ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008
(Main)Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — The Directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks — Part 8:
Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — The Directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks — Part 8:
ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 addresses some of the security requirements in the areas of authentication and other security services through the provision of a set of frameworks upon which full services can be based. Specifically, it defines frameworks for: Public-key certificates; Attribute certificates; Authentication services. The public-key certificate framework defined in ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 includes definition of the information objects for Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), including public-key certificates, and Certificate Revocation List (CRL). The attribute certificate framework includes definition of the information objects for Privilege Management Infrastructure (PMI), including attribute certificates, and Attribute Certificate Revocation List (ACRL). ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 also provides the framework for issuing, managing, using and revoking certificates. An extensibility mechanism is included in the defined formats for both certificate types and for all revocation list schemes. ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 also includes a set of standard extensions for each, which is expected to be generally useful across a number of applications of PKI and PMI. The schema components (including object classes, attribute types and matching rules) for storing PKI and PMI objects in the Directory are included in ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008. Other elements of PKI and PMI, beyond these frameworks, such as key and certificate management protocols, operational protocols, additional certificate and CRL extensions, are expected to be defined by other standards bodies (e.g. ISO/TC 68 and IETF). The authentication scheme defined in ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 is generic and can be applied to a variety of applications and environments. The Directory makes use of public-key certificates and attribute certificates, and the framework for the Directory's use of these facilities is also defined in ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008. Public-key technology, including certificates, is used by the Directory to enable strong authentication, signed and/or encrypted operations, and for storage of signed and/or encrypted data in the Directory. Attribute certificates can be used by the Directory to enable rule-based access control. Although the framework for these is provided in this Specification, the full definition of the Directory's use of these frameworks, and the associated services provided by the Directory and its components, is supplied in the complete set of Directory Specifications. ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008, in the Authentication services framework, also: specifies the form of authentication information held by the Directory; describes how authentication information may be obtained from the Directory; states the assumptions made about how authentication information is formed and placed in the Directory; defines three ways in which applications may use this authentication information to perform authentication and describes how other security services may be supported by authentication. ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 describes two levels of authentication: simple authentication, using a password as a verification of claimed identity; and strong authentication, involving credentials formed using cryptographic techniques. While simple authentication offers some limited protection against unauthorized access, only strong authentication should be used as the basis for providing secure services. It is not intended to establish this as a general framework for authentication, but it can be of general use for applications that consider these techniques adequate. Authentication (and other security services) can only be provided within the context of a defined security policy. It is a matter for users of an application to define their own security policy, which may be constrained by the services provided by a standard. It is a matter for standards-defining applications that use the authentication framework to specify the protocol exchanges which need to be performed in order to achieve authentication base
Technologies de l'information — Interconnexion de systèmes ouverts (OSI) — L'annuaire: Cadre général des certificats de clé publique et d'attribut — Partie 8:
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 9594-8
Sixth edition
2008-12-15
Information technology — Open Systems
Interconnection — The Directory: Public-
key and attribute certificate frameworks
Technologies de l'information — Interconnexion de systèmes ouverts
(OSI) — L'annuaire: Cadre général des certificats de clé publique et
d'attribut
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2008
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
SECTION 1 – GENERAL . 1
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 2
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards. 2
2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content. 3
2.3 Other references. 3
3 Definitions . 3
3.1 OSI Reference Model security architecture definitions . 3
3.2 Directory model definitions. 3
3.3 Access control framework definitions . 4
3.4 Definitions. 4
4 Abbreviations . 7
5 Conventions . 7
6 Frameworks overview . 8
6.1 Digital signatures . 9
SECTION 2 – PUBLIC-KEY CERTIFICATE FRAMEWORK . 11
7 Public-keys and public-key certificates . 11
7.1 Generation of key pairs . 16
7.2 Public-key certificate creation. 16
7.3 Certificate Validity. 16
7.4 Repudiation of a digital signing . 19
8 Public-key certificate and CRL extensions. 19
8.1 Policy handling. 20
8.2 Key and policy information extensions. 23
8.3 Subject and issuer information extensions. 29
8.4 Certification path constraint extensions . 31
8.5 Basic CRL extensions . 35
8.6 CRL distribution points and delta-CRL extensions. 44
9 Delta CRL relationship to base. 49
10 Certification path processing procedure . 50
10.1 Path processing inputs. 51
10.2 Path processing outputs . 51
10.3 Path processing variables. 52
10.4 Initialization step . 52
10.5 Certificate processing. 52
11 PKI directory schema . 55
11.1 PKI directory object classes and name forms . 55
11.2 PKI directory attributes . 56
11.3 PKI directory matching rules. 58
SECTION 3 – ATTRIBUTE CERTIFICATE FRAMEWORK. 63
12 Attribute Certificates. 64
12.1 Attribute certificate structure. 64
12.2 Attribute certificate paths. 66
13 Attribute Authority, SOA and Certification Authority relationship . 66
13.1 Privilege in attribute certificates. 68
13.2 Privilege in public-key certificates. 68
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
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14 PMI models. 68
14.1 General model. 68
14.2 Control model . 70
14.3 Delegation model. 71
14.4 Group assignment model . 72
14.5 Roles model. 72
14.6 Recognition of Authority Model . 74
14.7 XML privilege information attribute . 77
14.8 Permission attribute and matching rule . 78
15 Privilege management certificate extensions . 78
15.1 Basic privilege management extensions. 79
15.2 Privilege revocation extensions. 82
15.3 Source of Authority extensions . 82
15.4 Role extensions. 85
15.5 Delegation extensions . 86
15.6 Recognition of Authority Extensions. 90
16 Privilege path processing procedure . 92
16.1 Basic processing procedure . 93
16.2 Role processing procedure . 94
16.3 Delegation processing procedure. 94
17 PMI directory schema. 96
17.1 PMI directory object classes. 96
17.2 PMI Directory attributes. 98
17.3 PMI general directory matching rules. 99
18 Directory authentication. 101
18.1 Simple authentication procedure . 101
18.2 Strong Authentication . 103
19 Access control . 109
20 Protection of Directory operations. 110
Annex A – Public-Key and Attribute Certificate Frameworks . 111
Annex B – CRL generation and processing rules. 133
B.1 Introduction . 133
B.2 Determine parameters for CRLs. 134
B.3 Determine CRLs required . 135
B.4 Obtain CRLs. 136
B.5 Process CRLs. 136
Annex C – Examples of delta CRL issuance. 140
Annex D – Privilege policy and privilege attribute definition examples . 142
D.1 Introduction . 142
D.2 Sample syntaxes . 142
D.3 Privilege attribute example. 146
Annex E – An introduction to public key cryptography . 147
Annex F – Reference definition of algorithm object identifiers. 149
Annex G – Examples of use of certification path constraints. 150
G.1 Example 1: Use of basic constraints. 150
G.2 Example 2: Use of policy mapping and policy constraints . 150
G.3 Use of Name Constraints Extension. 150
Annex H – Guidance on determining for which policies a certification path is valid. 159
H.1 Certification path valid for a user-specified policy required . 159
H.2 Certification path valid for any policy required . 160
H.3 Certification path valid regardless of policy. 160
H.4 Certification path valid for a user-specific policy desired, but not required . 160
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
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Annex I – Key usage certificate extension issues. 161
Annex J – External ASN.1 modules. 162
Annex K – Use of Protected Passwords for Bind operations . 169
Annex L – Alphabetical list of information item definitions. 170
Annex M – Amendments and corrigenda . 173
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 6, Telecommunications and information exchange between systems, in collaboration with
ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. X.509 (11/2008).
This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition (ISO/IEC 9594-8:2005), which has been technically
revised.
ISO/IEC 9594 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Open Systems
Interconnection — The Directory:
⎯ Part 1: Overview of concepts, models and services
⎯ Part 2: Models
⎯ Part 3: Abstract service definition
⎯ Part 4: Procedures for distributed operation
⎯ Part 5: Protocol specifications
⎯ Part 6: Selected attribute types
⎯ Part 7: Selected object classes
⎯ Part 8: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks
⎯ Part 9: Replication
⎯ Part 10: Use of systems management for administration of the Directory
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
Introduction
This Recommendation | International Standard, together with other Recommendations | International Standards, has
been produced to facilitate the interconnection of information processing systems to provide directory services. A set of
such systems, together with the directory information which they hold, can be viewed as an integrated whole, called the
Directory. The information held by the Directory, collectively known as the Directory Information Base (DIB), is
typically used to facilitate communication between, with or about objects such as application-entities, people, terminals
and distribution lists.
The Directory plays a significant role in Open Systems Interconnection, whose aim is to allow, with a minimum of
technical agreement outside of the interconnection standards themselves, the interconnection of information processing
systems:
– from different manufacturers;
– under different managements;
– of different levels of complexity; and
– of different ages.
Many applications have requirements for security to protect against threats to the communication of information.
Virtually all security services are dependent upon the identities of the communicating parties being reliably known, i.e.,
authentication.
This Recommendation | International Standard defines a framework for public-key certificates. That framework
includes specification of data objects used to represent the certificates themselves as well as revocation notices for
issued certificates that should no longer be trusted. The public-key certificate framework defined in this
Recommendation | International Standard, while it defines some critical components of a Public-key Infrastructure
(PKI), it does not define a PKI in its entirety. However, this Recommendation | International Standard provides the
foundation upon which full PKIs and their specifications would be built.
Similarly, this Recommendation | International Standard defines a framework for attribute certificates. That framework
includes specification of data objects used to represent the certificates themselves as well as revocation notices for
issued certificates that should no longer be trusted. The attribute certificate framework defined in this
Recommendation | International Standard, while it defines some critical components of a Privilege Management
Infrastructure (PMI), does not define a PMI in its entirety. However, this Recommendation | International Standard
provides the foundation upon which full PMIs and their specifications would be built.
Information objects for holding PKI and PMI objects in the Directory and for comparing presented values with stored
values are also defined.
This Recommendation | International Standard also defines a framework for the provision of authentication services by
the Directory to its users.
This Recommendation | International Standard provides the foundation frameworks upon which industry profiles can be
defined by other standards groups and industry forums. Many of the features defined as optional in these frameworks
may be mandated for use in certain environments through profiles. This sixth edition technically revises and enhances,
but does not replace, the fifth edition of this Recommendation | International Standard. Implementations may still claim
conformance to the fifth edition. However, at some point, the fifth edition will not be supported (i.e., reported defects
will no longer be resolved). It is recommended that implementations conform to this sixth edition as soon as possible.
This sixth edition specifies versions 1, 2 and 3 of public-key certificates and versions 1 and 2 of certificate revocation
lists. This edition also specifies version 2 of attribute certificates.
The extensibility function was added in an earlier edition with version 3 of the public-key certificate and with version 2
of the certificate revocation list and was incorporated into the attribute certificate from its initial inception. This
function is specified in clause 7. It is anticipated that any enhancements to this edition can be accommodated using this
function and avoid the need to create new versions
Annex A, which is an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides the ASN.1 modules
which contain all of the definitions associated with the frameworks.
Annex B, which is an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides rules for generating and
processing Certificate Revocation Lists.
Annex C, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides examples of delta-
CRL issuance.
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008(E)
Annex D, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides examples of privilege
policy syntaxes and privilege attributes.
Annex E, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, is an introduction to public-key
cryptography.
Annex F, which is an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, defines object identifiers assigned
to authentication and encryption algorithms, in the absence of a formal register.
Annex G, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, contains examples of the use of
certification path constraints.
Annex H, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides guidance for PKI
enabled applications on the processing of certificate policy while in the certificate path validation process.
Annex I, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides guidance on the use of
the contentCommitment bit in the keyUsage certificate extension.
Annex J, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, includes extracts of external
ASN.1 modules referenced by this Recommendation | International Standard.
Annex K, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, provides a suggested technique
for Bind protected password.
Annex L, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, contains an alphabetical list of
information item definitions in this Recommendation | International Standard.
Annex M, which is not an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard, lists the amendments and
defect reports that have been incorporated to form this edition of this Recommendation | International Standard.
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ISO/IEC 9594-8:2008 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ITU-T RECOMMENDATION
Information technology – Open systems interconnection –
The Directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks
SECTION 1 – GENERAL
1 Scope
This Recommendation | International Standard addresses some of the security requirements in the areas of
authentication and other security services through the provision of a set of frameworks upon which full services can be
based. Specifically, this Recommendation | International Standard defines frameworks for:
– Public-key certificates;
– Attribute certificates;
– Authentication services.
The public-key certificate framework defined in this Recommendation | International Standard includes definition of the
information objects for Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), including public-key certificates, and Certificate Revocation
List (CRL). The attribute certificate framework includes definition of the information objects for Privilege Management
Infrastructure (PMI), including attribute certificates, and Attribute Certificate Revocation List (ACRL). This
Recommendation | International Standard also provides the framework for issuing, managing, using and revoking
certificates. An extensibility mechanism is included in the defined formats for both certificate types and for all
revocation list schemes. This Recommendation | International Standard also includes a set of standard extensions for
each, which is expected to be generally useful across a number of applications of PKI and PMI. The schema
components (including object classes, attribute types and matching rules) for storing PKI and PMI objects in the
Directory, are included in this Recommendation | International Standard. Other elements of PKI and PMI, beyond these
frameworks, such as key and certificate management protocols, operational protocols, additional certificate and CRL
extensions are expected to be defined by other standards bodies (e.g., ISO TC 68, IETF, etc.).
The authentication scheme defined in this Recommendation | International Standard is generic and may be applied to a
variety of applications and environments.
The Directory makes use of public-key certificates and attribute certificates, and the framework for the Directory's use
of these facilities is also defined in this Recommendation | International Standard. Public-key technology, including
certificates, is used by the Directory to enable strong authentication, signed and/or encrypted operations, and for storage
of signed and/or encrypted data in the Directory. Attribute certificates can be used by the Directory to enable rule-based
access control. Although the framework for these is provided in this Recommendation | International Standard, the full
definition of the Directory's use of these frameworks, and the associated services provided by the Directory and its
components is supplied in the complete set of X.500 ITU-T series of Recommendation | ISO/IEC 9594 (all parts).
This Recommendation | International Standard, in the Authentication services framework, also:
– specifies the form of authentication information held by the Directory;
– describes how authentication information may be obtained from the Directory;
– states the assumptions made about how authentication information is formed and placed in the Directory;
– defines three ways in which applications may use this authentication information to perform
authentication and describes how other security services may be supported by authentication.
This Recommendation | International Standard describes two levels of authentication: simple authentication, using a
password as a verification of claimed identity; and strong authentication, involving credentials formed using
cryptographic techniques. While simple authentication offers some limited protection against unauthorized access, only
strong authentication should be used as the basis for providing secure services. It is not intended to establish this as a
general framework for authentication, but it can be of general use for applications which consider these techniques
adequate.
Authentication (and other security services) can only be provided within the context of a defined security policy. It is a
matt
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