ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)

Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Measurements and modelling of SmartBAN Radio Frequency (RF) environment

RTR/SmartBAN-0020

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: SmartBAN - Smart Body Area Network
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 29-Jun-2021
• Completion Date: 10-Jun-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN);
Measurements and modelling of SmartBAN
Radio Frequency (RF) environment

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2 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
Reference
RTR/SmartBAN-0020
Keywords
MAC, measurement, network
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3 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Introduction and Background . 11
5 Coexistence . 11
5.0 Introduction . 11
5.1 Bands . 12
6 Measurements . 12
6.1 Background & Motivation . 12
6.2 Spectrum Occupancy Evaluations (SOEs) . 13
6.3 Measurement Campaigns . 15
6.3.0 Introduction. 15
6.3.1 Measurement campaigns in Oulu, Finland . 15
6.3.1.0 Introduction . 15
6.3.1.1 Daily Surgery SOEs (Campaign 1) . 15
6.3.1.2 Accident & Emergency Ward SOEs (Campaign 2) . 25
6.3.1.3 X-Ray & Radiology Ward SOEs (Campaign 3). 31
6.3.2 Analytical Stochastic Model for Spectrum Occupancy . 33
6.3.3 Extracting Mathematical Interference model . 36
6.3.4 Measurement Campaigns in Florence, Italy . 39
6.3.4.0 Introduction . 39
6.3.4.1 Occupancy . 40
6.3.4.1.0 Introduction . 40
6.3.4.1.1 Percentiles . 41
6.3.4.2 PDF . 42
6.3.4.3 Interference as a function of time and frequency . 43
6.3.4.4 Parameters characterizing the distribution . 44
6.3.4.5 Home and office environments . 44
6.3.4.6 Extract the mathematical model . 47
6.3.4.6.0 Introduction . 47
6.3.4.6.1 First results of CNIT-UNIFI . 47
6.4 Statistical model of the interference . 55
6.4.0 Introduction. 55
6.4.1 Cluster dimension . 56
6.4.2 Inter-arrival time . 57
6.4.3 Interfering cluster amplitude . 60
6.4.4 Conclusions. 62
6.5 Extracting the mathematical model of the interference . 62
6.6 Further investigations: a more accurate statistical model of the interference . 71
6.6.0 Introduction. 71
6.6.1 Accurate statistical models of the interference . 71
6.6.1.0 Introduction . 71
6.6.1.1 Time–Frequency Statistical Model of the Interference . 72
6.6.1.2 Cluster-Based Statistical Model of the Interference . 74
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
7 SmartBAN communication system simulator . 76
7.0 Introduction . 76
7.1 Getting started . 76
7.2 Simulator model . 80
7.2.0 Introduction. 80
7.2.1 Node. 80
7.3 Hub . 80
7.3.0 Introduction. 80
7.3.1 Simulation parameters . 81
7.4 PHY layer . 82
7.4.0 Introduction. 82
7.4.1 PHY transmitter . 82
7.4.2 Channel, interference and noise . 83
7.4.2.0 Introduction . 83
7.4.2.1 Interference . 83
7.4.3 PHY receiver . 84
7.5 MAC - Frame retransmission . 85
7.6 Verification results . 87
8 Simulation results . 87
8.0 Introduction . 87
8.1 Simulation parameters . 88
8.2 AWGN channel . 88
8.3 Fading channel . 90
8.4 Fading channel and interference . 92
8.5 Discussion . 94
Annex A: Spatial Sample Clustering Algorithm . 95
History . 98

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the state-of-the-art and the future investigations on coexistence for allowing Smart
Body Area Network (SmartBAN) devices to properly work and co-operate in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical
(ISM) band. Interference appears to be one of the major threats as well as coexistence with other existing systems
radiating in the same portion of the frequency spectrum. The present document describes the coexistence measurements
and analysis that need to be considered in order to specify the requirements for the SmartBAN compatible devices.

Figure 0: Scope of a SmartBAN
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 103 326 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): "Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Enhanced
Ultra-Low Power Physical Layer".
[i.2] Void.
[i.3] IEEE 802.11™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
[i.4] Valenta, V. (2010): "Survey on spectrum utilization in Europe: Measurements, analyses and
th
observations", 5 International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks
Communications.
[i.5] ITU-R (2011): "ITU-R handbook for spectrum monitoring".
[i.6] Recommendation ITU-R SM.2256: "Spectrum occupancy measurements and evaluation".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.2180 (2010): "Impact of ISM equipment on radio communication
services".
[i.8] Vuohtoniemi R.,Virk M. H., Hämäläinen M., Iinatti J., & Mäkela J.-P. (2015): "Stochastic Spectral
th
International
Occupancy Modeling: A Body Area Network Perspective in ISM Band", 9
Symposium on Medical Information & Communication Technology (ISMICT). Kamakura, Japan.
[i.9] J. J. Lehtomäki, e. a. (2012): "Energy detection based estimation of channel occupancy rate with
adaptive noise estimation", IEICE Transactions on Communications.
[i.10] Virk M. H., Vuohtoniemi R., Hämäläinen M., Iinatti J., & Mäkela J.-P. (2014): "Spectrum
Occupancy Evaluations at 2.35-2.50 GHz ISM Band in a Hospital Environment", International
Conference on Body Area Networks (BodyNets'14). London, UK.
[i.11] ETSI TS 103 325 (2015): "Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Low Complexity Medium
Access Control (MAC) for SmartBAN".
[i.12] MATLAB, Product help, R2011b.
[i.13] Yazdandoost K.Y. and Sayrafian-Pour K.: "Channel Model for Body Area Network (BAN)" IEEE
P802.15-08-0780-09-0006, 2009.
[i.14] Proakis J.G.: "Digital Communications", McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[i.15] Griffin A.: "Coding CPFSK for Differential Demodulation", University of Canterbury
Christchurch, New Zealand, 2000.
[i.16] IEEE 802.15.6™ (2012): "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks -- Part 15.6:
Wireless Body Area Networks".
[i.17] Rahman M., Elbadry M. and Harjani R.: "An IEEE 802.15.6 Standard Compliant 2.5 nJ/Bit
Multiband WBAN Transmitter Using Phase Multiplexing and Injection Locking" IEEE Journal of
Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 50, No. 5, May 2015, pp. 1126 -1136.
[i.18] L. Mucchi, R. Vuohtoniemi, H. Virk, A. Conti , Matti Hämäläinen, Jari Iinatti, and Moe Z. Win:
"Spectrum Occupancy and Interference Model Based on Network Experimentation in Hospital", in
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 5666-5675, September 2020,
doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.2995116.
[i.19] P. C. Pinto and M. Z. Win, "Communication in a Poisson field of interferers-Part I: Interference
distribution and error probability" in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no.
7, pp. 2176-2186, July 2010.
[i.20] M. Z. Win and P. C. Pinto: "Communication in a Poisson field of interferers-Part II: Channel
capacity and interference spectrum" in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9,
no. 7, pp. 2187-2195, July 2010.
[i.21] P. C. Pinto, A. Giorgetti, M. Z. Win, and M. Chiani: "A stochastic geometry approach to
coexistence in heterogeneous wireless networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1268-1282, September 2009.
[i.22] A. Rabbachin, A. Conti, and M. Z. Win: "Wireless network intrinsic secrecy", IEEE/ACM
Transactions on Networking, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 56-69, February 2015.
[i.23] M. Win, A. Rabbachin, J. Lee, and A. Conti: "Cognitive network secrecy with interference
engineering", IEEE Network, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 86-90, September 2014.
ETSI

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8 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
[i.24] H. ElSawy, A. Sultan-Salem, M.-S. Alouini, and M. Z. Win: "Modeling and analysis of cellular
networks using stochastic geometry: A tutorial", IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,
st
Quart., 2017.
vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 167-203, 1
[i.25] G. E. P. Box, G. M. Jenkins, G. C. Reinsel, and G. M. Ljung, Time Series Analysis: "Forecasting
th
and Control", 5 ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2015.
[i.26] J. Lin: "Divergence measures based on the Shannon entropy", IEEE Transactions on Information.
Theory, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 145-151, January 1991.
[i.27] M. Sheppard. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. March 11, 2019.
NOTE: Available at FBD - "Find the Best Distribution" tool.
nd
[i.28] K. Krishnamoorthy, Handbook of Statistical Distributions With Applications, 2 edition. Boca
Raton, FL, USA: CRC, Press, 2016.
[i.29] F. Zabini and A. Conti: "Inhomogeneous Poisson Sampling of Finite-Energy Signals With
Uncertainties in Rd", IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, vol. 64, iss. 18, pp. 4679-4694,
2016.
[i.30] IEEE 802.11b™: "IEEE Standard for Information Technology -- Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems - Local and Metropolitan networks -- Specific
requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: Higher Speed Physical Layer (PHY) Extension in the 2.4 GHz band".
[i.31] IEEE 802.11g™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology -- Local and metropolitan area
networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Further Higher Data Rate Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band".
[i.32] IEEE 802.11n™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology -- Local and metropolitan area
networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
C Channel Number
.
� , E() Expected Value
�
f Centre Frequency
c
H Null hypothesis
0
H Alternative Hypothesis
1
i Channel Identifier
K Number of Samples Collected from the Band in One Sweep
k Shape Parameter
�
� Maximized Value Of Likelihood Function
n Number of Samples Collected in the Channel
� Observed Value
�
��� Probability of False Alarm
���
�(� (�)) Sample Power j at Channel i
�
T Number of Sweeps
� Threshold for Consecutive Mean Excision
���
t Time
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9 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
X Sample Space
α Significance Level
Γ() Gamma Function
� Arrival Rate
� Location Parameter
� Scale Parameter
� Noise Threshold
� shape parameter
σk The log-normal variance of the measured data between path loss and K-factor
σ The log-normal variance in dB around the mean, representing the variations measured at different
p
body and room locations.
NOTE: This parameter will depend on variations in the body curvature, tissue properties and antenna radiation
properties at different body locations.
E /N Energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio
b 0
h Modulation index
I Implementation losses in dB
dB
K The fit with measurement data for the K-factor for low path loss
0
K K factor of Ricean distribution in dB
dB
L Pulse length
L Length of slot
slot
m Numerator of modulation index
m The average decay rate in dB/cm for the surface wave travelling around the perimeter of the body
0
m The slope of the linear correlation between path loss and K-factor
k
M M-ary number
NF Noise Figure in dB
dB
n Zero mean and unit variance Gaussian random variable
k
n Zero mean and unit variance Gaussian random variable
p
p Denominator of modulation index
P The average loss close to the antenna
0
P The average attenuation of components in an indoor environment radiated away from the body and
1
reflected back towards the receiving antenna
P Bit error probability
b
PL Path loss in dB
dB
PPDU Times of PPDU repetition
rep
Q( ) Q function
R Data rate
S Receiver sensitivity
dBm
T T /L
min s slot
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACK ACKnowledgement
AIC Akaike Information Criterion
ANL Average Noise Level
ARA Antenna Research Associate
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BAN Body Area Network
BCH Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem
BER Bit Error Rate
BIC Bayesian Information Criterion
®
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
BPF Bandpass Filter
®
BT Bluetooth
CCA Clear Channel Assessment
CCA-ED Clear Channel Assessment based on Energy Detection
CDF Cumulative Distribution Function
CM Channel Model
CO Channel Occupancy
ETSI

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10 ETSI TR 103 395 V1.1.2 (2021-06)
CSRR Clean Sample Rejection Rate
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
ED Energy Detection
EGC Equal Gain Combining
FBO Frequency Band Occupancy
FCME Forward Consecutive Mean Excision
FER Frame Error Rate
FH Frequency Hopping
GEV Generalized Extreme Value
GEVD Generalized Extreme Value Distribution
GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
HI High Interference
ICT Information and Communication Technology
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radio communication sector
JPG Joint Photographic experts Group
JSD Jensen-Shannon Divergence
KS Kolmogorov-Smirnov
LI Low Interference
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC Medium Access Control
MATLAB Matrix Laboratory
NOTE: A multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. A
TM
.
proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks
MC Measurement Campaign
Me
...