
5.1.1 General description . 19
5.1.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 19
5.1.2.1 Building material analysis (BMA) . 19
5.1.2.2 Material Sensing devices other than BMA (e.g. ODC) . 22
5.2 Detect and Avoid (DAA) . 25
5.2.1 General description . 25
5.2.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 30
5.2.2.1 Non-specific applications . 30
5.2.2.2 Location tracking type 1 (LT1) . 30
5.2.2.3 Location tracking type 2 (LT2) . 30
5.2.2.4 Location Application for emergency Services (LAES) . 31
5.2.2.5 Automotive and Railway . 31
5.3 Total (or Transmitter) Power Control (TPC) . 31
5.3.1 General description . 31
5.3.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 32
5.3.2.1 Material Sensing Devices other than BMA (fixed installations only) . 32
5.3.2.2 Level probing radars . 33
5.3.2.3 Automotive and railway . 33
5.4 Difference between DAA and TPC . 34
6 Passive Mitigation Techniques . 36
6.1 Low Duty Cycle (LDC) . 36
6.1.1 General description . 36
6.1.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 37
6.1.2.1 Generic UWB usage . 37
6.1.2.2 Location tracking equipment . 38
6.1.2.3 Automotive and railway vehicles . 38
6.1.2.4 Material Sensing Devices other than BMA . 38
6.1.2.5 Tank level probing radar . 39
6.1.2.6 Level Probing Radars . 39
6.1.2.7 Trading LDC against transmitted power . 40
6.2 Radiation pattern mitigations . 41
6.2.1 Total Radiated Power (TRP) . 41
6.2.1.1 General description . 41
6.2.1.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 43
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4 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
6.2.1.2.1 Material Sensing Devices other than BMA, non-fixed installations . 43
6.2.1.2.2 Building Material Analysis . 43
6.2.2 Restrictions on angular sectors of radiation . 44
6.2.2.1 General description . 44
6.2.2.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 44
6.2.2.2.1 Automotive and railway . 44
6.2.2.2.2 Location Tracking Type 2 (LT2, fixed outdoor installation only) . 46
6.2.2.2.3 Material Sensing Devices (fixed installations only) . 46
6.2.3 Shielding . 48
6.2.3.1 General description . 48
6.2.3.2 Technical parameters and implementation in ECC/EC regulation . 48
6.2.3.2.1 Tank Level Probing Radars (LPR) . 48
6.2.3.2.2 Automotive and Railway . 48
Annex A: Quantitative analysis for the technique of trading LDC against transmitted power . 52
A.1 Executive summary . 52
A.2 Introduction: trading LDC against transmitted power . 53
A.3 Basic assumptions . 54
A.3.1 Definitions and terms . 54
A.3.2 Analyzed scenarios . 54
A.4 Single interferer scenario analysis . 55
A.4.1 Fundamental remarks: benefits implied by a linear trading of duty cycle against transmitted power . 55
A.4.2 High level description of the mathematical model used for evaluating LDC trading versus P in the
tx
single interferer scenario . 59
A.4.3 Simulations results of trading LDC against TX power in single interferer scenario . 60
A.4.4 Conclusion about single interferer scenario . 62
A.5 Aggregated scenario analysis . 63
A.5.1 Introduction . 63
A.5.2 High level description of the mathematical model used for evaluating LDC versus P trading in the
tx
aggregated interferer scenario . 65
A.5.3 Simulation results and analysis in high density scenario (grid) . 66
A.5.4 Simulation results and analysis in lower density scenario (rings) . 67
A.5.5 Conclusions for aggregated interferer scenario . 69
Annex B: Details on the mathematical models used for the evaluation of trading LDC against
transmitted power . 70
B.1 Mathematical model for the single interferer scenario . 70
B.1.1 Model of interference between a single jammer transmission and a generic victim service . 70
B.1.2 Validation of the model: matching and comparison with results of JRC report . 71
B.2 Mathematical model for the aggregated scenario . 75
B.2.1 Criterion for the evaluation of the trading of PSD against the LDC in an aggregated scenario . 75
B.2.1 High density and low density aggregated scenarios . 77
History . 79

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Transmission characteristics, as identified
below:
Part 1: "Signal characteristics";
Part 2: "UWB mitigation techniques".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Ultra Wideband technology (UWB) provides a very flexible technology for many fields of applications, like sensors,
radars, short range telecommunications, etc.
The main characteristic of an UWB transmission is its very high bandwidth (greater than 50 MHz in ECC countries),
combined with the capability to generating signals with reduced power consumption at the transmitter. This enables a
variety of new applications, such that low power is required with very high bandwidth.
Due to its very large bandwidth, an UWB application should limit emissions in other bands, which may interfere with
other applications. Therefore trade-offs between the transmitter power levels required by the intended UWB application
and the low level of emissions that may be received by potential victim applications, without jeopardizing them, needs
to be carefully assessed.
A way for increasing flexibility in designing UWB application, allowing higher power level of transmitted power and
preventing at the same time harmful interference on other bands, are the so called mitigation techniques.
A mitigation technique is a limitation imposed over specific transmissions characteristics (e.g. duty cycle, special rules
for accessing the medium, limitation of the radiated pattern within specific angular sectors, etc.), under which adoption
the transmission may be enabled or the transmitted power levels may be increased.
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6 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
There are two different kinds of usage of mitigation techniques in EU standards: a mitigation may be imposed as a
mandatory requirement or it may be allowed as an optional requirement. When a mitigation is used as a mandatory
requirement, a device is allowed to operate only if it adopts that mitigation; when a mitigation is used as an optional
requirement, devices using the mitigation are allowed to increase the emitted power limits with respect to devices not
using any mitigation. In UWB standards there are examples of both these usage.
In the present document a summary of the mitigation techniques allowed for UWB, classified by kinds of application
and range of frequency, is presented.
The present document presents a summary of the different UWB applications covered by current ETSI standards. Then,
starting from this summary, the different mitigation techniques are described and for each of the listed applications, the
related technical parameters implemented in ETSI standards or EC and ECC regulations are reported.
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7 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
1 Scope
The present document summarizes the requirements for different mitigation techniques adopted by Ultra Wide Band
(UWB) applications.
Covered mitigation techniques are Listen Before Talk (LBT), Detect and Avoid (DAA), Transmitter Power Control
(TPC), Low Duty Cycle (LDC), Radiation Power Limitation like Total Radiated Power limits (TRP), Exterior Limit,
restrictions on e.i.r.p. over predefined angular sectors and shielding.
Additional information is given in the following annexes:
• Quantitative analysis for the technique of trading LDC against transmitted power (Annex A).
• Details on the mathematical models used for the evaluation of trading LDC against transmitted power
(Annex B).
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] EU Commission Decision 2009/343/EC 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on
allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a
harmonised manner in the Community.
[i.2] EU Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the
Community.
[i.3] ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 on the harmonized conditions for devices using Ultra-Wideband
(UWB) technology in bands below 10.6 GHz, amended 9 December 2011 (ECC/DEC/(06)04).
[i.4] ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA) devices using UWB
technology (ECC/DEC/(07)01).
[i.5] ECC Report 064: "The protection requirements of radiocommunications systems below 10.6 GHz
from generic UWB applications", Helsinki, February 2005.
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8 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
[i.6] ECC Report 120: "Technical requirements for UWB DAA (Detect and Avoid) devices to ensure
the protection of radiolocation services in the bands 3.1 - 3.4 GHz and 8.5 - 9 GHz and BWA
terminals in the band 3.4 - 4.2 GHz", Kristiansand, June 2008.
[i.7] ECC Report 123: "The impact of object discrimination and characterization (ODC) applications
using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology on radio services", Vilnius, September 2008.
[i.8] ECC Report 170: "Specific UWB applications in the bands 3.4 - 4.8 GHz and 6 - 8.5 GHz
Location Tracking Applications for Emergency Services (LAES), location tracking applications
type 2 (LT2) and location tracking and sensor Applications for automotive and transportation
environments (LTA)", Tallinn, October, 2011.
[i.9] CEPT Report 010: Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on
UWB Specific Applications, Final Report on July 2006.
[i.10] CEPT Report 009: Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on
Harmonise radio spectrum use for Ultra-Wideband Systems in the European Union, Final Report
on 28 October 2005.
[i.11] CEPT Report 45: Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Fifth
Mandate to CEPT on ultra-wideband technology to clarify the technical parameters in view of a
potential update of Commission Decision 2007/131/EC, Final Report on 28 October 2005.
[i.12] ETSI TS 102 883 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[i.13] ETSI TS 103 060 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Method for a harmonized definition of Duty Cycle Template
(DCT) transmission as a passive mitigation technique used by short range devices and related
conformance test methods".
[i.14] ETSI TS 102 754 (V1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics of Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation
techniques for SRD equipment using Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology".
[i.15] ETSI TR 103 181-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);Transmission characteristics
Part 1: Signal characteristics".
[i.16] ETSI TR 103 086 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Conformance test procedure for the exterior limit tests in
EN 302 065-3 UWB applications in the ground based vehicle environment".
[i.17] ETSI TR 102 495-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document Part 1: Building material analysis and
classification applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz".
[i.18] ETSI TR 102 495-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document; Part 2: Object Discrimination and
Characterization (ODC) applications for power tool devices operating in the frequency band of
2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.19] ETSI EN 302 435 (parts 1 and 2) (V.1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment
applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.20] ETSI EN 302 066 (parts 1 and 2) (V.1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
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9 ETSI TR 103 181-2 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
[i.21] ETSI EN 302 498 (parts 1 and 2) (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Object Discrimination and Characterization Applications for
power tool devices operating in the requency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.22] ETSI EN 300 328 (V.1.8.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band
and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.23] ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V.1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 1: Requirements
for Generic UWB applications".
[i.24] ETSI EN 302 065-2 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 2: Requirements
for UWB location tracking".
[i.25] ETSI EN 302 065-3 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 3: Requirements
for UWB devices for road and rail vehicles".
[i.26] ETSI EN 302 729 (all parts) (V1.1.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR) equipment operating in the
frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to
85 GHz".
[i.27] ETSI EN 302 372 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level
Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and
77 GHz".
[i.28] Recommendation ITU-R P.526-10: "Propagation by diffraction".
[i.29] Recommendation ITU-R P 679-1: "Propagation data required for the design of broadcasting-
satellite systems".
[i.30] Recommendation ITU-R RA 769-2: "Protection criteria used for radio astronomical
measurements
...