ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)

Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Benefit Analysis of Ethernet and power over coaxial cables - IP Video Surveillance Case Studies

DTR/ATTMSDMC-8

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: ATTM SDMC - Sustainable Digital Multiservice Communities
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 19-May-2020
• Completion Date: 24-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Benefit Analysis of Ethernet and
power over coaxial cables - IP Video Surveillance Case Studies

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2 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)



Reference
DTR/ATTMSDMC-8
Keywords
environmental impact, ethernet, IP, power over
coaxial cable, video surveillance
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3 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Design solutions for VSS using IP and remote powering over coaxial cables . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Basic principles . 10
4.2.1 Alternative design solutions . 10
4.2.1.1 Coaxial cabling signal transmission with LV AC power to cameras . 10
4.2.1.2 Optical fibre cabling signal transmission with LV AC power to cameras . 11
4.2.1.3 Balanced cabling signal transmission and remote powering of cameras. 11
4.2.1.4 Coaxial cabling signal transmission and remote powering of cameras . 12
4.3 Models for remote powering using coaxial cabling . 13
4.3.1 General . 13
4.3.2 Powering Classes . 13
4.3.3 DC loop resistance . 14
4.3.3.1 Cable DC loop resistance . 14
4.3.3.2 System requirements . 14
4.3.4 Point-to-point implementations . 15
4.3.5 Bus implementations. 15
4.4 Upgrade of legacy coaxial solutions . 15
4.5 "New build" coaxial solutions . 16
5 Implementation of VSS using IP and remote powering over coaxial cables . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Use case for Class 3 devices . 17
5.2.1 Point-to-point implementation . 17
5.2.2 Linear bus implementation . 17
5.3 Use case for Class 4 devices . 17
5.3.1 Point-to-point implementation . 17
5.3.2 Linear bus implementation . 17
5.4 Use case (point-to-point) for Class 6 devices . 17
5.5 Use case (point-to-point) for Class 8 devices . 18
6 Benefit analysis overview . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Cost of ownership . 18
6.2.1 Factors . 18
6.2.2 Design . 18
6.2.3 Installation . 19
6.2.4 Operation . 19
6.2.5 Maintenance . 19
6.2.6 Results of benefit analysis . 19
6.3 Environmental impact . 22
6.3.1 Factors . 22
6.3.2 Material consumption . 22
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4 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
6.3.3 Energy per for ma nce . 23
6.3.4 End-of-life. 24
Annex A: Application cases . 25
A.1 General . 25
A.2 Underground station implementation . 25
A.3 Small train station implementation . 26
A.4 Medium-sized train station implementation . 27
A.5 Mass transit - large train station implementation . 28
A.6 Other surveillance applications . 29
History . 32


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5 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
List of figures
Figure 1: Traditional coaxial cabling solution for video surveillance .11
Figure 2:Traditional optical fibre cabling solutions for video surveillance .11
Figure 3: Signal and remote powering provision using balanced cable for video surveillance .12
Figure 4: Signal and remote powering provision using coaxial cable for video surveillance (point-to-point) .13
Figure 5: Signal and remote powering provision using coaxial cable for video surveillance (linear bus) .13
Figure 6: Voltage drops allowance and resistance modelling .14
Figure 7: Cable congestion under platforms .16
Figure A.1: Underground station example .25
Figure A.2: Rural village station example .26
Figure A.3: Medium-sized station example .27
Figure A.4: Large city station .28

List of tables
Table 1: Power Classes of ETSI TS 105 176-2 .13
Table 2: Power delivery parameters for V = 55,25 VDC and V = 44 VDC .14
rDEV eDEV
Table 3: Maximum lengths at DC loop resistance limits .15
Table 4: Cost of Ownership: design phase .20
Table 5: Cost of Ownership: installation phase .21
Table 6: Cost of Ownership: operational phase.22
Table 7: Cost of Ownership: maintenance phase .22
Table 8: Environmental impact: material consumption.23
Table 9: Environmental impact: energy performance .24
Table 10: Environmental impact: End-of-Life .24
Table A.1: Underground station infrastructure .26
Table A.2: Main characteristics affecting the network installation costs .26
Table A.3: Rural village station infrastructure .27
Table A.4: Main characteristics affecting the network installation costs .27
Table A.5: Medium-sized station infrastructure .28
Table A.6: Main characteristics affecting the network installation costs .28
Table A.7: Large city station infrastructure.29
Table A.8: Main characteristics affecting the network installation costs .29
Table A.9: Linear example - Tunnel .30
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6 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
Table A.10: Dispersed example - Industrial site .30
Table A.11: Multi-level dispersed example - Car park .30
Table A.12: Multi-level dispersed example - Museum .31


ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Traditionally, short- and medium- range Video Surveillance Systems (VSS) have used point-to-point coaxial cables for
the transmission of the video signals from the camera to, and the camera control signals from, a monitoring centre with
power supplied to the cameras via a separate and local Low Voltage (LV) AC power supply.
Longer transmission lengths and/or the need to support high resolution cameras require the replacement of the coaxial
cable with optical fibre cable.
VSS are now able to take advantage of balanced pair cabling and the standards developed by IEEE, ISO/IEC and
CENELEC which allow the signals and DC power to be delivered over the same cable, once again on a point-to-point
basis.
The provision of signal and DC power within a single cable construction has clear advantages in terms of cost and
flexibility of installed configuration, avoiding the need to re-provision LV power and associated infrastructure.
The present document considers the opportunities offered by employing a combined signal and DC powering solution
using coaxial cable which not only avoids the replacement of the installed cable but, dependent on the performance of
the coaxial cable, can also offer extended distance of support beyond that offered by the balanced cable solution.
Equally importantly, the combined signal and DC powering solution using coaxial cable offers the opportunity to
connect multiple cameras in a linear bus configuration.
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8 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
The present document:
a) presents the basic principles of, and describes in detail the coaxial cabling solution for, Video Surveillance
Systems (VSS) using IP technology;
b) describes in detail the implementation of VSS using IP signalling and remote powering using the coaxial
cabling solution;
c) provides a benefit analysis (both of cost-of-ownership and environmental impact) of coaxial cabling, balanced
cabling and wireless approaches to IP-based VSS;
d) contains a number of use cases for transportation systems and other surveillance applications.

ETSI

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9 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
1 Scope
The present document reviews the benefit analyses and environmental impact for selected use cases (such as mass
transit systems) of using coaxial cables to support both Ethernet and power over coaxial equipment for IP Video
Surveillance Systems (VSS) when:
a) upgrading existing analogue VSS using legacy coaxial cables as compared with installation of alternative
transmission media; and
b) building new VSS by installing coaxial cables as compared with other transmission media.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CENELEC EN 50173-1: "Information technology - Generic cabling systems - General
requirements".
[i.2] ETSI TS 105 176-2: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Ethernet and
power over cables; Part 2: Ethernet and power over coaxial cables for IP video surveillance".
[i.3] IEEE 802.3™: "IEEE Standard for Ethernet".
[i.4] IEEE 802.3cg™: "IEEE Standard for Ethernet - Amendment 5:Physical Layer Specifications and
Management Parameters for 10 Mb/s Operation and Associated Power Delivery over a Single
Balanced Pair of Conductors".
[i.5] ISO/IEC 11801-1: "Information technology - Generic cabling for customer premises - General
requirements".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 105 176-2 [i.2] and the following apply:
low voltage: voltage exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. between conductors, or
600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. between conductors and earth
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10 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI TS 105 176-2 [i.2] apply.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI TS 105 176-2 [i.2] and the following apply:
AC Alternating Current
DC Direct Current
E&PoC Ethernet and Power over Coax(ial cabling)
EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
LV Low Voltage
PSU Power Supply Unit
QoS Quality of Service
UPS Uninterruptible Power System
VDC Volts Direct Current
VSS Video Surveillance System
WAP Wireless Access Point
4 Design solutions for VSS using IP and remote
powering over coaxial cables
4.1 General
This clause provides a general description of the Ethernet & Power over Coax (E&PoC) technology which is the subject
of the present document.
Clause 4.2 describes the basic principles of the various design solutions for VSS.
For E&PoC solutions:
• clause 4.3 provides further details of the models for remote powering of devices within VSS;
• clause 4.4 addresses the upgrade of VSS constructed from legacy coaxial cabling;
• clause 4.5 addresses the design and installation of new build VSS installations.
4.2 Basic principles
4.2.1 Alternative design solutions
4.2.1.1 Coaxial cabling signal transmission with LV AC power to cameras
Traditionally, VSS have used point-to-point coaxial cables for the transmission of the analogue video signals from the
camera to, and the camera control signals from, a monitoring centre with power supplied to the camera Power Supply
Unit (PSU) via a separate and local LV AC power supply, typically directly fed by the energy grid.
Figure 1 is a schematic of the basic solution.
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11 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
Control
Video signal Camera
centre
PSU
Camera control
Coaxial cable
LV AC power

Figure 1: Traditional coaxial cabling solution for video surveillance
The length of coaxial cable is limited by the bandwidth and attenuation of the coaxial cable in relation to the delivery
for the required video reception quality.
4.2.1.2 Optical fibre cabling signal transmission with LV AC power to cameras
Where the achievable transmission length using coaxial cable is inadequate, optical fibre may be used in either simplex
or duplex mode.
Figure 2 is a schematic of the basic solution.
Control
centre Video signal Camera
PSU
Camera control
Single optical fibre
(duplex transmission)
LV AC power
within a cable

or
Control
Camera
centre
Video signal
Camera control PSU
Two optical fibres
(simplex transmission)
LV AC power
within a cable

Figure 2:Traditional optical fibre cabling solutions for video surveillance
Depending on the optical fibre technology used (single-mode, multi-mode or plastic) it can offer transmission distances
of many kilometres with single-mode optical fibres to just tens of meters with plastic optical fibres.
There may be other technical factors for selecting optical fibre technology in specific situations such as safety and
security concerns.
4.2.1.3 Balanced cabling signal transmission and remote powering of cameras
4-pair balanced cabling components of Category 5 and above (as specified in ISO/IEC 11801-1 [i.5] and CENELEC
EN 50173-1 [i.1]) enable both the signal transmission (using Ethernet protocols of IEEE 802.3 [i.3]) and the delivery of
DC power of up to 90 W to the camera. This allows the replacement of the local LV AC power supply and the
associated Power Supply Unit (PSU) with a DC/DC convertor which converts the remote powering voltages to those
needed by the cameras (typically 12 V DC). Figure 3 is a schematic of the basic solution.
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12 ETSI TR 105 177 V1.1.1 (2020-04)
Control Camera
Video signal
centre
DC/DC convertor
Camera control and power supply
4-pair balanced cable

Figure 3: Signal and remote powering provision using balanced cable for video surveillance
The length of balanced cable is limited to approximately 100 m due the maximum distance of support of the
transmission protocol and the DC resistance of the cables.
NOTE: IEEE 802.3cg [i.4] is a specification for data transmission and the delivery of lower power (≤ 13 W)
using a single pair balanced cable to support lower data rates (10 Mb/s) over distances of up to 1 000 m.
4.2.1.4 Coaxial cabling signal transmission and remote powering of cameras
The focus of the present document is the use of installed coaxial cabling components enabling both the signal
transmission using protocols of ETSI TS 105 176-2 [i.2] and the delivery of DC power of up to 90 W towards the
camera although the actual power delivered is dependent upon the DC resistance of the coaxial cable and its length.
A DC/DC convertor is used to extract power from the coaxial cable and to convert the voltage to the level needed by
each camera. Such convertors include a function that enables power extraction without impairing the signal
transmission on the coaxial cable.
Employing a combined signal and DC powering solution using coaxial cable not only avoids the replacement of the
installed cable but, dependent on the performance of the coaxial cable, can also offer extended distance of support
beyond that offered by the balanced cable solution. For new installations, this allows avoiding costs for providing LV
AC powering cabling to each camera. Equally importantly, the c
...