ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011

Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data — Part 10:

ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011 defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding continuous-tone, bi-level, grey-scale, colour digital volumetric images, or multi-component volumetric images. This set of methods extends the elements in the core coding system described in Rec. ITU‑T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Extensions which pertain to encoding and decoding are defined as procedures which may be used in combination with the encoding and decoding processes described in Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Each encoding or decoding extension shall be used only in combination with particular coding processes and only in accordance with the requirements set forth herein. ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011 also defines extensions to the compressed data format, i.e. interchange format and the abbreviated formats. In particular, for Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2, the following extensions are supported by ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011: variable DC offset; arbitrary wavelet transform kernels; multi-component transformations; non-linear transformations; region-of-interest.

Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images JPEG 2000: Extensions pour données tridimensionnelles — Partie 10:

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2011
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.30 - Coding of graphical and photographical information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 - JPEG Coding of digital representations of images
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 20-Jul-2021
• Completion Date: 19-Apr-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 15444-10:2008 - Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data — Part 10:
• Effective Date: 16-Feb-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15444-10
Second edition
2011-12-15
Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system: Extensions for
three-dimensional data
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images
JPEG 2000: Extensions pour données tridimensionnelles

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2011
©  ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published by ISO in 2012
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations . 2
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 2
6 General description . 3
Annex A – Codestream syntax, extension . 4
A.1 Extended capabilities . 4
A.2 Extensions to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC
15444-2 marker segment parameters . 5
Annex B – Image and compressed image data ordering, extension . 16
B.1 Introduction . 16
B.2 Introduction to image data structure concepts . 16
B.3 Component mapping to the reference grid . 16
B.4 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . 16
B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and sub-bands . 18
B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts . 19
B.7 Division of sub-bands into code-blocks . 19
B.8 Packets . 20
B.9 Packet header information coding . 20
B.10 Progression order . 21
Annex C – Coefficient bit modelling . 23
C.1 Introduction . 23
C.2 Code-block scan pattern within code-blocks, extended . 23
C.3 Context model updates . 23
Annex D – Discrete wavelet transformation of tile-components . 24
D.1 Introduction . 24
D.2 Tile-component parameters . 24
D.3 Discrete wavelet transformations . 24
D.4 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation . 24
D.5 Forward transformation (informative) . 31
Annex E – Quantization . 38
E.1 Introduction . 38
E.2 Inverse quantization procedure modifications . 38
Annex F – Coding of images with regions-of-interest, extension. 39
F.1 Introduction . 39
F.2 Decoding of ROI . 39
F.3 Encoding with ROI (informative) . 40
F.4 Region-of-interest mask generation . 42
F.5 Remarks on region-of-interest coding . 44
Annex G – Examples and guidelines, extensions . 45
G.1 Rate-distortion modelling . 45
Bibliography . 46

© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 15444-10 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information, in collaboration with
ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. T.809.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15444-8:2008), which has been technically
revised.
ISO/IEC 15444 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system:
 Part 1: Core coding system
 Part 2: Extensions
 Part 3: Motion JPEG 2000
 Part 4: Conformance testing
 Part 5: Reference software
 Part 6: Compound image file format
 Part 8: Secure JPEG 2000
 Part 9: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols
 Part 10: Extensions for three-dimensional data
 Part 11: Wireless
 Part 12: ISO base media file format
 Part 13: An entry level JPEG 2000 encoder

iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
RECOMMENDATION ITU-T
Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system:
Extensions for three-dimensional data
1 Scope
This Recommendation | International Standard is a work item subdivision of ISO/IEC 15444 that provides extensions of
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for logically cuboidal data sets. In
particular, it respects all existing capabilities and syntax of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and part of the
existing capabilities of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for multi-component images, while providing alternatives
and extensions to some of those capabilities. Within these constraints, it provides an isotropic specification for three-
dimensional data sets, i.e., the project provides identical processing capabilities in all three dimensions even though
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 codestream syntax differentiates
between the two spatial axes and the cross-component axis. The context models currently used in this
Recommendation | International Standard are as in Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 |
ISO/IEC 15444-2. Improved context models will be introduced through an amendment.
2 Normative references
The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
Recommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
edition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently
valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently
valid ITU-T Recommendations.
– Recommendation ITU-T T.800 (2002) | ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004, Information technology – JPEG 2000
image coding system: Core coding system.
– Recommendation ITU-T T.801 (2002) | ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004, Information technology – JPEG 2000
image coding system: Extensions.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 3D bit-block: A three-dimensional array of bits. In this Recommendation | International Standard, a
3D bit-block refers to all the bits of the same magnitude in all coefficients or samples. This could refer to a 3D bit-block
in a component, tile-component, 3D code-block, region of interest, or other.
3.2 3D code-block: A rectangular three-dimensional grouping of coefficients from the same sub-band of a
tile-component.
3.3 3D code-block scan: The order in which the coefficients within a 3D code-block are visited during a coding
pass. The 3D code-block is processed in stripes, each consisting of four rows (or all remaining rows if less than four)
and spanning the width of the 3D code-block. Each stripe is processed column by column from top to bottom and from
left to right. The complete 3D code-block is consequently scanned slice by slice. Within a slice, Rec. ITU-T T.800 |
ISO/IEC 15444-1 is followed.
3.4 component (update of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): Compressed data from the codestream
representing a single set of two- or three-dimensional data.
3.5 conforming reader (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): An application that reads and
interprets a JP3D file correctly.
3.6 decomposition level (update of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): A collection of sub-bands where
each coefficient has the same spatial impact or span with respect to the original samples. These include the
[H|L|X][H|L|X][H|L|X] sub-band (e.g., LLL, LXL, XXH, …, exclusive XXX) split out of the three-dimensional
decomposition sublevels.
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 1
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
3.7 [H|L|X][H|L|X][H|L|X] sub-band: H refers to high-pass filtering and L to low-pass filtering, while X refers
to no filtering. The filter specified first refers to the horizontal filtering, the second to the vertical filtering and the third
to the axial filtering (i.e., respectively along X-, Y- and Z-axes). The filter ordering for this sub-band should always be
respected. The reconstruction will follow the inverse filtering order.
NOTE – The XXX sub-band does not exist (as defined in 3.6).
3.8 image (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): The set of all components, which can have either
two- or three-spatial dimensions.
3.9 image area offset (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): The number of r
...