ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE algorithm set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*; Document 1: General (3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9)

RTS/TSGS-0335205v900

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Feb-2010
• Technical Committee: 3GPP SA 3 - Security
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Completion Date: 09-Feb-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
Technical Specification

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
LTE;
3G Security;
Specification of the MILENAGE algorithm set:
An example algorithm set for the 3GPP authentication and
key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*;
Document 1: General
(3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9)

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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 1 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)



Reference
RTS/TSGS-0335205v900
Keywords
LTE, SECURITY, UMTS
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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 2 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or
GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables.
The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under
http://webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp.
ETSI

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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 3 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Foreword . 2
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
3 Abbreviations . 6
4 Structure of this report . 7
5 Background to the 3GPP Authentication and Key Generation algorithms . 7
6 SAGE 3GPP AF TF work plan . 7
7 Outline of algorithm requirements specification . 8
7.1 The authentication and key generation functions . 8
7.2 Use of the algorithms on the AuC side . 8
7.3 Use of the algorithms in the USIM . 9
7.4 Use of the algorithms for resynchronisation in the USIM . 9
7.5 Use of the algorithms for resynchronisation in the HLR/AuC . 9
7.6 Implementation aspects . 9
7.7 Generic requirements for 3GPP cryptographic functions and algorithms . 10
7.8 Subsequent requirements on the authentication and key generation functions. 10
8 Algorithms design . 11
8.1 Design criteria . 11
8.2 Chosen design for the framework . 11
8.3 Analysis of the role of OP and OPc . 12
8.4 Choice of kernel . 12
8.5 Design methodology. 12
8.6 Specification and test data . 13
9 Algorithm evaluation . 13
9.1 Evaluation criteria . 13
9.2 Mathematical Evaluation of the modes . 13
9.3 Statistical Evaluation . 13
9.4 Side channel attacks evaluation . 14
9.5 Complexity evaluation . 14
9.6 Evaluation report . 14
10 Release of algorithm specification and test data by SAGE . 14
10.1 SAGE 3GPP AF TF approval for release . 14
10.2 Publication of the algorithm set specification . 14
10.3 Export of the algorithm set specification . 14
Annex A (informative): Change history . 15
History . 16

ETSI

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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 4 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
Foreword
rd
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
Introduction
This document has been prepared by the 3GPP Task Force, and contains an example set of algorithms which may be
used as the authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*. (It is not mandatory that the
particular algorithms specified in this document are used — all seven functions are operator-specifiable rather than
being fully standardised). This document is one five, which between them form the entire specification of the example
algorithms, entitled:
- 3GPP TS 35.205: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System
Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP
authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*;
Document 1: General".
- 3GPP TS 35.206: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System
Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP
authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*;
Document 2: Algorithm Specification".
- 3GPP TS 35.207: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System
Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP
authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*;
Document 3: Implementors' Test Data".
- 3GPP TS 35.208: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System
Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP
authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*;
Document 4: Design Conformance Test Data".
- 3GPP TR 35.909: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System
Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example algorithm set for the 3GPP
authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*;
Document 5: Summary and results of design and evaluation".
ETSI

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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 5 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
1 Scope
This report is a description of the work undertaken by an ETSI SAGE Task Force on the design of the Milenage
Algorithm Set: an example set of 3GPP Authentication and Key Generation Functions.
The 3GPP Authentication and Key Generation Functions are not standardized. An example set of these algorithms has
been produced on request from 3GPP with the intent that it shall be offered to the UMTS operators, to utilise instead of
developing their own. An ETSI SAGE Task Force has carried out this work.
The requirement specification from 3GPP SA3 stated that operator personalisation of the example set must be possible
and that the basic kernel must be possible to replace.
The example set is based on the block cipher Rijndael, which at the time was one of the AES candidates and the
specification describes how the 7 algorithms used in 3GPP authentication and key generation are scheduled around this
basic kernel. The specification and associated test data for the example algorithm set is documented in three documents:
- A formal specification of both the modes and the example kernel [3]
- A detailed test data document, covering modes and the example kernel [4]
- A "black box" test data document [5]
A detailed summary of the evaluation is provided in a public evaluation report [6]
This report gives an overview of the overall work by the task force.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] 3GPP TS 33.102 v3.5.0: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Services and System Aspects; 3G Security; Security Architecture".
[2] 3GPP TS 33.105 v3.4.0: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Services and System Aspects; 3G Security; Cryptographic Algorithm Requirements".
[3] 3GPP TS 35.206: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services
and System Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example
algorithm set for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and
f5*; Document 2: Algorithm Specification".
[4] 3GPP TS 35.207: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services
and System Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example
algorithm set for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and
f5*; Document 3: Implementors' Test Data".
[5] 3GPP TS 35.208: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services
and System Aspects; 3G Security; Specification of the MILENAGE Algorithm Set: An example
algorithm set for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and
f5*; Document 4: Design Conformance Test Data".
ETSI

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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 6 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
[6] ETSI SAGE 3GPP AF TF: "Report on the design and evaluation of 3GPP Authentication and Key
Generation Functions".
[7] 3GPP TSG SA WG3 liaison statement to SAGE (S3-000089): "Authentication algorithm for
3GPP".
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present report, the following abbreviations apply:
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AMF Authentication Management Field
AK Anonymity key
AuC Authentication Centre
AUTS Re-synchronisation Token
CK Cipher Key
DPA Differential Power Analysis
E(X) Encryption of X under key K
K
IK Integrity Key
K Subscriber key
MAC Message Authentication Code
MAC-A Network Authentication Code
MAC-S Resynchronisation Authentication Code
OP a 128-bit Operator Variant Algorithm Configuration Field that is a component of the functions f1,
f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*
OP a 128-bit value derived from OP and K and used within the computations of the functions f1, f1*,
C
f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*.
OFB Output Feedback
RAND Random Challenge
RES Response to Challenge
RNC Radio Network Controller
SAGE Security Algorithms Group of Experts
SAGE 3GPP AF TF
SAGE Task Force for the design of the 3GPP Authentication and Key Agreement Functions
SQN Sequence Number
SPA Simple Power Analysis
TA Timing Attack
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
USIM User Services Identity Module

ETSI

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3GPP TS 35.205 version 9.0.0 Release 9 7 ETSI TS 135 205 V9.0.0 (2010-02)
4 Structure of this report
The material presented in this report is organised in the subsequent clauses, as follows:
- clause 5 provides background information on the Authentication and Key Generation algorithms;
- clause 6 provides an outline of the work plan adopted by the SAGE Task Force to design and evaluate the
example algorithm set and to produce the associated test data for release to 3GPP;
- clause 7 consists of a summary of the main points in the algorithm requirements specification produced by 3GPP
TSG SA ;
- clause 8 describes how the SAGE Task Force designed the algorithm and produced the specification and
associated test data;
- clause 9 gives an overview of the evaluation work carried out by the SAGE Task Force and the conclusions of
the evaluations;
- clause 10 gives statements on the task force procedure for approval and release of the specification and the
considerations for publication and export control.
5 Background to the 3GPP Authentication and Key
Generation algorithms
Within the mobile communication system UMTS specified by 3GPP there is a need to provide security features. These
security features are realised with the use of cryptographic functions and algorithms. In total 3GPP identified the need
for 9 cryptographic algorithms and functions (ref. [1]). Two of these, f8 and f9, for cipher and integrity protection of the
3GPP radio interface have already been developed and are now part of the 3GPP standard specifications.
It was decided that the algorithms for authentication and key generation should not be standardised as they can well be
proprietary to each operator and by his own choice (just like in GSM). The context for these algorithms, called f1, f1*,
f2, f3, f4, f5, f5*, are described in ref. [1]. The generic requirements for these algorithms are specified in ref
...