ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)

Measurement Ontology for IP traffic (MOI); Report on information models for IP traffic measurement

DGS/MOI-0001

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-May-2010
• Technical Committee: MOI - Measurement Ontology for IP traffic
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 31-May-2010
• Completion Date: 21-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
Group Specification


Measurement Ontology for IP traffic (MOI);
Report on information models for IP traffic measurement

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2 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)



Reference
DGS/MOI-0001
Keywords
IP, traffic, ontology, information model
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3 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Working Groups and Metrics for Network Measurements . 10
4.1 Network Data Representation Models from IETF . 10
4.1.1 IPFIX (IP Flow Information Export Charter) . 10
4.1.2 PSAMP (Packet Sampling) . 11
4.1.3 BMWG (Benchmarking Methodology) . 11
4.1.4 PMOL (Performance Metrics for Other Layers) . 11
4.1.5 CCAMP (Common Control and Measurement Plane) . 12
4.1.6 IPPM (IP performance metrics) . 12
4.2 Open Grid Forum Network Measurement Working Group . 12
4.3 MIBS RMON Working Group . 13
4.4 Internet Measurement Data Catalog (DatCat) . 13
4.5 Projects related to Traffic Monitoring and Analysis . 14
4.5.1 TRAMMS . 14
4.5.2 EFIPSANS . 15
4.5.3 PerfSonar . 15
5 Network Monitoring and Personal Data Protection . . 16
5.1 MOMENT Project . 17
5.2 PRISM Project . 17
6 Specific Information Models of Existing Infrastructures . 18
6.1 Metadata database (MOME) . 19
6.2 Aggregated passive trace database (LOBSTER) . 20
6.3 Aggregated passive trace database (DIOR) . 21
6.4 BGP routing information database (RIPE) . 21
6.5 Periodic active measurement database (ETOMIC) . 22
6.6 Large scale topology database (DIMES) . 25
6.7 MINER . 26
7 Models for measuring Quality of Experience in Network Services . 28
Annex A (informative): Authors & contributors . 31
History . 32

ETSI

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4 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Group Specification (GS) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification (ISG) Measurement Ontology for IP
traffic (MOI).
Introduction
A number of different models, information schemas and best-pratices have recently been proposed in order to cope with
a lack of de-facto standards for interoperability and the extreme heterogeneity of tools' operational modes and
repositories' internal organization of data that one can observe, as of now, in the Traffic Measurement and Analysis
domain. To accomplish any standardization goal in the TMA field, a detailed analysis of such proposals, and of existing
information models for IP traffic measurement is mandatory. A further step is then needed in order to unify the existing
models into a set of well-defined ontological models, which will fully describe the domain of Internet traffic
measurements and will tackle the most problematic aspects such as legally-compliant privacy protection and support for
widely accepted QoS/QoE parameters.
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5 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
1 Scope
The present document constitutes an analysis of information models for IP traffic measurement. This will include the
basic definitions and state-of-the-art study, as well as the main guidelines to specify a complete set of vocabulary of
classes and relations to describe Internet measurements, supporting QoS parameters and offering privacy protection, by
studying existing schemas that are currently used to describe such information.
The present document is to give an initial focus and guide the process of the MOI ISG. The focus is on the key QoS
parameters and the key approaches in privacy protection when manipulating, analysing and distributing IP traffic
measurements.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] "IP Flow Information Export (ipfix)".
NOTE: See http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/ipfix-charter.html.
[i.2] "IP Flow Anonymisation Support", IETF Internet Draft , November 2009, E. Boschi and
B. Trammel.
NOTE: See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ipfix-anon-03.
[i.3] "Packet Sampling (psamp)" (concluded WG).
NOTE: See http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/psamp-charter.html.
[i.4] "Benchmarking Methodology (bmwg)".
NOTE: See http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/bmwg-charter.html.
[i.5] "Performance Metrics for Other Layers (pmol)".
NOTE: See http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/pmol-charter.html.
[i.6] "Common Control and Measurement Plane (ccamp)".
NOTE: See http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/ccamp-charter.html.
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6 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
[i.7] "IP Performance Metrics (ippm)".
NOTE: See http://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/ippm-charter.html.
[i.8] "Relax-NG".
NOTE: See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELAX_NG.
[i.9] Revision 387.
NOTE: See http://anonsvn.internet2.edu/svn/nmwg/.
[i.10] "Internet Measurement Data Catalog".
NOTE: See http://www.datcat.org/.
[i.11] "Traffic Measurements and Models in Multi-Service Networks (2007 - 2009). Winner of the Celtic
gold award 2009".
NOTE: See http://projects.celtic-initiative.org/tramms/.
[i.12] "What is perfSONAR?".
NOTE: See http://www.perfsonar.net/.
[i.13] P. Ohm, D. Sicker, and D. Grunwald: "Legal issues surrounding monitoring during network
research", in Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement
(IMC "07), San Diego, USA, October 24 - 26, 2007, pp. 141 - 148.
[i.14] M. Barbaro and T. Zeller Jr.: "A face is exposed for AOL searcher No. 4417749", The New York
Times, August 9, 2006.
[i.15] G. D. Bissias, M. Liberatore, D. Jensen, and B. N. Levine: "Privacy vulnerabilities in encrypted
HTTP streams", in Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
(PET 2005), Cavtat, Croatia, May 30 - June 1, 2005.
[i.16] S. Bellovin: "A technique for counting NATted hosts", in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM
SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement (IMW '02), Marseille, France,
6 - 8 November 2002, pp. 267 - 272.
[i.17] D. Koukis, S. Antonatos, D. Antoniades, P. Trimintzios, and E.P. Markatos: "A generic
anonymization framework for network traffic", in Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International
Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC 2006), Istanbul, Turkey, June 11 - 15, 2006.
[i.18] R. Pang, M. Allman, V. Paxson, and J. Lee: "The devil and packet trace anonymization", ACM
SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 29 - 38, January 2006.
[i.19] Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas: "Privacy preserving data mining. In Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO
'00", volume 1880 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 36--54. Springer-Verlag, 2000.
[i.20] Privacy Preserving Data Mining Bibliography.
NOTE: See http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~kunliu1/research/privacy_review.html.
[i.21] References to Privacy-Preserving Data Mining Literature.
NOTE: See http://privacy.cs.cmu.edu/dataprivacy/papers/ppdm/.
[i.22] Privacy Preserving Data Mining Publications.
NOTE: See http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Eoliveira/psdm/pub-by-year.html.
[i.23] R. Canetti, Y. Ishai, R. Kumar, M. K. Reiter, R. Rubinfeld, and R. N. Wright: "Selective private
function evaluation with applications to private statistics", Proc. of the 20th ACM Symposium on
Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), 2001.
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[i.24] Matthew Roughan and Yin Zhang: "Secure distributed data-mining and its application to large-
scale network measurements", ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 36,
Issue 1 (January 2006).
[i.25] Mitra, P., Pan, C., Liu, P., and Atluri, V. 2006: "Privacy-preserving semantic interoperation and
access control of heterogeneous databases", in Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on
information, Computer and Communications Security (Taipei, Taiwan, March 21 - 24, 2006).
ASIACCS '06. ACM, New York, NY, 66-77.
[i.26] T. Finin, A. Joshi, L. Kagal, J. Niu, R. Sandhu, W. Winsborough and B. Thuraisingham:
"ROWLBAC: representing Role Based Access Control in OWL", in Proceedings of the 13th ACM
Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT'08), Estes Park, CO, USA,
June 11 - 13, 2008.
[i.27] A. Noorollahi Ravari, M. Amini, R. Jalili: "A Semantic Aware Access Control Model with Real
Time Constraints on History of Accesses", in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on
Secure Information Systems (SIS'08), Wisla, Poland, 20 - 22 October 2008.
[i.28] G. V. Lioudakis, E. A. Koutsoloukas, N. Dellas, G. M. Kapitsaki, D. I. Kaklamani, I. S. Venieris:
"A Semantic Framework for Privacy-Aware Access Control", in Proceedings of the 3rd
International Workshop on Secure Information Systems (SIS'08), Wisla, Poland, 20 - 22 October
2008.
[i.29] Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS): "OASIS
eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) TC", 2004.
NOTE: See http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xacml/.
[i.30] T. Moses: "OASIS Privacy Policy Profile of XACML v2.0", OASIS Standard, February 2005.
[i.31] FP7 ICT project PRISM (PRIvacy-aware Secure Monitoring).
NOTE: See http://fp7-prism.eu/.
[i.32] FP7 ICT project MOMENT (Monitoring and Measurement in the Next Generation Technologies).
NOTE: See http://fp7-moment.eu/.
[i.33] A. Salvador, J. E. López de Vergara, G. Tropea, N. Blefari-Melazzi, Á. Ferreiro, Á. Katsu: "A
Semantically Distributed Approach to Map IP Traffic Measurements to a Standardized Ontology",
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC), vol. 2, Issue 1,
pp 13-31, January 2010.
[i.34] ITU-T Recommendation X.509: "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The
Directory: Public-key and Attribute Certificate Frameworks", August 2005.
[i.35] G. V. Lioudakis, F. Gogoulos, A. Antonakopoulou, D. I. Kaklamani, I. S. Venieris: "An Access
Control Approach for Privacy-Preserving Passive Network Monitoring" in Proceedings of the
4th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2009),
London, UK, November 9 - 12, 2009.
[i.36] IETF RFC 5101: "Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the
Exchange of IP Traffic Flow Information", B. Claise, Ed.
[i.37] M. Casassa Mont: "Dealing with Privacy Obligations: Important Aspects and Technical
Approaches," in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Trust and Privacy in Digital
Business (TrustBus 2004), Zaragoza, Spain, August 30-September 3, 2004.
[i.38] Project, Strohmeier, F., et al: "D03 - MOME Final Project Report", IST MoMe Project, 2006.
NOTE: See http://www.ist-mome.org/deliverables/mome-wp0-0603-d03-update_final_report.pdf.
[i.39] LOBSTER IST Project.
NOTE: See http://www.ist-lobster.org
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8 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
[i.40] D. Antoniades, M. Polychronakis, A. Papadogiannakis, P. Trimintzios, S. Ubik, V. Smotlacha,
A. Øslebø and E. P. Markatos. LOBSTER: "A European Platform for Passive Network Traffic
Monitoring".
NOTE: In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the
Development of Networks & Communities (TRIDENTCOM), March 2008, Innsbruck, Austria.
[i.41] D. Antoniades, M. Polychronakis, S. Antonatos, E. P. Markatos, S. Ubik, and A. Øslebø. Appmon:
"An Application for Accurate per Application Network Traffic Characterization".
NOTE: In Proceedings of the IST Broadband Europe 2006 Conference, December 2006, Geneva, Switzerland.
[i.42] DIOR Project.
NOTE: See http://arantxa.ii.uam.es/~networking/projects/DIOR/index.htm. Also in José L. García-Dorado, José
Alberto Hernández, Javier Aracil, Jorge E. López de Vergara, Francisco Montserrat, Esther Robles and
Tomás de Miguel, "On the Duration and Spatial Characteristics of Internet Traffic Measurement
Experiments", IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, issue 11, November 2008.
[i.43] RIPE Document Store.
NOTE: See http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs.
[i.44] "RIPE Routing Working Group Recommendations on Route-flap Dam".
NOTE: See http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/routeflap-damping.html.
[i.45] ETOMIC project.
NOTE: See www.etomic.org.
[i.46] P. Mátray, I. Csabai, P. Hága, J. Stéger, L. Dobos, G. Vattay: "Building a Prototype for Network
Measurement Virtual Observatory" Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS - MineNet 2007,
12 June 2007, San Diego, CA, USA (2007).
[i.47] DIMES project.
NOTE: See www.netDimes.org.
[i.48] MINER, Salzburg Research: "MINER - Measurement Infrastructure for network Research", 2008.
NOTE: See http://miner.salzburgresearch.at.
[i.49] Quality of experience.
NOTE: See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality-of-experience
[i.50] ETSI ETR 003: "Network Aspects (NA); General aspects of Quality of Service (QoS) and
Network Performance (NP)".
[i.51] ITU-T Recommendation E.800: "Terms and Definitions Related to Quality of Service and
Network Performance Including Dependability".
[i.52] ITU-T Recommendation X.641: "Quality of Service: Framework", Geneva, Switzerland,
December 1997.
[i.53] ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-11: "Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of
television pictures".
[i.54] Rubino, G. and Varela M.: "A new approach for the prediction of end-to-end performance of
multimedia streams", First International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems,
2004. QEST 2004. Proceedings. September 2004.
[i.55] Rodríguez-Bocca, P., Cancela, H., and Rubino, G. 2007. Video quality assurance in multi-source
streaming techniques. In Proceedings of the 4th international IFIP/ACM Latin American
Conference on Networking (San José, Costa Rica, October 10 - 11, 2007). LANC '07. ACM,
New York, NY, 83-93.
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[i.56] Alfonso Sánchez-Macián, Jorge E. López de Vergara, Encarna Pastor, Luis Bellido: "A System for
Monitoring, Assessing and Certifying Quality of Service in Telematic Services".
Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol. 21, Issue 2, March 2008, Elsevier, ISSN 0950-7051.
[i.57] Alfonso Sánchez-Macián, David López Berzosa, Jorge E López de Vergara, Encarna Pastor
Martín: "A Framework for the Automatic Calculation of Quality of Experience in Telematic
Services", Proceedings of the 13th HP-OVUA Workshop, Côte d'Azur, France, 21-24 May 2006.
ISBN 3000187804.
[i.58] EFIPSANS project.
NOTE: See http://www.efipsans.org/.
[i.59] R. Chaparadza: "Requirements for a Generic Autonomic Network Architecture Suitable
Requirements for Autonomic Behavior Specifications of Decision-Making-Elements for Diverse
Networking Environments", International Engineering Consortium (IEC) Annual Review in
Communications, vol. 61, December 2008.
[i.60] R. Natale: "Converting SNMP MIBs to SOA/Web Services Management Artifact; draft-natale-
snmp-mibs-to-ontology-00", IETF Network Working Group Internet-Draft, August 2007.
NOTE: See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-natale-snmp-mibs-to-ontology-00.
[i.61] Kun Liu, Hillol Kargupta, Jessica Ryan: "Random Projection-Based Multiplicative Data
Perturbation for Privacy Preserving Distributed Data Mining", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge
and Data Engineering, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 92-106, Jan., 2006.
[i.62] S. Agrawal and J.R. Haritsa: "A Framework for High-Accuracy Privacy-Preserving Mining", Proc.
21st Int'l Conf. Data Eng. (ICDE'05), pp. 193-204, Apr. 2005.
[i.63] IETF RFC 3577: "Introduction to the Remote Monitoring (RMON) Family of MIB Modules".
[i.64] IETF RFC 2819: "Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base".
[i.65] IETF RFC 1513: "Token Ring Extensions to the Remote Network Monitoring MIB".
[i.66] IETF RFC 2613: "Remote Network Monitoring MIB Extensions for Switched Networks
Version 1.0".
[i.67] IETF RFC 3144: "Remote Monitoring MIB Extensions for Interface Parameters Monitoring".
[i.68] IETF RFC 3273: "Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base for High Capacity
Networks".
[i.69] IETF RFC 3434: "Remote Monitoring MIB Extensions for High Capacity Alarms".
[i.70] IETF RFC 2021: "Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base Version 2 using
SMIv2".
[i.71] IETF RFC 2895: "Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifier Reference".
[i.72] IETF RFC 3395: "Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifier Reference Extensions".
[i.73] IETF RFC 2896: "Remote Network Monitoring MIB Protocol Identifier Macros".
[i.74] IETF RFC 3287: "Remote Monitoring MIB Extensions for Differentiated Services".
[i.75] IETF RFC 3729: "Application Performance Measurement MIB".
[i.76] IETF RFC 4150: "Transport Performance Metrics MIB".
[i.77] IETF RFC 4711: "Real-time Application Quality-of-Service Monitoring (RAQMON) MIB".
[i.78] IETF RFC 4149: "Definition of Managed Objects for Synthetic Sources for Performance
Monitoring Algorithms".
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[i.79] ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540: "Internet protocol data communication service - IP packet
transfer and availability performance parameters".
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CCAMP Common Control and Measurement Plane
IMDC Internet Measurement Data Catalog
IPFIX IP Flow Information export
IPPM IP performance metrics
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System
MIB Management Information Base
NIC Network Information Centre
NMWG Network Measurement Working Group
NOC Network Operations Centre
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OWL W3C Web Ontology Language
PMOL Performance Metrics for Other Layers
PQoS Perceived Quality of Service
QoS/QoE Quality of Service/Quality of Experience
RELAX NG Regular Language for XML Next Generation
RRD Round-Robin Database
SOA Service Oriented Architecture
TMA Traffic Monitoring and Analysis
4 Working Groups and Metrics for Network
Measurements
We start by reviewing the most common external data representation efforts from IETF. Then this clause includes an
outline of the Open Grid Forum work on measurement data standardization, and continues with PerfSonar, a mediator
for monitoring services developed by GEANT and other partners. A detailed overview of the MIBS RMON
working-group activities and of the DatCat meta-data repository is finally given.
4.1 Network Data Representation Models from IETF
There are a few attempts to standardise network measurement protocols in order to provide a common understanding of
measures across different networks and organisations, promoted by IETF. This clause provides a short list of a few of
them, their characteristics, progress, future and implementation, if any.
4.1.1 IPFIX (IP Flow Information Export Charter)
The IETF IPFIX [i.1] working group defined a protocol to transmit information about captured flows. It has specified
both the Information Model (to describe IP flows) and the IPFIX protocol to transfer IP flow data from IPFIX exporters
to collectors, which is used to transmit to a collector the captured information flows. It considers a flow as a group of
packets sent from the same source to the same destination through the same protocol.
The work towards standardisation is quite advanced and several drafts have been published as RFCs so far, and some
others are about to be reviewed. However, the group activities are still ongoing and new issues are raised. Ongoing
activities are now focusing on anonymization, with an initial draft on this specific issue [i.2] made available since
November 2009.
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11 ETSI GS MOI 010 V1.1.1 (2010-05)
4.1.2 PSAMP (Packet Sampling)
PSAMP [i.3] is an IETF group whose target is to define a standard set of capabilities for network elements to sample
subsets of packets by statistical and other methods. They should be simple as they are supposed to work at maximal line
rate ubiquitously.
The standard will specify a set of selection operations by which packets are sampled, will specify the information that is
to be made available for reporting on sampled packets, describe protocols by which information on sampled packets is
reported to applications; describe protocols by which packet selection and reporting can be configured. Unreliable
transport is permitted to allow ubiquitous deployment.
The standard will specify:
• Selectors for packet solving.
• Packet information available for reporting.
• Sampled packet reports format.
• Report Streams format for a stream of packet reports.
• Multiple Report Streams requirements for parallel packet samplers in one network element.
• Configuration and Management packet format.
• Presentation, Export and Transport of Packet Reports.
4.1.3 BMWG (Benchmarking Methodology)
The BMWG [i.4] group tries to make a series of recommendations concerning the measurement of the performance
characteristics of various internetworking technologies focusing on:
• The systems or services that are built from these technologies, describing the class of equipment, system, or
service being addressed.
• The performance characteristics that are pertinent to that class.
• The set of metrics that aid in the description of those characteristics.
• The methodologies required to collect said metrics.
• The requirements for the common, unambiguous reporting of benchmarking results.
These standards will be limited to technology characterization using simulated stimuli in a laboratory environment, and
will not be prepared for live, operational networks. The most interesting goal of the WG is to produce benchmarks
which strive to be vendor independent and have universal applicability to a given technology class, but not to deal with
acceptance criteria or performance requirements. Works are well developed, with most of the methodologies taken to
AD Review and around 30 RFC have been published so far.
4.1.4 PMOL (Performance Metrics for Other Layers)
This
...