ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)

Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); Broadband Wireless Access and Backhauling for Remote Rural Communities

DTR/BRAN-0040010

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Jul-2015
• Technical Committee: BRAN - Broadband Radio Access Networks
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 24-Jul-2015
• Completion Date: 06-Jul-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN);
Broadband Wireless Access and Backhauling
for Remote Rural Communities

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2 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)



Reference
DTR/BRAN-0040010
Keywords
access, BWA
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3 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Technical scenarios and architecture . 9
4.1 Technical scenarios . 9
4.1.1 Introduction. 9
4.1.2 Traffic characteristics . 10
4.1.3 Deployment constraints . 10
4.2 Radio transport technologies . 10
4.2.1 Introduction. 10
4.2.2 WiLD (WiFi-based Long Distance) networks . 10
4.2.3 WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) . 11
4.2.4 VSAT . 11
4.3 Architecture example . 12
4.3.1 Overview . 12
4.3.2 Network Controller . 12
4.3.3 Access Network . 13
4.3.4 Satellite backhaul scenario . 13
5 Optimization and monitoring of HNB network. 13
5.1 Introduction . 13
5.1.1 Rural deployment scenarios for HNB . 13
5.1.2 Network self-configuration procedures . 14
5.1.2.1 Bounding coverage. 14
5.1.2.2 Detection of new neighbours. 14
5.1.2.3 Frequency and primary scrambling code selection . 15
5.1.3 Long-term traffic-aware self-optimization procedures . 15
5.1.4 Criteria for switching on/off HNBs . 15
5.1.5 Dynamic cell range expansion . 16
6 Interoperability of access and transport network . 16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Traffic offloading . 17
6.3 Network architectures and benefits of traffic offloading . 17
6.4 Implementations in 3GPP networks . 18
6.4.1 Offloading implementations complying with the 3GPP standard . 18
6.4.2 Non-standard offloading implementations: data traffic caching over satellite . 18
6.4.2.1 Introduction . 18
6.4.2.2 Content caching . 19
6.4.2.3 Content caching tests in Peru . 20
6.4.2.4 One VSAT working in a controlled environment . 20
6.4.2.5 Multiple VSATs . 21
6.5 Access network and backhaul interplay . 23
6.5.1 3GPP background . 23
6.5.2 Structure of the AN-BH interface . 24
6.5.3 Information requirement for AN algorithms . 25
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4 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
7 Backhaul aware scheduling . 26
7.1 Backhaul-aware scheduling with a single HNB . 26
7.1.1 Overview . 26
7.1.2 Downlink scheduling . 26
7.1.2.1 System description and assumptions . 26
7.1.2.2 Simulation results . 27
7.1.3 Uplink scheduling . 28
7.1.3.1 System description and assumptions . 28
7.1.3.2 Simulation results . 29
7.2 Backhaul aware scheduling with multiple HNBs . 30
7.2.1 Overview . 30
7.2.2 Resource allocation (rate, power and number of codes) for multiple HNBs . 31
7.2.3 Downlink resource allocation for multiple HNBs . 31
7.2.4 Uplink resource allocation for multiple HNBs . 33
7.3 Congestion Detection and Measurement . 34
7.3.1 Introduction. 34
7.3.2 Analysis of a deployment case . 34
7.3.2.1 Delay . 34
7.3.2.2 Frame loss . 35
8 Backhaul network . 36
8.1 Multi-hop solution for backhaul of rural 3G/4G access networks . 36
9 Interface between the Access Network and the Backhaul Network . 38
9.1 Interface overview: elements and procedures involved . 38
9.1.1 Introduction. 38
9.1.2 Architecture . 38
9.2 BH state information collection . 39
9.2.1 AN algorithms requirements . 39
9.3 Formal definition of the interface . 40
9.3.1 Background . 40
9.3.2 Service provided by the protocol . 40
9.3.3 Entities involved in the protocol . 40
9.3.4 Information exchanged between entities . 40
9.3.4.1 ACK Message . 40
9.3.4.2 Information Request Message . 40
9.3.4.3 Bandwidth Availability Request Message . 40
9.3.4.4 Information Indication Message. 41
9.3.5 Message format . 41
Annex A: Simulation methodology . 42
A.1 Introduction . 42
A.2 Reference scenario and simulation parameters . 42
A.3 Power consumption model and battery dynamics . 43
A.4 Energy harvesting model . 44
A.5 Daily traffic profile . 44
History . 47


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5 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks
(BRAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Broadband access for rural communities is one of the objectives of the European Commission. The EC FP7 project
ICT-601102 STP TUCAN3G, "Wireless technologies for isolated rural communities in developing countries based on
cellular 3G femtocell deployments" has addressed this problem and has provided a system design for deployments of
Telefonica in Peru.
The present document includes the main outcome of the project.
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6 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
1 Scope
The present document describes the architecture and implementation guidance for rural BWA based on 3G femto base
stations, and a variety of terrestrial and satellite backhaul solutions. The implementation guidance includes self-
optimization of physical layer parameters and recommendations for femto-to-femto and femto-to-backhaul interaction.
Additionally, deployment examples, at least for Peru, are included.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Lee K., Lee J., Yi Y., Rhee I. & Chong S.: "Mobile data offloading: how much can WiFi deliver?".
In Proceedings of the 6th International COnference (p. 26). ACM, November 2010.
[i.2] Lin Y., B. Gan, C. H. & Liang C. F.: "Reducing call routing cost for femtocells". IEEE
Transactions on Wireless Communications, pp. 2302-2309, vol. 9, no. 7, July 2010.
[i.3] Zdarsky F., A. Maeder, A. Al-Sabea, S. & Schmid S.: "Localization of data and control plane
traffic in enterprise femtocell networks". In Proceedings of the 73rd IEEE Conference on
Vehicular Technology (VTC Spring), pp. 1-5, May 2011.
[i.4] Khan M., F. Khan M. I. & Raahemifar K.: "Local IP Access (LIPA) enabled 3G and 4G femtocell
architectures". In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer
Engineering (CCECE), pp. 1049-1053, May 2011.
[i.5] Small Cell Forum Release Two documents.
NOTE: Available online at http://www.scf.io/en/index.php?utm_campaign=Release%2520Two.
[i.6] 3GPP TS 23.829: "3GPP; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Local IP
Access and Selected IP Traffic Offload (LIPA-SIPTO)" - Release 10.
[i.7] TUCAN3G D42: "Optimization and monitoring of HNB network", November 2014.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ict-tucan3g.eu/.
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7 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.8] TUCAN3G D41: "UMTS/HSPA network dimensioning", November 2013.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ict-tucan3g.eu/.
[i.9] TUCAN3G D51: "Technical requirements and evaluation of WiLD, WIMAX and VSAT for
backhauling rural femtocells networks", October 2013.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ict-tucan3g.eu/.
[i.10] TUCAN3G D52: "Heterogeneous transport network testbed deployed and validated in laboratory",
April 2014.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ict-tucan3g.eu/.
[i.11] Recommendation ITU-T G.114: "One way transmission time", May 2003.
[i.12] 3GPP TR 25.853: "Delay Budget within the access stratum".
[i.13] ETSI TS 125 467: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); UTRAN architecture
for 3G Home Node B (HNB); Stage 2 (3GPP TS 25.467)".
[i.14] ETSI TS 123 207: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) concept and
architecture (3GPP TS 23.207 version 6.6.0 Release 6)".
[i.15] ETSI TS 125 444: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Iuh data transport
(3GPP TS 25.444 version 11.0.0 Release 11)".
[i.16] ETSI TS 133 320: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Security of
Home Node B (HNB) / Home evolved Node B (HeNB) (3GPP TS 33.320 version 12.1.0
Release 12)".
[i.17] IEEE 802.11™: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.18] IEEE 802.16™: "IEEE Standard for Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems".
[i.19] TUCAN3G D43: "Interoperability of access and transport network", April 2013.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ict-tucan3g.eu/.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
heterogeneous network: network consisting of cells with different sized coverage areas, possibly overlapping and
possibly of different wireless technologies
Location Area Code (LAC): code to group cells together for circuit-switched mobility purposes
WiFi™: Technology based on IEEE 802.11 [i.17] standard.
WiMAX™: Technology based on IEEE 802.16 [i.18] standard.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ABI Access-Backhaul interface
AC Access Controller
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8 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
ACK Acknowledgement
ADSL Asymetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AN Access Network
ATM Asynchroneous Transfer Mode
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BH Backhaul
BS Base Station
BWA Broadband Wireless Access
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CRE Cell Range Extension
CRL Certificate Revocation List
CS Circuit Switched
DivServ Differential Services
DL Downlink
DNS Domain Name System
DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point
ECM EPS Connection Management
eNB Evolved Node B
EPC Evolved Packet Core
EPS Evolved Packet System
Er Erlang
E-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
FCAP Frequency and Code Assignment Problem
GCP Graph Colouring Problem
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
GGSN Gateway GPRS Service Node
GPS Global Position System
GW Gateway
HetNet Heterogeneous Network
HMS HNB Management System
HNB Home Node B
HNB-GW Home Node B Gateway
HNBAP HNB Application Protocol
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
IP Internet Protocol
IPsec IP security scheme
ISP Internet Service Provider
Iuh Iu home
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LAC Location Area Code
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LIPA Local IP Access
LTE Long Term Evolution
MDT Minimization Drive Tests
MEO Medium Earth Orbit
MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching
NCell Neighbour Cell
NCL Neighbour Cell List
NOS Network Orchestration System
NP Non Polynomial
NRT Neighbour Routing Table
NTP Network Time Protocol
NWL Network Listen
OPC Optimal Power and Code allocation
OPEX Operational Expenditure
PCI Physical Cell Identity (LTE equivalent of the 3G PSC)
P-CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel
PDP Packet Data Protocol
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9 ETSI TR 103 293 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
PF Proportional Fair
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PM Performance Management
PS Packet Switched
PSC Primary scrambling code
QoS Quality of Service
RAC Routing Area Code
NOTE: Code to group cells together for packet-switched mobility purposes. Routing Areas are contained within
Location Areas.
RACH Random Access Channel
RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part
RAT Radio Access Technology
RF Radio Frequency
RRC Radio Resource Control
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication - Power level received at the antenna
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
RTP Real Time Protocol
RTT Round Trip delay Time
RUA RANAP User Adaption
SF Spreading Factor
SIB System Information Block
SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio
SIP Session Initiated Protocol
SIPTO Selected IP Traffic Offload
SON Self-Organizing Networks
SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
STP Specific Targeted Research Project
SW Software
TNL Transport Network Layer
TTI Time Transmission Interval
UARFCN UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WiLD Long distance WiFi
4 Technical scenarios and architecture
4.1 Technical scenarios
4.1.1 Introduction
The scenarios regarded in the present document are rural areas that are far away from well-connected places. Rural
femtocells may be deployed in remote villages, and the mission of the transport network is to connect those femtocells
to the operator's core network. It is assumed that the transport network uses wireless technologies to cover distances of
tens or even hundreds of kilometres. In most of the scenarios, several hops will be required, and a common transport
infrastructure will be used to serve several villages. Several femtocells will be deployed in each village.
The use of satellite communications is considered for scenarios that need to cover extremely long distances between the
operator's core network and the access network; more details will be given below. For the rest of the cases, and even for
the connection of several femtos to a common satellite communications gateway, a combination of WiFi and WiMAX
will be explored. This does not mean that other alternatives may not be used.
Both share a common objective of proposing low-cost appropriate technologies that may help operators to provide
access to sparsely populated remote villages. In the case of the transport network, the technologies considered are
relatively cheap, may be used in non-licensed bands, have a low power consumption profile, may provide broadband
data transport services and may support QoS at a certain level. However, other professional solutions commonly used as
backhaul for small cells can be considered.
ETSI
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