IEC TR 62271-306:2012
(Main)High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC/TR 62271-306:2012(E) is applicable to a.c. circuit-breakers designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation at frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz on systems having voltages above 1 000 V. This technical report addresses utility, consultant and industrial engineers who specify and apply high-voltage circuit-breakers, circuit-breaker development engineers, engineers in testing stations, and engineers who participate in standardization. It is intended to provide background information concerning the facts and figures in the standards and provide a basis for specification for high-voltage circuit-breakers. Thus, its scope will cover the explanation, interpretation and application of IEC 62271-100 and IEC 62271-1 as well as related standards and technical reports with respect to high-voltage circuit-breakers.
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IEC/TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to
alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC/TR 62271-306:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
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IEC/TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related
to alternating current circuit-breakers
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XM
ICS 29.130.10 ISBN 978-2-83220-558-7
– 2 – TR 62271-306 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 15
1 General . 17
1.1 Scope . 17
1.2 Normative references . 17
2 Evolution of IEC standards for high-voltage circuit-breaker . 18
3 Classification of circuit-breakers . 22
3.1 General . 22
3.2 Electrical endurance class E1 and E2 . 22
3.3 Capacitive current switching class C1 and C2 . 23
3.4 Mechanical endurance class M1 and M2 . 23
3.5 Class S1 and S2 . 24
3.5.1 General . 24
3.5.2 Cable system . 24
3.5.3 Line system . 24
3.6 Conclusion . 24
4 Insulation levels and dielectric tests . 25
4.1 General . 25
4.2 Longitudinal voltage stresses . 28
4.3 High-voltage tests . 28
4.4 Impulse voltage withstand test procedures . 29
4.4.1 General . 29
4.4.2 Application to high-voltage switching devices . 29
4.4.3 Additional criteria to pass the tests . 30
4.4.4 Review and perspective . 30
4.4.5 Theory . 33
4.4.6 Summary of 15/2 and 3/9 test methods . 36
4.4.7 Routine tests . 37
4.5 Correction factors . 37
4.5.1 Altitude correction factor . 37
4.5.2 Humidity correction factor . 40
4.6 Background information about insulation levels and tests . 41
4.6.1 Specification . 41
4.6.2 Testing . 43
4.6.3 Combined voltage tests of longitudinal insulation . 43
4.7 Lightning impulse withstand considerations of vacuum interrupters . 44
4.7.1 General . 44
4.7.2 Conditioning during vacuum interrupter manufacturing . 44
4.7.3 De-conditioning in service. 45
4.7.4 Re-conditioning in service. 45
4.7.5 Performing lightning impulse withstand voltage tests . 45
5 Rated normal current and temperature rise . 45
5.1 General . 45
5.2 Load current carrying requirements . 45
5.2.1 Rated normal current . 45
5.2.2 Load current carrying capability under various conditions of ambient
temperature and load. 46
TR 62271-306 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
5.3 Temperature rise testing . 49
5.3.1 Influence of power frequency on temperature rise and temperature
rise tests . 49
5.3.2 Test procedure . 49
5.3.3 Temperature rise test on vacuum circuit-breakers . 51
5.3.4 Resistance measurement . 52
5.4 Additional information . 52
5.4.1 Table with ratios I /I . 52
a r
5.4.2 Derivation of temperature rise equations . 52
6 Transient recovery voltage . 53
6.1 Harmonization of IEC and IEEE transient recovery voltages . 53
6.1.1 General . 53
6.1.2 A summary of the TRV changes . 54
6.1.3 Revision of TRVs for rated voltages of 100 kV and above . 57
6.1.4 Revision of TRVs for rated voltages less than 100 kV . 60
6.2 Initial Transient Recovery Voltage (ITRV) . 62
6.2.1 Basis for specification . 62
6.2.2 Applicability . 63
6.2.3 Test duties where ITRV is required . 63
6.2.4 ITRV waveshape . 64
6.2.5 Standard values of ITRV . 64
6.3 Testing . 65
6.3.1 ITRV measurement . 65
6.3.2 SLF with ITRV . 66
6.3.3 Unit testing . 67
7 Short-line faults . 67
7.1 Short-line fault requirements . 67
7.1.1 Basis for specification . 67
7.1.2 Technical comment . 68
7.1.3 Single-phase faults . 68
7.1.4 Surge impedance of the line . 68
7.1.5 Peak voltage factor . 69
7.1.6 Rate-of-Rise of Recovery Voltage (RRRV) factor "s" . 71
7.2 SLF testing . 72
7.2.1 Test voltage . 72
7.2.2 Operating sequence . 72
7.2.3 Test duties . 72
7.2.4 Test current asymmetry . 73
7.2.5 Line side time delay . 74
7.2.6 Supply side circuit . 74
7.3 Additional explanations on SLF . 75
7.3.1 Surge impedance evaluation . 75
7.3.2 Influence of additional capacitors on SLF interruption . 75
7.4 Comparison of surge impedances . 80
7.5 Calculation of actual percentage of SLF breaking currents . 81
7.6 TRV with parallel capacitance . 82
8 Out-of-phase switching . 85
8.1 Reference system conditions . 85
8.1.1 General . 85
– 4 – TR 62271-306 © IEC:2012(E)
8.1.2 Case A . 85
8.1.3 Case B . 86
8.2 TRV parameters introduced into Tables 1b and 1c of the first edition of
IEC 62271-100 . 87
8.2.1 General . 87
8.2.2 Case A .
...
IEC/TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to
alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC/TR 62271-306:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC/TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related
to alternating current circuit-breakers
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XM
ICS 29.130.10 ISBN 978-2-83220-558-7
– 2 – TR 62271-306 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 15
1 General . 17
1.1 Scope . 17
1.2 Normative references . 17
2 Evolution of IEC standards for high-voltage circuit-breaker . 18
3 Classification of circuit-breakers . 22
3.1 General . 22
3.2 Electrical endurance class E1 and E2 . 22
3.3 Capacitive current switching class C1 and C2 . 23
3.4 Mechanical endurance class M1 and M2 . 23
3.5 Class S1 and S2 . 24
3.5.1 General . 24
3.5.2 Cable system . 24
3.5.3 Line system . 24
3.6 Conclusion . 24
4 Insulation levels and dielectric tests . 25
4.1 General . 25
4.2 Longitudinal voltage stresses . 28
4.3 High-voltage tests . 28
4.4 Impulse voltage withstand test procedures . 29
4.4.1 General . 29
4.4.2 Application to high-voltage switching devices . 29
4.4.3 Additional criteria to pass the tests . 30
4.4.4 Review and perspective . 30
4.4.5 Theory . 33
4.4.6 Summary of 15/2 and 3/9 test methods . 36
4.4.7 Routine tests . 37
4.5 Correction factors . 37
4.5.1 Altitude correction factor . 37
4.5.2 Humidity correction factor . 40
4.6 Background information about insulation levels and tests . 41
4.6.1 Specification . 41
4.6.2 Testing . 43
4.6.3 Combined voltage tests of longitudinal insulation . 43
4.7 Lightning impulse withstand considerations of vacuum interrupters . 44
4.7.1 General . 44
4.7.2 Conditioning during vacuum interrupter manufacturing . 44
4.7.3 De-conditioning in service. 45
4.7.4 Re-conditioning in service. 45
4.7.5 Performing lightning impulse withstand voltage tests . 45
5 Rated normal current and temperature rise . 45
5.1 General . 45
5.2 Load current carrying requirements . 45
5.2.1 Rated normal current . 45
5.2.2 Load current carrying capability under various conditions of ambient
temperature and load. 46
TR 62271-306 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
5.3 Temperature rise testing . 49
5.3.1 Influence of power frequency on temperature rise and temperature
rise tests . 49
5.3.2 Test procedure . 49
5.3.3 Temperature rise test on vacuum circuit-breakers . 51
5.3.4 Resistance measurement . 52
5.4 Additional information . 52
5.4.1 Table with ratios I /I . 52
a r
5.4.2 Derivation of temperature rise equations . 52
6 Transient recovery voltage . 53
6.1 Harmonization of IEC and IEEE transient recovery voltages . 53
6.1.1 General . 53
6.1.2 A summary of the TRV changes . 54
6.1.3 Revision of TRVs for rated voltages of 100 kV and above . 57
6.1.4 Revision of TRVs for rated voltages less than 100 kV . 60
6.2 Initial Transient Recovery Voltage (ITRV) . 62
6.2.1 Basis for specification . 62
6.2.2 Applicability . 63
6.2.3 Test duties where ITRV is required . 63
6.2.4 ITRV waveshape . 64
6.2.5 Standard values of ITRV . 64
6.3 Testing . 65
6.3.1 ITRV measurement . 65
6.3.2 SLF with ITRV . 66
6.3.3 Unit testing . 67
7 Short-line faults . 67
7.1 Short-line fault requirements . 67
7.1.1 Basis for specification . 67
7.1.2 Technical comment . 68
7.1.3 Single-phase faults . 68
7.1.4 Surge impedance of the line . 68
7.1.5 Peak voltage factor . 69
7.1.6 Rate-of-Rise of Recovery Voltage (RRRV) factor "s" . 71
7.2 SLF testing . 72
7.2.1 Test voltage . 72
7.2.2 Operating sequence . 72
7.2.3 Test duties . 72
7.2.4 Test current asymmetry . 73
7.2.5 Line side time delay . 74
7.2.6 Supply side circuit . 74
7.3 Additional explanations on SLF . 75
7.3.1 Surge impedance evaluation . 75
7.3.2 Influence of additional capacitors on SLF interruption . 75
7.4 Comparison of surge impedances . 80
7.5 Calculation of actual percentage of SLF breaking currents . 81
7.6 TRV with parallel capacitance . 82
8 Out-of-phase switching . 85
8.1 Reference system conditions . 85
8.1.1 General . 85
– 4 – TR 62271-306 © IEC:2012(E)
8.1.2 Case A . 85
8.1.3 Case B . 86
8.2 TRV parameters introduced into Tables 1b and 1c of the first edition of
IEC 62271-100 . 87
8.2.1 General . 87
8.2.2 Case A .
...
IEC TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.1 2018-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to
alternating current circuit-breakers
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
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iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
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variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
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also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.1 2018-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related
to alternating current circuit-breakers
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.130.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-6010-4
IEC TR 62271-306 ®
Edition 1.1 2018-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 306: Guide to IEC 62271-100, IEC 62271-1 and other IEC standards related to
alternating current circuit-breakers
– 2 – IEC TR 62271-306:2012+AMD1:2018 CSV
© IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 14
INTRODUCTION to the Amendment . 16
1 General . 17
1.1 Scope . 17
1.2 Normative references . 17
2 Evolution of IEC standards for high-voltage circuit-breaker . 18
3 Classification of circuit-breakers . 22
3.1 General . 22
3.2 Electrical endurance class E1 and E2 . 22
3.3 Capacitive current switching class C1 and C2 . 23
3.4 Mechanical endurance class M1 and M2 . 24
3.5 Class S1 and S2 . 24
3.6 Conclusion . 25
4 Insulation levels and dielectric tests . 25
4.1 General . 25
4.2 Longitudinal voltage stresses . 29
4.3 High-voltage tests . 29
4.4 Impulse voltage withstand test procedures . 30
4.5 Correction factors . 38
4.6 Background information about insulation levels and tests . 42
4.7 Lightning impulse withstand considerations of vacuum interrupters. 45
5 Rated normal current and temperature rise. 46
5.1 General . 46
5.2 Load current carrying requirements . 46
5.3 Temperature rise testing . 50
5.4 Additional information . 53
6 Transient recovery voltage . 54
6.1 Harmonization of IEC and IEEE transient recovery voltages . 54
6.2 Initial Transient Recovery Voltage (ITRV) . 64
6.3 Testing . 67
6.4 General considerations regarding TRV . 69
6.5 Calculation of TRVs . 80
7 Short-line faults . 82
7.1 Short-line fault requirements . 82
7.2 SLF testing . 87
7.3 Additional explanations on SLF. 90
7.4 Comparison of surge impedances . 95
7.5 Calculation of actual percentage of SLF breaking currents Test current and
line length tolerances for short-line fault testing . 95
7.6 TRV with parallel capacitance . 98
8 Out-of-phase switching . 100
8.1 Reference system conditions . 100
8.2 TRV parameters introduced into Tables 1b and 1c of the first edition of
IEC 62271-100 . 102
9 Switching of capacitive currents . 105
9.1 General . 165
© IEC 2018
9.2 General theory of capacitive current switching . 166
9.3 Capacitor bank switching . 172
9.4 No-load cable switching. 175
9.5 No-load transmission line switching . 189
9.6 Voltage factors for capacitive current switching tests . 195
9.7 General application considerations . 197
9.8 Considerations of capacitive currents and recovery voltages under fault
conditions . 215
9.9 Explanatory notes regarding capacitive current switching tests . 219
10 Gas tightness . 221
10.1 Specification . 221
10.2 Testing . 222
10.3 Cumulative test method and calibration procedure for type tests on closed
pressure systems . 230
11 Miscellaneous provisions for breaking tests . 234
11.1 Energy for operation to be used during demonstration of the rated operating
sequence during short-circuit making and breaking tests . 234
11.2 Alternative operating mechanisms . 235
12 Rated and test frequency . 240
12.1 General . 240
12.2 Basic considerations . 241
12.3 Applicability of type tests at different frequencies . 242
13 Terminal faults Symmetrical and asymmetrical currents . 245
13.1 General . 255
13.2 Arcing time. 256
13.3 Symmetrical currents . 256
13.4 Asymmetrical currents . 263
13.5 Double earth fault . 270
13.6 Break time . 274
14 Double earth fault Synthetic making and breaking tests . 275
14.1 General . 279
14.2 Current injection methods . 280
14.3 Duplicate transformer circuit . 284
14.4 Voltage injection methods . 286
14.5 Current distortion . 289
14.6 Step-by-step method to prolong arcing . 304
14.7 Examples of the application of the tolerances on the last current loop based
on 4.1.2 and 6.109 of IEC 62271-101:2012 . 305
15 Transport, storage, installation, operation and maintenance. 306
15.1 General . 306
15.2 Transport and storage . 306
15.3 Installation . 307
15.4 Commissioning. 307
15.5 Operation . 309
15.6 Maintenance . 309
15.7 Corrosion: Informatio
...
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