ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)

Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method

RTS/EE-EEPS56

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: EE EEPS - EE Eco Environmental Product Standards
• Current Stage: 12 - Citation in the OJ (auto-insert)
• Due Date: 17-Jan-2024
• Completion Date: 21-Feb-2024
• Mandate: M/462

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and Measurement Method for Energy Efficiency of
Wireless Access Network Equipment;
Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method

2 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)

Reference
RTS/EE-EEPS56
Keywords
energy efficiency, LTE
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Assessment method . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement requirements . 11
5.1 Reference configurations . 11
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.3 BS Configuration . 13
5.4 Transmit Signal and RF output power . 13
5.5 UE Emulator requirements and settings . 13
5.6 Environmental conditions . 14
5.7 Power supply . 14
6 Dynamic Energy Efficiency Assessment . 14
6.1 Overview . 14
6.2 Energy Efficiency Measurement . 15
6.2.1 Measurement Lab Setup . 15
6.2.2 UE Distribution . 15
6.2.3 Data Traffic Model . 16
6.2.4 Test Time Definition . 17
6.2.5 Low traffic model . 17
6.2.6 Medium traffic model . 17
6.2.7 Busy-hour traffic model . 17
6.2.8 Data Volume Measurement . 17
6.2.9 Power and Energy Consumption Measurement . 18
6.2.10 Energy Consumption measurement . 18
6.2.11 Base Station Energy Efficiency KPI . 19
6.2.12 UE quality of service KPI . 19
7 Uncertainty . 20
8 Measurement report . 20
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 21
A.1 General information to be reported . 21
A.2 Base Station Energy Efficiency report . 22
Annex B (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 24
Annex C (normative): Data Traffic Model . 25
C.1 Data Traffic Model . 25
C.2 Measured data for BS Energy efficiency KPI calculation . 25
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4 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
Annex D (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 27
D.1 General requirements . 27
D.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 28
D.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 28
D.2.1.1 Uncertainty Tree description. 28
D.2.1.2 Measurement equipment . 28
D.2.1.3 Attenuators, cables . 28
D.2.1.4 UE emulator . 28
D.2.1.5 Impact of environmental parameters. 28
D.2.1.6 Impact of path loss . 29
D.2.1.7 Data volume . 29
D.2.1.8 Variance of device under test . 29
D.3 Uncertainty assessment . 29
D.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 29
D.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 30
D.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 30
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 31
History . 32

ETSI
5 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Metrics and Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment, as identified below:
ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method";
ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems which is about how much
energy is going to be consumed for a certain delivered job from the network side while still having an acceptable
performance. The energy consumption of the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network
energy consumption. Therefore, the core network and the service network are not considered in the present document.
In a radio access network, the energy consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often
also referred to as BTS, NodeB, eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The energy consumption of
Radio Network Control nodes (RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [i.6].
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6 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
The present document defines the dynamic measurement method for evaluation energy efficiency:
• BS energy efficiency under dynamic load conditions: the BS capacity under dynamic traffic load provided
within a defined coverage area and the corresponding energy consumption is measured for given reference
configurations.
ETSI ES 202 706-1 [i.8] defines daily average power consumption of the base station.
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7 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
1 Scope
The present document covers the following radio access technology:
• LTE.
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station dynamic energy efficiency. Within the
present document, it is referred to dynamic measurement.
The results based on dynamic measurements of the BS provide energy efficiency information for BS with dynamic
load.
Energy consumption of the core network and the service network are not covered in the present document. The energy
consumption of Radio Network Control nodes (RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [i.6].
Energy consumption of user terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document however, how
a User Equipment (UE) affects a base station energy efficiency is an important factor and will be considered for further
study.
The scope of the present document is not to set and define target values for the power consumption nor the energy
performance of equipment and neither for regulatory nor type approval purpose.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the energy efficiency of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations are covered in this version of the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[3] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[4] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[5] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 3: Up to 400 V Direct Current
(DC)".
ETSI
8 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
rd
[8] 3GPP TS 36.101 (V18.3.0) (2023-09): "3 Generation Partnership Project; Technical
Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (Release 18)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 141: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141)".
[10] Void.
[11] Void.
[12] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement" (2008 or equivalent
GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008).
NOTE: Also available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[13] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void
[i.2] Void.
[i.3] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.4] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
[i.6] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[i.7] ETSI ES 202 336-12: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and control interface for
infrastructure equipment (power, cooling and building environment systems used in
telecommunication networks); Part 12: ICT equipment power, energy and environmental
parameters monitoring information model".
[i.8] ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and measurement method for
energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment; Part 1: Power Consumption - Static
Measurement Method".
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9 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour load: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: throughout the present document the term efficiency is used as the relation between the useful output
(telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption of the BS
energy efficiency: Throughout the present document the term energy efficiency is used as the relation between the
useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption of the BS. In more details, the ratio between the produced
task or work and the consumed power for producing this task or work over a time period is called energy efficiency.
The task or work could be anything and in telecommunication it can for example be the delivered bits to a User
Equipment (UE). In this case the unit could be for example [Mbits / kWh] or [bits / kWh] or [Mbits / Joules]. Since the
electricity bills for operators are normally presented in kWh and the work can be expressed as delivering Mbits to a user
it would be more convenient to express the unit as [Mbits / kWh].
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example, in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: lowest generated traffic during the dynamic measurement period
medium load: medium load between the lowest and buy hour load generate during the dynamic measurement period
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
NOTE: See ETSI ES 202 706-1 [i.8].
UE group: group of UEs whose path losses to the BS are identical
wide area base station: base station that is characterized by a Rated output Power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm
NOTE: See ETSI TS 136 104 [5].
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BH Busy Hour
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
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10 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
BSEE Base Station Energy Efficiency
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CCE Control Channel Element
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DUT Device Under Test
E2E End to End
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
ERRH Energy for Remote Radio Head
E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
EVA Extended Vehicular A model
FDD Frequency-Division Duplexing
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
kPa kilo pascal
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PRAT Rated output power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
PT Probability Time
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
S/W SoftWare
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TCP Transmission Control protocol
TM1 Transmission Mode 1
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
WT Waiting Time
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment dynamic energy efficiency for which the present document
defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS energy
efficiency.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (Table A.1).
1.2 List BS configuration (Annexes A and B).
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11 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
1.3 List traffic load(s) for measurements (Annex C).
1.4 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Energy efficiency measurement under dynamic load conditions, Measure BS equipment delivered task in
terms of bits and the consumed energy under required conditions (see clause 6).
3) Collect and report the energy efficiency measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
requirements
5.1 Reference configurations
Reference configurations are defined for LTE in Annex B.
These configurations include integrated and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.6. It
shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without additional air-conditioning at
the defined temperatures.
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function or other providing capacity corresponding to the BS capacity, shall be
included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (this is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore, it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (not considered in HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial multiplexing" shall be
according to ETSI TS 136 211 [4] (2×2 DL MIMO)).

Figure 1: Integrated BS model
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12 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)

Figure 2: Distributed BS model
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All stand-alone measurement equipment such as power measurement instruments, shall be calibrated and shall have
data output interface to allow long term data recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a
dedicated time.
The stand-alone measurement equipment shall comply with the following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %:
 An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
 The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.4].
• RF output power accuracy: ±0,4 dB.
The above requirements are not applied to any internal measurement mechanism build in a base station [i.7]. The above
requirements shall be applied to stand-alone equipment such as power measurement instruments.
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13 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.6.1 (2024-02)
5.3 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations, a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used.
EXAMPLE: A typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three-sector configuration. If a BS is designed for dual or single sector applications, it shall be
tested in its designed configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration.
Additional power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The used power saving features and SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall state the configuration of the BS, for example the type of RF signal combining (antenna
network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.4 Transmit Signal and RF output power
The maximum RF transmit power that the base station under test is capable of shall be reported.
The base station under test shall control the RF transmit signal to fulfil the traffic profiles as listed in Annex B.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from 3GPP specifications for the LTE air-interface shall be fulfilled.
5.5 UE Emulator requirements and settings
UE power consumption is not considered in the present document. However, UE category and performance has a
significant impact on the base station energy efficiency. To assess energy efficiency of the BS, the UE capabilities
represented by the UE emulator shall be used as follows:
• The UE emulator shall provide the total capacity (number of simultaneous UEs as defined in Annex C, max
data rate, etc.) to load the BS per test specification.
• The UE emulator shall be capable of supporting at le
...