ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996
(Main)Information technology — Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) — Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]
Information technology — Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) — Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]
Is part of the POSIX series of standards for applications and user interfaces to open systems. It defines the applications interface to basic system services for input/output, file system access, and process management.
Technologies de l'information — Interface pour la portabilité des systèmes (POSIX) — Partie 1: Interface programme de systèmes d'application (API) [Langage C]
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
ISO/IEC
STANDARD
9945-l
ANSI/IEEE
Std 1003.1
Second edition
1996-07-12
Information technology - Portable
Operating System Interface (POSlX@) -
Part 1:
System Application Program Interface (API)
[C Language]
Technologies de /‘information - Interface pour la portabilit6 des syst&mes
(POSIX@) -
Partie 7: Interface programme de systemes d’application (API) [Langage C]
Reference number
ISO/I EC 9945-l : 1996(E)
ANSI/IEEE
Std 1003.1, 1996 Edition
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International Standard ISO/IEC 9945-l: 1996 (E)
IEEE Std 1003.1,1996 Edition
(Incorporating ANSI/IEEE Stds 1003.1-1990, 1003.113-1993,
1003.1c-1995, and 1003.li-1995)
Information technology-
Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX@)-Part 1:
System Application Program
Interface (API) [C Language]
Sponsor
Portable Applications Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
*g-e
b 8
Adopted as an International Standard by the
*-Jr,
International Organization for Standardization
H
and by the
International Electrotechnical Commission
w
- American National Standard
Published by
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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Abstract: This standard is part of the POSIX series of standards for applications
and user interfaces to open systems. It defines the applications interface to basic sys-
tem services for input/output, file system access, and process management. It also
defines a format for data interchange. When options specified in the Realtime Exten-
sion are included, the standard also defines interfaces appropriate for realtime appli-
cations. When options specified in the Threads Extension are included, the standard
also defines interfaces appropriate for multithreaded applications. This standard is
stated in terms of its C language binding.
Keywords: API, application portability, C (programming language), data processing,
information interchange, open systems, operating system, portable application,
POSIX, programming language, realtime, system configuration computer interface,
threads
POSIX is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Quote in 8.1.2.3 on Returns is taken from ANSI X3.159-1989, developed under the auspices of the Amer-
ican National Standards Accredited Committee X3 Technical Committee X3Jll.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA
Copyright 0 1996 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 1996.
Printed in the United States ofAmerica,
ISBN l-55937-573-6
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
12 July 1996
SH94352
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Contents
PAGE
xi
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xii
Organization of This Part ofISO/IEC 9945 . . . . . . . . . . .
xl11 l ‘*
Base Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xl11 ‘**
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Audience l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l xiv
l Xiv
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Purpose
Related Standard’s Activities’ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l xix
Sectionl~Generaleeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1
1
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
1.1 Scope
3
1.2 Normatiie kef’erekces l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
3
1.3 Conformance l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
11
Section 2: Terminology and General Requirements l l l l l l l l
11
2.1 Conventions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 12
2.2 Definitions
30
2.3 General Concepts l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
33
2.4 ErrorNumbers l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
37
2.5 Primitive System Data Types l l l l l l l l l l l l l
38
2.6 Environment Description l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
40
2.7 C Language Definitions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
47
2.8 NumericalLimits l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
52
2.9 Symbolic Constants l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
57
Section 3: Process Primitives l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
57
3.1 Process Creation and Execution l l l l l l l l l l l l
57
3.1.1 Process Creation l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
59
3.1.2 ExecuteaFile l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
64
3.1.3 Register Fork Handlers l l l l l l l l l l l l
65
3.2 Process Termination l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
65
3.2.1 Wait for Process Termination l l l l l l l l l l
68
3.2.2 Terminate a Process l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
70
3.3 Signals l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
70
3.3.1 Signal Concepts l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l 79
3.3.2 Send a Signal to a Process
l l l l l l l l 80
3.3.3 Manipulate Signal Sets
82
3.3.4 Examine and Change Signal Action l l l l l l l l l
84
3.3.5 Examine and Change Blocked Signals l l l l l l l
86
3.3.6 Examine Pending Signals l l l l l l l l l l l l
87
3.3.7 Wait for a Signal l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
88
3.3.8 Synchronously Accept a Signal l l l l l l l l l l
ii
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90
3.3.9 Queue a Signal to a Process l . l . l l l l l l l
92
3.3.10 Send a Signal to aThread l l l l l l l l l l . l
3.4 Timer Operations l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 93
3.4.1 ScheduleAlarm l eeeeeeeeeeeeee 93
3.4.2 Suspend Process Execution l l l l l l l l l l l 94
3.4.3 Delay Process Execution l l l l l l l l l l l l 94
97
Section 4: Process Environment l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
4.1 Process1dentification. 97
97
4.1.1 Get Process and Parent Process IDS l l l l l l l l
4.2 User Identification l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 98
4.2.1 Get Real User, Effective User, Real Group, and Effective Group
l l l l l l l l l l l l 98
IDS
98
l l l l l l l l l l
4.2.2 Set User andeGroup 16s l
100
4.2.3 Get Supplementary Group ;Ds’ l l l l . l l l l l
101
4.2.4 Get User Name l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
102
4.3 Process Groups l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
102
4.3.1 Get Process GroupID l l l l l l l l l l e l l
l l l l l l 103
4.3.2 Create Session and Set Process Group ID
103
4.3.3 Set Process Group ID for Job Control l l l l l l l l
105
4.4 System Identification l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
105
4.4.1 Get System Name l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l 106
l l l
4.5 Time
106
4.5.1 Get SystemTimk l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
106
4.5.2 Get Process Times l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
108
4.6 Environment Variables l l l l l l . l l . l l l l .
108
4.6.1 Environment Access l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
108
4.7 Terminal Identification l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
108
4.7.1 Generate Terminal Pathname l l l l l l l l l l
109
4.7.2 Determine Terminal Device Name l l l l l l l l l
110
4.8 Configurable System Variables l l l l l l l l l l l l
110
4.8.1 Get Configurable System Variables l l l l l l l l
113
Section 5: Files and Directories l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l 113
5.1 Directories
113
5.1.1 Format’of’oirectory Entries’ l l l l l l l l l l l
113
5.1.2 Directory Operations l l l l l l l l l l l l l
116
5.2 Working Directory l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
116
5.2.1 Change Current Working Directory l l l l l l l l
117
5.2.2 Get Working Directory Pathname l l l l l l l l l
118
5.3 General File Creation l l l l l l l l l l l . l l l l
118
5.3.1 Open aFile l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
122
5.3.2 Create a New File or Rewrite an Existing One l l l . l
122
5.3.3 Set File Creation Mask l l l l l l l l l l l l l
123
5.3.4 Link to a File l l l l l l l l . l l l l . l l
125
5.4 Special File Creation l l l l l l l l l l l l . l l l
125
5.4.1 Make a Directory l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
126
5.4.2 Make a FIFO Special File l l l l l l l l l l l l
127
5.5 File Removal l l l l l l l l l l l l l e l l l l l
127
5.5.1 Remove Directory Entries l l l l l l l l l l l l
. . .
111
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5.5.2 Remove a Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.5.3 Rename a File . l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
5.6 File Characteristics l l l l 132
5.6.1 File Character&i& ieider and ‘Data Str’ucture l l l l 132
5.6.2 Get File Status l l l l l l l l l l l l 134
5.6.3 Check File Accessibility l l l l l l l l l l l l l 136
5.6.4 Change File Modes l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 137
5.6.5 Change Owner and Group of a File l l l l l l l 139
5.6.6 Set File Access and Modification Times’ l l l l l l l 140
5.6.7 Truncate a File to a Specified Length l l l l l l l l 142
5.7 Configurable Pathname Variables l l l l l l l 143
5.7.1 Get Configurable Pathname Variables l l l l l l l l 143
Section 6: Input and Output Primitives l l l l l l l l l l l l 147
l l l l l l l l l 147
6.1 Pipes
6.1.1 Create an !Inte&roce’ss Channel l l l l l l l l l l 147
l l 148
6.2 File Descriptor Manipulation l l l l l l l l l l l
l l 148
6.2.1 Duplicate an Open File Descriptor l l l l l l l
6.3 File Descriptor Deassignment l l l l l l l l l l l l l 149
6.3.1 Close a File l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 149
l l 151
6.4 Input and Output l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l 151
6.4.1 Read from a File l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l 153
6.4.2 Write to a File l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l 156
6.5 Control Operations on Files l l l l l l l l l l l l
6.5.1 Data Definitions for File Control Operations l l l l l 156
6.5.2 File Control l l l l l l l l l 156
6.5.3 Reposition Readlw;it;! Filebffset l l l l l l l l l 161
l l 163
6.6 File Synchronization l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
6.6.1 Synchronize the State of a File l l l l l l l l l l 163
l l 164
6.6.2 Synchronize the Data of a File l l l l l l l l
l l 165
6.7 Asynchronous Input and Output l l l l l l l l l l
6.7.1 Data Definitions for Asynchronous Input and Output l l 165
l l 168
6.7.2 Asynchronous Read l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l 170
6.7.3 Asynchronous Write l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l 172
6.7.4 List Directed I/O l l l l l l l l l l l l l
175
6.7.5 Retrieve Error Status of Asynchronous I/O Operation l l
6.7.6 Retrieve Return Status of Asynchronous I/O Operation l l 176
6.7.7 Cancel Asynchronous I/O Request l l l l l l l l l 177
l l l l l l l l 178
6.7.8 Wait for Asynchronous I/O Request
l l 180
6.7.9 Asynchronous File Synchronization l l l l l l
183
Section 7: Device- and Class-Specific Functions l l l l l l l l l l
183
7.1 General Terminal Interface l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
183
7.1.1 Interface Characteristics l l l l l l l l l l l l
183
7.1.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File l l l l l l
183
7.1.1.2 Process Groups l l l l l l l l l l l l
184
7.1.1.3 The Controlling Terminal l l l l l l l l l
184
7.1.1.4 Terminal Access Control l l l l l l l l l
185
7.1.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data l l l l l
186
7.1.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing l l l l l l
iv
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186
7.1.1.7 Noncanonical Mode Input Processing l l l l l
187
7.1.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing l l l l l
187
7.1.1.9 Special Characters l l l l l l l l l l l
189
7.1.1.10 Modem Disconnect l l l l l l l l l l l
189
7.1.1.11 Closing a Terminal Device File l l l l l l l
189
7.1.2 Parameters That Can Be Set l l l l l l l l l l l
189
7.1.2.1 termios Structure l l l l l l l l l l l
190
7.1.2.2 Input Modes l l l l l l l l l l l l l
191
7.1.2.3 Output Modes l l l l l l l l l l l l
192
7.1.2.4 Control Modes l l l l l l l l l l l l
193
7.1.2.5 Local Modes l l l l l l l l l l l l l
194
7.1.2.6 Special Control Characters l l l l l l l l
195
7.1.2.7 Baud RateValues l l l l l l l l l l l
195
7.1.3 Baud Rate Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l
195
7.1.3.1 Synopsis l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
196
7.1.3.2 Description l l l l l l l l l l l l l
196
7.1.3.3 Returns l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l 196
7.1.3.4 Errors
196
l l l l l l l
7.1.3.5 Cross-References l
197
7.2 General Terminal Interface Control Functions’ l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l 197
Get and Set State l
7.2.1
l l l l l l l l l 199
7.2.2 Line Control Functions l
201
7.2.3 Get Foreground Process Group 1; l l l l l l l l l
202
7.2.4 Set Foreground Process Group ID l l l l l l l l l
l 205
Section 8: Language-Specific Services for the C Programming Language
205
8.1 Referenced C Language Routines l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l 206
8.1.1 Extensions to Time Functions
208
8.1.2 Extensions to setZocaZe() Function l l l l l l l l l
209
8.2 C Language Input/Output Functions l l l l l l l l l l
210
8.2.1 Map a Stream Pointer to a File Descriptor l l l l l l
211
8.2.2 Open a Stream on a File Descriptor l l l l l l l l
212
8.2.3 Interactions of Other FILE-Type C Functions l l l l l
216
8.2.4 Operations on Files - the remove () Function l l l l l
216
8.2.5 Temporary File Name - the tmpnam() Function l l l l
216
8.2.6 Stdio Locking Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l
217
8.2.7 Stdio With Explicit Client Locking l l l l l l w l l
218
8.3 Other C Language Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l
218
8.3.1 Nonlocal Jumps l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
219
8.3.2 Set Time Zone l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
219
8.3.3 Find String Token l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
220
8.3.4 ASCII Time Representation l l l l l l l l l l l
221
8.3.5 Current Time Representation l l l l l l l l l l
222
8.3.6 Coordinated Universal Time l l l l l l l l l l l
223
8.3.7 LocalTime l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
223
8.3.8 Pseudo-Random Sequence Generation Functions l l l l
225
Section 9: System Databases l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
225
9.1 System Databases l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
226
9.2 Database Access l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
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9.2.1 Group Database Access l l l l l l l l l l l l 226
9.2.2 User Database Access l l l l l l l l l l l l l 227
Section 10: Data Interchange Format l l l l l l l l l l l l l 231
10.1 Archive/Interchange File Format l l l l l l l l l l l l 231
10.1.1 Extended tar Format l l l l l l l l l l l l l 231
10.1.2 Extended cpio Format l l l l l l l l l l l l 235
10.1.3 Multiple Volumes l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 239
l
Section 11: Synchronization l l l l l l l l l l l l l 241
11.1 Semaphore Characteristics l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 241
11.2 Semaphore Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 241
11.2.1 Initialize an Unnamed Semaphore l l l l l l l l l
241
11.2.2 Destroy an Unnamed Semaphore l l l l l l l l l 243
11.2.3 Initialize/Open a Named Semaphore l l l l l l l l 244
11.2.4 Close a Named Semaphore l l l l l l l l l l l 246
11.2.5 RemoveaNamed Semaphore l l l l l l l l l l 247
11.2.6 Locka Semaphore l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 248
l
11.2.7 Unlock a Semaphore l l l l l l l l l 250
11.2.8 Get thevalue of a Semaphore’ l l l l l l l l l l 251
11.3 Mutexes l l l l l l l l l l 252
11.3.1 Mu&x Initiahza’tioh Attributes l l l l l l l l 253
11.3.2 Initializing and Destroying a Mutex’ l l l l l l l l 255
l l l l l l l l l
11.3.3 Locking and Unlocking a Mutex 257
11.4 Condition Variables l l l l l 259
l l l l
11.4.1 Condition Variable’In~tializ’atibn Attributes l 259
11.4.2 Initializing and Destroying Condition Variables’ l l l l 261
11.4.3 Broadcasting and Signaling a Condition l l l l l l l 263
11.4.4 Waiting on a Condition l l l l l l l l l l l l l 264
Section 12: Memory Management l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 267
12.1 Memory Locking Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 268
12.1.1 Lock/Unlock the Address Space of a Process l l l l 268
12.1.2 Lock/Unlock a Range of Process Address Space l l l l l 270
12.2 Memory Mapping Functions l l l l l 272
12.2.1 Map Process Addresses tb a’ M’embr; Object l l l l l l 272
12.2.2 Unmap Previously Mapped Addresses l l l l l l l 276
12.2.3 Change Memory Protection l l l l l l l l l l l 277
12.2.4 Memory Object Synchronization l l l l l l l l l 279
12.3 Shared Memory Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 281
12.3.1 Open a Shared Memory Object l l l l l l l l l l 281
12.3.2 Remove a Shared Memory Object l l l l l l l l l
284
Section 13: Execution Scheduling l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 287
13.1 Scheduling Parameters l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 287
13.2 Scheduling Policies l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 287
13.2.1 SCHED FIFO l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 288
l l l l l l l l l l l l
13.2.2 SCHED-RR l l l 289
.
l l l l l l l l l
13.2.3 SCHED-OTHER l l l l l 289
13.3 Process Scheduling Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l
290
vi
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
290
13.3.1 Set Scheduling Parameters l l l l l l l l l l l
291
13.3.2 Get Scheduling Parameters l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l 293
13.3.3 Set Scheduling Policy and Scheduling Parameters
294
13.3.4 Get Scheduling Policy l l l l l l l l l l l l l
295
13.3.5 Yield Processor l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
296
13.3.6 Get Scheduling Parameter Limits l l l l l l l l l
297
13.4 Thread Scheduling l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
298
13.4.1 Thread Scheduling Attributes l l l l l l l l l l
298
13.4.2 Scheduling Contention Scope l l l l l l l l l l
299
13.4.3 Scheduling Allocation Domain l l l l l l l l l l
300
13.4.4 Scheduling Documentation l l l l l l l l l l l
300
13.5 Thread Scheduling Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l
300
13.5.1 Thread Creation Scheduling Attributes l l l l l l l
302
13.5.2 Dynamic Thread Scheduling Parameters Access l l l l
l 304
l l l l l
13.6 Synchronization Scheduling
304
13.6.1 Mutex Initialization Scheduling Attribute’s l l l l l l
307
13.6.2 Change the Priority Ceiling of a Mutex l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l 309
Section 14: Clocks and Timers
l l l 309
l l l l
14.1 Data Definitions for Clocks ahdeTimers l l l
l 309
l l l l l l l
14.1.1 Time Value Specification Structures
l 310
l l l l l l
14.1.2 Timer Event Notification Control Block
l l l 310
l l l l
14.1.3 Type Definitions l l l l l l l l
l 310
l l l l l l
14.1.4 Manifest Constants l l l l l l l
l 311
l l l l l l
14.2 Clock and Timer Functions l l l l l l l
l l l l l 311
l l l l l l
14.2.1 Clocks
l 312
l l l l l l
14.2.2 Create a Per:Process ‘&rner’ l l l l
l 314
l l l l l l
14.2.3 Delete a Per-Process Timer l l l l
315
l l l l l l l
14.2.4 Per-Process Timers l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l 317
14.2.5 High Resolution Sleep l l l l l l
319
Section 15: Message Passing l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
319
15.1 Data Definitions for Message Queues l l l l l l l l l l
319
15.1.1 Data Structures l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
320
15.2 Message Passing Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
320
15.2.1 Open aMessage Queue l l l l l l l l l l l l
323
15.2.2 Close a Message Queue l l l l l l l l l l l l
324
15.2.3 Remove a Message Queue l l l l l l l l l l l l
325
15.2.4 Send a Message to a Message Queue l l l l l l l l
327
15.2.5 Receive a Message From a Message Queue l l l l l l
l
328
15.2.6 Notify Process That a Message is Available on a Queue
329
15.2.7 Set Message Queue Attributes l l l l l l l l l l
331
15.2.8 Get Message Queue Attributes l l l l l l l l l l
333
Section 16: Thread Management l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l 333
l l l l l l l l l
16.1 Threads
l l l l l l l l l l l 333
16.2 Thread Functions’
333
16.2.1 Thread Creation Attributes’ l l l l l l l l l l l
336
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
16.2.2 Thread Creation
337
16.2.3 Wait for Thread Termination l l l l l l l l l l
vii
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16.2.4 Detaching a Thread l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 338
16.2.5 Thread Termination l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 339
16.2.6 Get ThreadID l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 340
16.2.7 Compare Thread IDS l l l l l l l l l l 341
16.2.8 Dynamic Package Initializa’tioh l l l l l l l l l l
342
Section 17: Thread-Specific Data l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 343
17.1 Thread-Specific Data Functions l l l l l l l l l 343
17.1.1 Thread-Specific Data Key Creation l l l l l l l l 343
17.1.2 Thread-Specific Data Management l l l l l l l l
344
17.1.3 Thread-Specific Data Key Deletion l l l l l l l l l
346
Section 18: Thread Cancellation l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 347
18.1 Thread Cancellation Over-vie; l l l l l l l l l l l l l 347
18.1.1 Cancelability States l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 347
18.1.2 Cancellation Points l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 348
18.1.3 Thread Cancellation Cleanup Handlers l l l l l l l 349
18.1.4 Async-Cancel Safety l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 349
18.2 Thread Cancellation Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l 350
18.2.1 Canceling Execution of a Thread l l l l l l l l l 350
18.2.2 Setting Cancelability State l l l l l l l l 351
18.2.3 Establishing Cancellation Handlers l l l l l l l 352
18.3 Language-Independent Cancellation Functionality l l l l l l 353
18.3.1 Requesting Cancellation l l l l l l l l l l l l 353
18.3.2 Associating Cleanup Code With SCOPES l l l l l l l 353
18.3.3 Controlling Cancellation Within Scopes l l l l l l l 354
18.3.4 Defined Cancellation Sequence l l l l l l l l l l 354
18.3.5 List of Cancellation Points l l l l l l l l l l l 354
l
Annex A (informative) Bibliography l l l l l l l l l l l 355
A.1 Related Open Systems Standards l l l l l l l l l l l 355
A.2 Other Standards l l l l l l 357
A.3 Historical Documentation l and IhtrbductoryeTexts l l l l l l 358
A.4 Other Sources of Information l l l l l l l l l l l l l 360
Annex B (informative) Rationale and Notes l l l l l l l l l l l 361
B. 1 Scope and Normative Cross-References l l l l l l l l l l 361
B.2 Definitions and General Requirements l l l l l l l l l l 373
B.3 Process Primitives l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 413
B.4 Process Environment l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 446
B.5 Files and Directories l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 453
B.6 Input and Output Primitives l l l l l l l l l l l l l
464
B .7 Device- and Class-Specific Functions l l
481
B.8 Language-Specific Services for the C P’gramming Language l l 492
B.9 System Databases l l l l l w l l l l l l l l l l l 504
B.10 Data Interchange Format l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
505
l
B. 11 Synchronization l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 512
B.12 Memory Management l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l :
530
B.13 Execution Scheduling l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
543
B.14 Clocks andTimers l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 552
. . .
Vlll
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560
B.15 Message Passing l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
564
B.16 Thread Management l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
572
B.17 Thread-Specific Data l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
576
B.18 Thread Cancellation l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
587
Annex C (informative) Header Contents Samples l l l l l l l l l
607
Annex D (informative) Profiles l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l 607
l l l l l
D. 1 Definitions
609
D.2 Options in This Pardof;S;)/I&9945 l l l l l l l l l l l
609
D.3 Related Standards l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
609
D.4 Related Activities l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
610
D.5 Relationship to IEEE Std 1003.0-1995 l l l l l l l l l i
611
Annex E (informative) Sample National Profile l l l l l l l l l
612
E. 1 (Example) Profile for Denmark l l l l l l l l l l l l
615
Annex F (informative) Portability Considerations l l l l l l l l l
615
F.l User Requirements l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
617
F.2 Portability Capabilities l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
622
F.3 Profiling Considerations l l l l l l e l l l l l l l l
631
Annex G (informative) Performance Metrics l l l l l l l l l l l
631
G.l Performance Measurement Documentation l l l l l l l l
632
G.2 Signals l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
633
G.3 Synchronized Input and Output l l l l l l l l l l l l
635
G.4 Asynchronous Input and Output l l l l l l l l l l l l
637
G.5 Semaphores l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
638
G.6 Mutexes and Condition Variables l l l l l l l l l l l l
639
G.7 Process Memory Locking l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
640
G.8 SharedMemory l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
640
G.9 Execution Scheduling l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
643
G.10 Clocks and Timers l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
645
G.11 Message Passing l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
646
G.12 Thread Management l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
647
G.13 Thread Cancellation l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
649
Annex H (informative) Realtime Files l l l l l l l l l l l l l
650
H.l Data Definitions for Realtime Files l l l l l l l l l l l
656
H.2 Realtime File Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
668
H.3 Realtime Files l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
670
H.4 Rationale for Realtime Files l l l l l l l l l l l l l
673
H.5 Realtime File Functions l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
679
Identifier Index l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
691
Alphabetic Topical Index l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
iX
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
TABLES
-
Table 2-l Primitive System Data Types l l l l l l l l l l 38
-
Table 2-2 Reserved Header Symbols l l l l l l l l l l l l 42
-
Table 2-3 MinimumValues l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 48
-
Table 2-4 Run-Time Increasable Values l l 49
-
l l
Table 2-5 Run-Time Invariant Values (Possibly Indeterminate) l 50
-
Pathname Variable Values l l l l l l l l l l l 51
Table 2-6
-
Table 2-7 Invariant Value l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 52
-
Table 2-7a MaximumValues l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 52
-
Table 2-8 Symbolic Constants for the access0 Function l l l l l 53
-
Table 2-S Symbolic Constants for the Zseek() Function l l l l l 53
-
Table 2-10 Compile-Time Symbolic Constants l l l l l l l l l 54
-
Table 2-11 Execution-Time Symbolic Constants l l l l l l l l 55
-
Table 3-l Required Signals l l l l l l l l l l l
...
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