ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011
(Main)Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data — Part 10:
Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data — Part 10:
ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011 defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding continuous-tone, bi-level, grey-scale, colour digital volumetric images, or multi-component volumetric images. This set of methods extends the elements in the core coding system described in Rec. ITU‑T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Extensions which pertain to encoding and decoding are defined as procedures which may be used in combination with the encoding and decoding processes described in Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Each encoding or decoding extension shall be used only in combination with particular coding processes and only in accordance with the requirements set forth herein. ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011 also defines extensions to the compressed data format, i.e. interchange format and the abbreviated formats. In particular, for Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2, the following extensions are supported by ISO/IEC 15444-10:2011: variable DC offset; arbitrary wavelet transform kernels; multi-component transformations; non-linear transformations; region-of-interest.
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images JPEG 2000: Extensions pour données tridimensionnelles — Partie 10:
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15444-10
Second edition
2011-12-15
Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system: Extensions for
three-dimensional data
Technologies de l'information — Système de codage d'images
JPEG 2000: Extensions pour données tridimensionnelles
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2011
© ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published by ISO in 2012
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations . 2
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 2
6 General description . 3
Annex A – Codestream syntax, extension . 4
A.1 Extended capabilities . 4
A.2 Extensions to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC
15444-2 marker segment parameters . 5
Annex B – Image and compressed image data ordering, extension . 16
B.1 Introduction . 16
B.2 Introduction to image data structure concepts . 16
B.3 Component mapping to the reference grid . 16
B.4 Image area division into tiles and tile-components . 16
B.5 Transformed tile-component division into resolution levels and sub-bands . 18
B.6 Division of resolution levels into precincts . 19
B.7 Division of sub-bands into code-blocks . 19
B.8 Packets . 20
B.9 Packet header information coding . 20
B.10 Progression order . 21
Annex C – Coefficient bit modelling . 23
C.1 Introduction . 23
C.2 Code-block scan pattern within code-blocks, extended . 23
C.3 Context model updates . 23
Annex D – Discrete wavelet transformation of tile-components . 24
D.1 Introduction . 24
D.2 Tile-component parameters . 24
D.3 Discrete wavelet transformations . 24
D.4 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation . 24
D.5 Forward transformation (informative) . 31
Annex E – Quantization . 38
E.1 Introduction . 38
E.2 Inverse quantization procedure modifications . 38
Annex F – Coding of images with regions-of-interest, extension. 39
F.1 Introduction . 39
F.2 Decoding of ROI . 39
F.3 Encoding with ROI (informative) . 40
F.4 Region-of-interest mask generation . 42
F.5 Remarks on region-of-interest coding . 44
Annex G – Examples and guidelines, extensions . 45
G.1 Rate-distortion modelling . 45
Bibliography . 46
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 15444-10 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information, in collaboration with
ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. T.809.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15444-8:2008), which has been technically
revised.
ISO/IEC 15444 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — JPEG 2000
image coding system:
Part 1: Core coding system
Part 2: Extensions
Part 3: Motion JPEG 2000
Part 4: Conformance testing
Part 5: Reference software
Part 6: Compound image file format
Part 8: Secure JPEG 2000
Part 9: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols
Part 10: Extensions for three-dimensional data
Part 11: Wireless
Part 12: ISO base media file format
Part 13: An entry level JPEG 2000 encoder
iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
RECOMMENDATION ITU-T
Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system:
Extensions for three-dimensional data
1 Scope
This Recommendation | International Standard is a work item subdivision of ISO/IEC 15444 that provides extensions of
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for logically cuboidal data sets. In
particular, it respects all existing capabilities and syntax of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and part of the
existing capabilities of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for multi-component images, while providing alternatives
and extensions to some of those capabilities. Within these constraints, it provides an isotropic specification for three-
dimensional data sets, i.e., the project provides identical processing capabilities in all three dimensions even though
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 codestream syntax differentiates
between the two spatial axes and the cross-component axis. The context models currently used in this
Recommendation | International Standard are as in Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 |
ISO/IEC 15444-2. Improved context models will be introduced through an amendment.
2 Normative references
The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
Recommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
edition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently
valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently
valid ITU-T Recommendations.
– Recommendation ITU-T T.800 (2002) | ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004, Information technology – JPEG 2000
image coding system: Core coding system.
– Recommendation ITU-T T.801 (2002) | ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004, Information technology – JPEG 2000
image coding system: Extensions.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 3D bit-block: A three-dimensional array of bits. In this Recommendation | International Standard, a
3D bit-block refers to all the bits of the same magnitude in all coefficients or samples. This could refer to a 3D bit-block
in a component, tile-component, 3D code-block, region of interest, or other.
3.2 3D code-block: A rectangular three-dimensional grouping of coefficients from the same sub-band of a
tile-component.
3.3 3D code-block scan: The order in which the coefficients within a 3D code-block are visited during a coding
pass. The 3D code-block is processed in stripes, each consisting of four rows (or all remaining rows if less than four)
and spanning the width of the 3D code-block. Each stripe is processed column by column from top to bottom and from
left to right. The complete 3D code-block is consequently scanned slice by slice. Within a slice, Rec. ITU-T T.800 |
ISO/IEC 15444-1 is followed.
3.4 component (update of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): Compressed data from the codestream
representing a single set of two- or three-dimensional data.
3.5 conforming reader (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): An application that reads and
interprets a JP3D file correctly.
3.6 decomposition level (update of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): A collection of sub-bands where
each coefficient has the same spatial impact or span with respect to the original samples. These include the
[H|L|X][H|L|X][H|L|X] sub-band (e.g., LLL, LXL, XXH, …, exclusive XXX) split out of the three-dimensional
decomposition sublevels.
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 1
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
3.7 [H|L|X][H|L|X][H|L|X] sub-band: H refers to high-pass filtering and L to low-pass filtering, while X refers
to no filtering. The filter specified first refers to the horizontal filtering, the second to the vertical filtering and the third
to the axial filtering (i.e., respectively along X-, Y- and Z-axes). The filter ordering for this sub-band should always be
respected. The reconstruction will follow the inverse filtering order.
NOTE – The XXX sub-band does not exist (as defined in 3.6).
3.8 image (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): The set of all components, which can have either
two- or three-spatial dimensions.
3.9 image area offset (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): The number of reference grid points
down, to the right (and to an increased axial position) of the reference grid origin.
3.10 intermediate component (update of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): A single two- or
three-dimensional array of data involved in a stage of a multiple component transformation.
3.11 raster order (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): A particular sequential order of data of any
type within an array. The raster order starts with the top left data point of the first slice and moves to the data point
immediately to the right, and so on to the end of the row. After the end of the row is reached, the next data point in the
sequence is the left-most data point immediately below the current row. This order is continued to the end of the slice.
Thereafter the next slice is processed in case of a three-dimensional array. This order is continued to the end of the
array.
3.12 resolution (update of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2): The spatial relation of samples to a physical
space. In this Recommendation | International Standard, the decomposition levels of the wavelet transform create
resolutions that differ by powers of two in the horizontal, the vertical, or – in the three-dimensional case – the axial
direction, or any possible combination of directions. The last (highest) decomposition level includes an [L|X][L|X][L|X]
sub-band (note that XXX is non-existing), which is considered to be a lower resolution. Therefore, there is one more
resolution level than decomposition levels.
3.13 resolution level (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): Equivalent to decomposition level with
the exception that the [L|X][L|X][L|X] sub-band is also a separate resolution level.
3.14 sample (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): One element in the two-dimensional or
three-dimensional array that comprises a component.
3.15 slice: A slice is a two-dimensional pixel subset of a volumetric entity, a volumetric code-block or a volumetric
image. A slice is positioned perpendicular to the axial or z-axis.
3.16 spatial coordinates: Spatial coordinates are indicated by x, y and z. Generally, the term axial will be used to
address the Z dimension.
3.17 sub-band (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): A group of transform coefficients resulting
from the same sequence of low-pass and high-pass filtering operations.
3.18 sub-band order: Within one resolution level, sub-bands are processed and signalled as defined in
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 for two-dimensional filtering,
following a Morton scanning order [1]. The specification is extended to the three-dimensional case by deploying
consequently a three-dimensional Morton scanning order.
3.19 tile (update of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1): A cuboidal array of points on the reference grid,
registered with an offset from the reference grid origin and defined by a width (x dimension), a height (y dimension) and
a depth (z dimension). The tiles that overlap are used to define tile-components.
4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the abbreviations defined in clause 4 of
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1, and clause 4 of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 also apply to this
Recommendation | International Standard.
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)
For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the symbols defined in clause 4 of
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1, and clause 5 of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 also apply to this
Recommendation | International Standard.
2 Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011)
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
6 General description
This Recommendation | International Standard defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods
for coding continuous-tone, bi-level, grey-scale, colour digital volumetric images, or multi-component volumetric
images. This set of methods (see An nex A) extends the elements in the core coding system described in
Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Extensions which pertain to encoding
and decoding are defined as procedures which may be used in combination with the encoding and decoding processes
described in Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2. Each encoding or
decoding extension shall be used only in combination with particular coding processes and only in accordance with the
requirements set forth herein. This Recommendation | International Standard also defines extensions to the compressed
data format, i.e., interchange format and the abbreviated formats.
In particular, for Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2, the following extensions are supported by this
Recommendation | International Standard:
1) variable DC offset;
2) arbitrary wavelet transform kernels;
3) multi-component transformations;
4) non-linear transformations;
5) region-of-interest.
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 3
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Annex A
Codestream syntax, extension
(This annex forms an integral part of this Recommendation | International Standard.)
A.1 Extended capabilities
The syntax in this annex supports the extensions in this Recommendation | International Standard. These marker
segments conform to the same rules as the syntax Annex A of Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1. The addition of
parameter values to some marker segments in Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 |
ISO/IEC 15444-2, and the addition of new marker segments signal the information specific to the extensions in this
Recommendation | International Standard.
In every marker segment, the first two bytes after the marker shall be an unsigned value that denotes the length in bytes
of the marker segment parameters (including the two bytes of this length parameter but not the two bytes of the marker
itself).
When a marker segment that is not specified in this Recommendation | International Standard or in Rec. ITU-T T.800 |
ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 is encountered in a codestream, the decoder shall use the
length parameter to discard the marker segment. Table A.1 shows the marker segment usage specified for this
Recommendation | International Standard.
Table A.1 – List of markers and marker segments
Rec. ITU-T T.80x |
Tile-part
Symbol Code Main header ISO/IEC 15444-x Heritage/
header
Extended
Delimiting markers and
marker segments
Start of codestream SOC 0xFF4F required not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Start of tile-part SOT 0xFF90 not allowed required Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Start of data SOD 0xFF93 not allowed last marker Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
End of codestream EOC 0xFFD9 not allowed not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Fixed information marker
segments
Image and tile size SIZ 0xFF51 required not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Additional dimension image NSI 0xFF54 required not allowed
and tile size
Extended capabilities CAP 0xFF50 required not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002)/
Amd.2 (2005) |
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/
Amd.2:2006
Functional marker
segments
Coding style default COD 0xFF52 required optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004,
Extended
Coding style component COC 0xFF53 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004,
Extended
Region-of-interest RGN 0xFF5E optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004,
Extended
Quantization default QCD 0xFF5C required optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004,
Extended
4 Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011)
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Table A.1 – List of markers and marker segments
Rec. ITU-T T.80x |
Tile-part
Symbol Code Main header ISO/IEC 15444-x Heritage/
header
Extended
Quantization component QCC 0xFF5D optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004,
Extended
Arbitrary transformation ATK 0xFF79 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
kernels ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Component bit depth CBD 0xFF78 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
definition ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Multiple component MCT 0xFF74 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
transformation definition ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Multiple component MCC 0xFF75 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
transform collection ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Multiple component MCO 0XFF77 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
transform ordering ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Non-linearity point NLT 0xFF76 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
transformation ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Variable DC offset DCO 0XFF70 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.801 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004
Pointer marker segments
Tile-part lengths TLM 0xFF55 optional not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Packet length, main header PLM 0xFF57 optional not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Packet length, tile-part header PLT 0xFF58 not allowed optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Packed packet headers, main PPM 0xFF60 optional not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
header ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
Packed packet headers, tile- PPT 0xFF61 not allowed optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
part header ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
In bit stream markers and
marker segments
Start of packet SOP 0xFF91 not allowed not allowed in Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
tile-part header, ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
optional in bit
stream
End of packet header EPH 0xFF92 optional inside optional inside Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
PPM marker PPT marker ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
segment segment or in
bit stream
Informational marker
segments
Component registration CRG 0xFF63 optional not allowed Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004,
Extended
Comment COM 0xFF64 optional optional Rec. ITU-T T.800 (2002) |
ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004
a)
Required means the marker or marker segment shall be in this header, optional means it may be used.
A.2 Extensions to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 and Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2
marker segment parameters
A.2.1 Additional dimension image and tile size (NSI)
Function: Provides information about the uncompressed image such as the depth of the reference grid, the depth of
the tiles, and the separation of component samples with respect to the reference grid.
Usage: Main header. There shall be one and only one in the main header.
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 5
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Length: Variable depending on the number of components.
n
ZRsiz
NSI Lnsi Ndim Zsiz ZOsiz ZTsiz ZTOsiz
i
ZRsiz
Figure A.1 – Additional dimension image and tile size syntax (extended)
NSI: Marker code. Table A.2 shows the size and parameter values of the symbol and parameters for
additional dimension image and tile size marker segment.
Lnsi: Length of marker segment in bytes (not including the marker). The value of this parameter is
determined by the following equation:
Lnsi =19 + Csiz (A-1)
Ndim: Defines the dimensionality of the dataset (disregarding the component dimension). This value is set to
3 by default.
Zsiz: Depth of the reference grid.
ZOsiz: Depth offset from the origin of the reference grid to the front left upper corner of the image volume.
ZTsiz: Depth of one reference tile with respect to the reference grid.
ZTOsiz: Vertical offset from the origin of the reference grid to the front left upper corner of the first tile.
i
ZRsiz : Depth separation of a sample of the ith component with respect to the reference grid. There is one
occurrence of this parameter for each component, in order.
Table A.2 – Additional dimension image and tile size
parameter values (extended)
Parameter Size (bits) Values
NSI 16 0xFF54
Lnsi 16 20-16403
Ndim 8 3
Zsiz 32 1-(2 – 1)
ZOsiz 32 0-(2 – 1)
ZTsiz 32 1-(2 – 1)
ZTOsiz 32 1-(2 – 2)
i
ZRsiz 8 1-255
A.2.2 Coding style default (COD), Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 extended
Function: Describes the coding style, number of decomposition levels and layering that is the default used for
compressing all components of an image (if in the main header) or a tile (if in the tile-part header). The
parameter values can be overridden for an individual component by a COC marker segment in either the
main or tile-part header.
Usage: Main and first tile-part header of a given tile. There shall be one and only one in the main header.
Additionally, there may be at most one for each tile. If there are multiple tile-parts in a tile, and this
marker segment is present, it shall be found only in the first tile-part (TPsot = 0).
When used in the main header, the COD marker segment parameter values are used for all tile-
components that do not have a corresponding COC marker segment in either the main or tile-part header.
When used in the tile-part header, it overrides the main header COD and COCs and is used for all
components in that tile without a corresponding COC marker segment in the tile-part. Thus, the order of
precedence is the following:
Tile-part COC > Tile-part COD > Main COC > Main COD
where the "greater than" sign, >, means that the greater overrides the lesser marker segment.
Length: Variable depending on the value of Scod (see Lcod parameter).
6 Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011)
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
SGcod
COD Lcod
Scod SPcod
Figure A.2 – Coding style default syntax
COD: Marker code. Table A.3 shows the size and values of the symbol and parameters for coding style
default marker segment.
Lcod: Length of marker segment in bytes (not including the marker). The value of this parameter is
determined by the following equation:
17 maximum_precincts
(A-2)
Lcoc =
17 + 2 ⋅ number_of_resolution_levels user_defined_precincts
where maximum_precincts and user_defined_precincts are indicated in the Scod parameter and
number_of_resolution_levels is calculated by use of the number of decomposition level parameters
for each of the three dimensions, X, Y and Z, as indicated in the SPcod parameter. The actual
equation for calculating the number of resolution levels is given in B.5.
Scod: Coding style for all components. Table A.4 shows the value for the Scod parameter.
SGcod: Parameters for coding style designated in Scod. The parameters are independent of components and
are designated, in order from top to bottom, in Table A.5. The coding style parameters within the
SGcod field appear in the sequence shown in Figure A.3.
SPcod: Parameters for coding style designated in Scod. The parameters relate to all components and are
designated, in order from top to bottom, in Table A.6. The coding style parameters within the SPcod
field appear in the sequence shown in Figure A.3.
Table A.3 – Coding style default parameters values, extended
Parameter Size (bits) Values
COD 16 0xFF52
Lcod 16 17-83
Scod 8 Table A.4
SGcod 32 Table A.5
SPcod variable Table A.6
Figure A.3 – Coding style parameter diagram of the SGcod and SPcod parameters
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 7
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Table A.4 – Coding style parameter values for the Scod parameter
Values (bits)
Coding style
MSB LSB
xxxx xxx0 Entropy coder, precincts with PPx = 15, PPy = 15 and PPz = 15
xxxx xxx1 Entropy coder with custom precincts defined below
xxxx xx0x No SOP marker segments used
xxxx xx1x SOP marker segments may be used
xxxx x0xx No EPH marker used
xxxx x1xx EPH marker shall be used
All other values reserved
Table A.5 – Coding style parameter values for the SGcod parameter
Parameters (in order) Size (bits) Values Meaning of SGcod values
Progression order 8 Rec. ITU-T T.800 | Progression order
ISO/IEC 15444-1
Table A.16
Number of layers 16 1-65535 Number of layers
Multiple component transform 8 Rec. ITU-T T.801 | Multiple component transform usage
ISO/IEC 15444-2
Table A.8
Table A.6 – Coding style parameter values of the SPcod and SPcoc paramaters, extended
Parameters (in order) Size (bits) Values Meaning of SPcod values
Number of decomposition levels along 8 0-32 Number of decomposition levels along
X-axis X-axis, N , zero implies no
LX
transformation
Number of decomposition levels along 8 0-32 Number of decomposition levels along
Y-axis Y-axis, N , zero implies no
LY
transformation
Number of decomposition levels along 8 0-32 Number of decomposition levels along
Z-axis Z-axis, N , zero implies no transformation
LZ
3D code-block width 8 Table A.7 Code-block width exponent offset value,
xcb
Code-block height exponent offset value,
3D code-block height 8 Table A.7
ycb
3D code-block depth 8 Table A.7 Code-block depth exponent offset value,
zcb
3D code-block style 8 Table A.8 Style of the 3D code-block coding passes
Transformation kernel along X-axis 8 Rec. ITU-T T.801 | Wavelet transformation used along X-axis
ISO/IEC 15444-2
Table A.10
Transformation kernel along Y-axis 8 Rec. ITU-T T.801 | Wavelet transformation used along Y-axis
ISO/IEC 15444-2
Table A.10
Transformation kernel along Z-axis 8 Rec. ITU-T T.801 | Wavelet transformation used along Z-axis
ISO/IEC 15444-2
Table A.10
Precinct size variable Table A.9 If Scod or Scoc = xxxx xxx0, this
parameter is not present; otherwise, this
indicates precinct width, height and depth.
The first parameter (16 bits) corresponds
to the N LLL sub-band. Each successive
L
parameter corresponds to each successive
resolution level in order.
8 Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011)
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Table A.7 – Width, height or depth exponent of the 3D code-blocks for the
SPcod and SPcoc parameters
Values (bits)
3D code-block width, height and depth
MSB LSB
3D code-block width, height and depth exponent values xcb = value, ycb = value
xxxx 0000 – xxxx 1011
or zcb = value.
NOTE – This redefines Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 significantly! The 3D
code-block width, height and depth are limited to powers of two with the minimum
0 10
size being 2 and the maximum being 2 .
Further, the 3D code-block size is restricted so that 4 ≤ xcb+ycb+zcb ≤ 18.
All other values reserved
Table A.8 – 3D code-block style for the SPcod and SPcoc paramaters, extended
Values (bits)
3D code-block style
MSB LSB
xxxx xxx0 No selective arithmetic coding bypass
xxxx xxx1 Selective arithmetic coding bypass
xxxx xx0x No reset of context probabilities on coding pass boundaries
xxxx xx1x Reset context probabilities on coding pass boundaries
xxxx x0xx No termination on each coding pass
xxxx x1xx Termination on each coding pass
xxxx 0xxx No causal contexts
xxxx 1xxx Causal contexts
xxx0 xxxx No predictable termination
xxx1 xxxx Predictable termination
xx0x xxxx No segmentation symbols are used
xx1x xxxx Segmentation symbols are used
All other values reserved
Table A.9 – Precinct width, height and depth for the SPcod and SPcoc parameters, extended
Values (bits)
Precinct size
MSB LSB
xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 – 4 LSBs are the precinct width exponent PPx = value. This value may
xxxx xxxx xxxx 1111 only equal zero at the resolution level corresponding to the N LLL band.
L
xxxx xxxx 0000 xxxx – Next 4 bits are the precinct height exponent PPy = value. This value
xxxx xxxx 1111 xxxx may only equal zero at the resolution level corresponding to the N LLL
L
band.
xxxx 0000 xxxx xxxx – Next 4 bits are the precinct depth exponent PPz = value. This value may
xxxx 1111 xxxx xxxx only equal zero at the resolution level corresponding to the N LLL band.
L
All other values reserved
A.2.3 Coding style component (COC), Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 extended
Function: Describes the coding style and number of decomposition levels used for compressing a particular
component.
Usage: Main and first tile-part header of a given tile. The usage is optional in both the main and tile-part headers.
No more than one per any given component may be present in either the main or tile-part headers. If
there are multiple tile-parts in a tile, and this marker segment is present, it shall be found only in the first
tile-part (TPsot = 0).
When used in the main header, it overrides the main COD marker segment for the specific component.
When used in the tile-part header, it overrides the main header COD, main COC and tile COD for the
specific component. Thus, the order of precedence is the following:
Tile-part COC > Tile-part COD > Main COC > Main COD
where the "greater than" sign, >, means that the greater overrides the lesser marker segment.
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 9
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Length: Variable depending on the value of Scoc (see Lcoc parameter).
Scoc
COC Lcoc
Ccoc SPcoc
Figure A.4 – Coding style component syntax
COC: Marker code. Table A.10 shows the size and values of the symbol and parameters for the coding style
component marker segment.
Lcoc: Length of marker segment in bytes (not including the marker). The value of this parameter is
determined by the following equation:
14 maximum_precincts AND Csiz < 257
15 maximum_precincts AND Csiz ≥ 257
Lcoc = (A-3)
14 + 2 ⋅ number_of_resolution_levels user_defined_precincts AND Csiz < 257
15+ 2 ⋅ number_of_resolution_levels user_defined_precincts AND Csiz ≥ 257
Ccoc: The index of the component to which this marker segment relates. The components are
indexed 0, 1, 2, etc.
Scoc: Coding style for this component. Table A.11 shows the values for each Scoc parameter.
SPcoc: Parameters for coding style designated in Scoc. The coding style parameters within the SPcoc field
appear in the order sequence shown in Figure A.5.
A Number of decomposition levels along X-axis
B Number of decomposition levels along Y-axis
C Number of decomposition levels along Z-axis
D Code-block width
E Code-block height
F Code-block depth
i n
A B C D E F G H I J K K G Code-block style
H Transformation kernel along X-axis
I Transformation kernel along Y-axis
J Transformation kernel along Z-axis
i n
K -K Precinct sizes
Figure A.5 – Coding style parameter diagram of the SPcoc parameter
Table A.10 – Coding style component parameter values, extended
Parameter Size (bits) Values
COC 16 0xFF53
Lcoc 16 4-102
Ccoc 8 0-255; if Csiz < 257
16 0-16383; if Csiz ≥ 257
Scoc 8 Table A.11
i
SPcoc variable Table A.6
10 Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011)
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Table A.11 – Coding style parameter values for the Scoc parameter, extended
Values (bits)
Coding style
MSB LSB
xxxx xxx0 Entropy coder with maximum precinct values PPx = PPy = PPz = 15
xxxx xxx1 Entropy coder with precinct values defined in SPcoc
All other values reserved
A.2.4 Region-of-interest (RGN), Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 extended
Function: Signals the presence of a region-of-interest (ROI) in the codestream.
Usage: Main and first tile-part header of a given tile. If there is RGN marker segment in the main header with a
Srgn = 0, there shall not be any RGN marker segment anywhere in the codestream with a non-zero Srgn
value for the component given by the corresponding Crgn value. Likewise, if there is RGN marker
segment in the main header with a non-zero Srgn value, there shall not be any RGN marker segment
anywhere in the codestream with a Srgn = 0 for the component given by the corresponding Crgn value.
When used in both the main header and the first tile-part header, the RGN in the first tile-part header
overrides the main RGN for that tile. Also, an RGN specifying a single component (Crgn ≠ 65 535)
overrides on specifying all components (Crgn = 65 535). Thus the order of precedence is the following:
Tile-part RGN (Crgn ≠ 65 535) > Tile-part RGN (Crgn = 65 535) > Main RGN (Crgn ≠ 65 535) >
Main RGN (Crgn = 65 535)
where the "greater than" sign, >, means that the greater overrides the lesser marker segment.
Length: Variable.
Figure A.6 – Region-of-interest syntax
RGN: Marker code. Table A.12 shows the size and values of the symbol and parameters for the region of
interest marker segment.
Lrgn: Length of the marker segment in bytes (not including the marker).
Crgn: The index of the component to which this marker segment relates. The components are indexed
0, 1, 2, etc.
Srgn: ROI style for the current ROI. Table A.16 of Rec. ITU-T T.801 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 shows the value
for the Srgn parameter.
SPrgn: Parameter for ROI style designated in Srgn. SPrgn is only signalled for Srgn = 1 or Srgn = 2.
Table A.12 – Region-of-interest parameter values, extended
Parameter Size (bits) Values
RGN 16 0xFF5E
Lrgn 16 5-30
Crgn 16 Rec. ITU-T T.801 |
ISO/IEC 15444-2
Table A.17
Srgn 8 Rec. ITU-T T.801 |
ISO/IEC 15444-2
Table A.16
SPrgn variable Table A.13
Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011) 11
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Table A.13 – Region of interest values from SPrgn parameter (Srgn = 1 or Srgn = 2), extended
Parameters (in order) Size (bits) Values Meaning of SPrgn values
Binary shift 8 0-255 Binary shifting of coefficients in the region of
interest above the background.
XArgn (left) 32 0-(2 – 1) Horizontal reference grid point from the origin of
the first point. (In the case of the ellipse, Srgn = 2,
this value shall not exceed the width of the image.)
YArgn (top) 32 0-(2 – 1) Vertical reference grid point from the origin of the
first point. (In the case of the ellipse, Srgn = 2,
this value shall not exceed the height of the
image.)
ZArgn (front) 32 0-(2 – 1) Axial reference grid point from the origin of the
first point. (In the case of the ellipse, Srgn = 2,
this value shall not exceed the depth of the image.)
XBrgn (right) 32 0-(2 – 1) Horizontal reference grid point from the origin of
the second point.
YBrgn (bottom) 32 0-(2 – 1) Vertical reference grid point from the origin of the
second point.
ZBrgn (back) 32 0-(2 – 1) Axial reference grid point from the origin of the
second point.
A.2.5 Quantization component default (QCD), Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 extended
Function: Describes the quantization default used for compressing all components not defined by a QCC marker
segment. The parameter values can be overridden for an individual component by a QCC marker
segment in either the main or tile-part header.
Usage: Main and first tile-part header of a given tile. There shall be one and only one in the main header. There
may be at most one for all tile-part headers of a tile. If there are multiple tile-parts for a tile, and this
marker segment is present, it shall be found only in the first tile-part (TPsot = 0).
When used in the tile-part header, it overrides the main QCD and the main QCC for the specific
component. Thus, the order of precedence is the following:
Tile-part QCC > Tile-part QCD > Main QCC > Main QCD
where the "greater than" sign, >, means that the greater overrides the lesser marker segment.
Length: Variable depending on the number of quantized elements.
i
SPqcd
QCD Lqcd
n
Sqcd SPqcd
Figure A.7 – Quantization default style
QCD: Marker code. Table A.14 shows the size and values of the symbol and parameters for the quantization
default marker segment.
Lqcd: Length of the marker segment in bytes (not including the marker). The value of this parameter is
determined by the following equation:
4+ number_of_subbands no_quantization
Lqcd = 5 scalar_quantization_derived
(A-4)
5+ 2 ⋅ number_of_subbands scalar_quantization_expounded
where number_of_sub-bands (depending on number of decomposition levels along X, Y and Z axis)
is defined in the COD and COC marker segments, and no_quantization, scalar_quantization_derived,
or scalar_quantization_expounded is signalled in the Sqcd parameter.
NOTE – The Lqcd can be used to determine how many quantization step sizes are present in the marker segment.
However, there is not necessarily a correspondence with the number of sub-bands present because the sub-bands
can be truncated with no requirement to correct this marker segment.
12 Rec. ITU-T T.809 (05/2011)
ISO/IEC 15444-10:201 (E)
Sqcd: Quantization style for all components.
i
SPqcd : Quantization step size value for the ith sub-band in the defined order (see Annex B). The number of
parameters is the same as the number of sub-bands in the tile-component with the greatest number of
decomposition levels, N .
L
Table A.14 – Quantization default parameter values, extended
Parameter Size (bits) Values
QCD 16 0xFF5C
Lqcd 16 4-441
Sqcd 8 Rec. ITU-T T.800 |
ISO/IEC 15444-1
Table A.28
i
SPqcd variable Rec. ITU-T T.800 |
ISO/IEC 15444-1
Table A.28
A.2.6 Quantization component (QCC), Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 extended
Function: Describes the quantization used for compressing a particular component.
Usage: Main and first tile-part header of a given tile. Usage is optional in both the main and tile-part headers. No
more than one per any given component may be present in either
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