ISO/TR 24464:2025
(Main)Visualization elements of digital twin — Visualization fidelity
Visualization elements of digital twin — Visualization fidelity
The content of this document is divided into two parts. — This document analyses the overall configuration of an industrial digital twin system, and proposes a three-elements architecture, focusing on the twinning interface between the physical twin (PTw) and industrial digital twin (iDTw). — The characteristics, and the visualization elements and visualization fidelity of iDTw are analysed. This document: a) analyses the twinning interface between the PTw and iDTw; b) proposes a three-elements architecture; c) analyses the visualization element and its fidelity, which is a key component of the interface among the three-elements architecture; d) analyses the elements that constitute an iDTw system to understand the unique properties of iDTw; e) explores the differentiation from cyber physical systems (CPS) or augmented reality (AR), which are similar to existing concepts of iDTw. This document excludes: — applications of iDTw; — implementation of iDTw.
Éléments de visualisation du jumeau numérique — Fidélité de la visualisation
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
Technical
Report
ISO/TR 24464
Second edition
Visualization elements of digital
2025-03
twin — Visualization fidelity
Éléments de visualisation du jumeau numérique — Fidélité de la
visualisation
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Needs of DTw visualization . . 4
5.1 Atom world and a bit world .4
5.2 Visualization of big and small things .4
5.3 Visualization of big data .5
5.4 Visualization fidelity of the twinning interface .6
6 Three-elements architecture of the iDTw system visualization . 6
6.1 General .6
6.2 Component technologies of DTw visualization .7
6.3 Comparison with existing architecture .7
7 Characteristics of the iDTw system . 10
7.1 Mutual augmentation through twinning cycles .10
7.1.1 General .10
7.1.2 Augmentation from PTw to iDTw .11
7.1.3 Augmentation from iDTw to PTw .11
7.2 Life cycle of iDTw system . 12
7.2.1 General . 12
7.2.2 Separation between artificial model and digital replica . 13
7.2.3 Spatial fidelity enhancement along the life cycle .14
7.3 Inclusion between iDTw and PTw .14
8 Visualization fidelity of iDTw .16
8.1 General .16
8.2 Level of detail (LoD) of plant equipment models .16
8.3 Fidelity measure .18
8.3.1 General .18
8.3.2 Space measure: Spatial resolution . 20
8.3.3 Time measure: Latency and sampling rate .21
Annex A (informative) Collection of DTw definitions .23
Annex B (informative) Selection of terms .25
Annex C (informative) Analysis of international standards related to DTw visualization .28
Annex D (informative) Comparison with CPS and AR .35
Annex E (informative) Use cases of the three-elements architecture of iDTw system . 41
Bibliography .46
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
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ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information
Technology, Subcommittee SC 24, Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation
and Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 2, Document file
formats, EDMS systems and authenticity of information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 24464:2020), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the title is changed;
— a three-elements architecture is added;
— this document focuses more on fidelity among visualization elements.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document analyses the visualization fidelity among the visualization elements of a digital twin system.
Since digital twin (DTw) is a new technology, various definitions are being proposed in the sector as a whole,
so they collide with each other, and cross-reference is underway at the same time. This document analyses
the element technologies and the properties that make up the DTw system, it also attempts to reveal the
nature of the DTw, and focuses on visualization elements. This is expected to further solidify the identity of
DTw, reduce confusion and consequently help further spread the use of DTw technology.
v
Technical Report ISO/TR 24464:2025(en)
Visualization elements of digital twin — Visualization fidelity
1 Scope
The content of this document is divided into two parts.
— This document analyses the overall configuration of an industrial digital twin system, and proposes a
three-elements architecture, focusing on the twinning interface between the physical twin (PTw) and
industrial digital twin (iDTw).
— The characteristics, and the visualization elements and visualization fidelity of iDTw are analysed.
This document:
a) analyses the twinning interface between the PTw and iDTw;
b) proposes a three-elements architecture;
c) analyses the visualization element and its fidelity, which is a key component of the interface among the
three-elements architecture;
d) analyses the elements that constitute an iDTw system to understand the unique properties of iDTw;
e) explores the differentiation from cyber physical systems (CPS) or augmented reality (AR), which are
similar to existing concepts of iDTw.
This document excludes:
— applications of iDTw;
— implementation of iDTw.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain a terminology database for use in standardization at:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.1, modified — Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been removed.]
3.2
asset
any item, thing or entity that has potential or actual value to an organization
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 15926-11:2023, 3.1.1]
3.3
asset administration shell
standardized digital representation of an asset (3.2)
[SOURCE: IEC 63278-1:2023, 3.1.2]
3.4
digital model
dataset to represent the shape (3.12) and any other desired characteristics for target synthetic model
[SOURCE: ISO 22926:2023, 3.1, modified — Term "digital anatomical bone model", Notes 1 to 2 to entry and
the example have been removed.]
3.5
federation
community of domains
[SOURCE: ISO 12967-1:2020, 3.4.2]
3.6
fidelity
degree to which a model or simulation reproduces the state and behaviour of a real-world object or the
perception of a real-world object, feature, condition
...
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