ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018

Programming Languages — C++ Extensions for Networking

ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018 describes extensions to the C++ Standard Library. This document specifies requirements for implementations of an interface that computer programs written in the C++ programming language may use to perform operations related to networking, such as operations involving sockets, timers, bu˙er management, host name resolution and internet protocols. This document is applicable to information technology systems that can perform network operations, such as those with operating systems that conform to the POSIX interface. This document is applicable only to vendors who wish to provide the interface it describes.

Langages de programmation — Extensions C++ pour mise en réseau

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Apr-2018
• ICS: 35.060 - Languages used in information technology
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 20-Sep-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TS
SPECIFICATION 19216
First edition
2018-04
Programming Languages — C++
Extensions for Networking
Langages de programmation — Extensions C++ pour mise en réseau
Reference number
ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2018

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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
Contents
Foreword vi
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms and definitions 3
4 General Principles 4
4.1 Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 Namespaces and headers 5
6 Future plans (Informative) 6
7 Feature test macros (Informative) 7
8 Method of description (Informative) 8
8.1 Structure of each clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.2 Other conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 Error reporting 9
9.1 Synchronous operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.2 Asynchronous operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.3 Error conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.4 Suppression of signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10 Library summary 11
11 Convenience header 13
11.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12 Forward declarations 14
12.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
13 Asynchronous model 16
13.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
13.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
13.3 Class template async_result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
13.4 Class template async_completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
13.5 Class template associated_allocator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
13.6 Function get_associated_allocator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
13.7 Class execution_context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
13.8 Class execution_context::service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
13.9 Class template is_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.10 Executor argument tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.11 uses_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
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13.12 Class template associated_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
13.13 Function get_associated_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
13.14 Class template executor_binder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
13.15 Function bind_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
13.16 Class template executor_work_guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
13.17 Function make_work_guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13.18 Class system_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
13.19 Class system_context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
13.20 Class bad_executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
13.21 Class executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
13.22 Function dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
13.23 Function post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
13.24 Function defer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
13.25 Class template strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
13.26 Class template use_future_t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
13.27 Partial specialization of async_result for packaged_task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
14 Basic I/O services 61
14.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
14.2 Class io_context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
14.3 Class io_context::executor_type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
15 Timers 67
15.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
15.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
15.3 Class template wait_traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
15.4 Class template basic_waitable_timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
16 Buffers 73
16.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
16.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
16.3 Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
16.4 Class mutable_buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
16.5 Class const_buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
16.6 Buffer type traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
16.7 Buffer sequence access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
16.8 Function buffer_size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
16.9 Function buffer_copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
16.10 Buffer arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
16.11 Buffer creation functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
16.12 Class template dynamic_vector_buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
16.13 Class template dynamic_string_buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
16.14 Dynamic buffer creation functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
17 Buffer-oriented streams 92
17.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
17.2 Class transfer_all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
17.3 Class transfer_at_least . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
17.4 Class transfer_exactly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
17.5 Synchronous read operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
17.6 Asynchronous read operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
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17.7 Synchronous write operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
17.8 Asynchronous write operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
17.9 Synchronous delimited read operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
17.10 Asynchronous delimited read operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
18 Sockets 104
18.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
18.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
18.3 Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
18.4 Class socket_base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
18.5 Socket options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
18.6 Class template basic_socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
18.7 Class template basic_datagram_socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
18.8 Class template basic_stream_socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
18.9 Class template basic_socket_acceptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
19 Socket iostreams 157
19.1 Class template basic_socket_streambuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
19.2 Class template basic_socket_iostream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
20 Socket algorithms 164
20.1 Synchronous connect operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
20.2 Asynchronous connect operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
21 Internet protocol 167
21.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
21.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
21.3 Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
21.4 Class ip::address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
21.5 Class ip::address_v4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
21.6 Class ip::address_v6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
21.7 Class ip::bad_address_cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
21.8 Hash support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
21.9 Class template ip::basic_address_iterator specializations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
21.10 Class template ip::basic_address_range specializations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
21.11 Class template ip::network_v4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
21.12 Class template ip::network_v6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
21.13 Class template ip::basic_endpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
21.14 Class template ip::basic_resolver_entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
21.15 Class template ip::basic_resolver_results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
21.16 Class ip::resolver_base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
21.17 Class template ip::basic_resolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
21.18 Host name functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
21.19 Class ip::tcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
21.20 Class ip::udp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
21.21 Internet socket options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Index 219
Index of library names 221
Index of implementation-defined behavior 227
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list
of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and ex-
pressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
SC 22, Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
1 Scope [scope]
1
++
This document describes extensions to the C Standard Library. This document specifies requirements for
++
implementations of an interface that computer programs written in the C programming language may use
to perform operations related to networking, such as operations involving sockets, timers, buffer management,
host name resolution and internet protocols. This document is applicable to information technology systems
that can perform network operations, such as those with operating systems that conform to the POSIX
interface. This document is applicable only to vendors who wish to provide the interface it describes.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
2 Normative references [references]
1
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
(1.1)
— ISO/IEC 14882:2014, Programming languages — C++
(1.2)
— ISO/IEC TS 19568:2015, C++ Extensions for Library Fundamentals
(1.3)
— ISO/IEC 9945:2009, Information Technology — Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)
(1.4)
— ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, Information technology — Vocabulary
2
++
The programming language and library described in ISO/IEC 14882 is herein called the C Standard.
++ ++
References to clauses within the C Standard are written as “C 2014, Clause 17”. The operating system
interface described in ISO/IEC 9945 is herein called POSIX.
3
This document mentions commercially available operating systems for purposes of exposition. POSIX�R is a
registered trademark of The IEEE. Windows�R is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by
ISO or IEC of these products.
4
++ ++
Unless otherwise specified, the whole of the C Standard’s Library introduction (C 2014, Clause 17) is
included into this document by reference.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
3 Terms and definitions [defs]
1
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 14882:2014, ISO/IEC
2382-1:1993, and the following apply.
2
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
(2.1)
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
(2.2)
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3
Terms that are used only in a small portion of this document are defined where they are used and italicized
where they are defined.
3.1 [defs.host.byte.order]
host byte order
the arrangement of bytes in any integer type when using a specific machine architecture
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 9945:2009, 3.193]
3.2 [defs.net.byte.order]
network byte order
the way of representing any integer type such that, when transmitted over a network via a network endpoint,
the int type is transmitted as an appropriate number of octets with the most significant octet first, followed
by any other octets in descending order of significance
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 9945:2009, 3.237]
3.3 [defs.sync.op]
synchronous operation
operation where control is not returned until the operation completes
3.4 [defs.async.op]
asynchronous operation
operation where control is returned immediately without waiting for the operation to complete
[Note 1 to entry: Multiple asynchronous operations may be executed concurrently.—end note]
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
4 General Principles [general]
4.1 Conformance [conformance]
1
Conformance is specified in terms of behavior. Ideal behavior is not always implementable, so the conformance
subclauses take that into account.
4.1.1 POSIX conformance [conformance.9945]
1
Some behavior is specified by reference to POSIX. How such behavior is actually implemented is unspecified.
2
[Note: This constitutes an “as if” rule allowing implementations to call native operating system or other
APIs. —end note]
3
Implementations are encouraged to provide such behavior as it is defined by POSIX. Implementations shall
document any behavior that differs from the behavior defined by POSIX. Implementations that do not support
exact POSIX behavior are encouraged to provide behavior as close to POSIX behavior as is reasonable
given the limitations of actual operating systems and file systems. If an implementation cannot provide any
reasonable behavior, the implementation shall report an error as specified in Error Reporting (9).
4
[Note: This allows users to rely on an exception being thrown or an error code being set when an implemen-
tation cannot provide any reasonable behavior. —end note]
5
Implementations are not required to provide behavior that is not supported by a particular operating system.
4.1.2 Conditionally-supported features [conformance.conditional]
1
This document defines conditionally-supported features, in the form of additional member functions on types
thatsatisfyProtocol(18.2.6),Endpoint(18.2.4),SettableSocketOption(18.2.9),GettableSocketOption(18.2.8)
or IoControlCommand (18.2.12) requirements.
2 ++
[Note: This is so that, when the additional member functions are available, C programs can extend the
library to add support for other protocols and socket options. —end note]
3
For the purposes of this document, implementations that provide all of the additional member functions are
known as extensible implementations.
4
[Note: Implementations are encouraged to provide the additional member functions, where possible. It is
intended that POSIX and Windows implementations will provide them. —end note]
4.2 Acknowledgments [intro.ack]
1
The design of this specification is based, in part, on the Asio library written by Christopher Kohlhoff.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
5 Namespaces and headers [namespaces]
1
++
The components described in this document are experimental and not part of the C standard library.
All components described in this document are declared in namespace std::experimental::net::v1 or a
sub-namespace thereof unless otherwise specified. The headers described in this document shall import the
contents of std::experimental::net::v1 into std::experimental::net as if by:
namespace std {
namespace experimental {
namespace net {
inline namespace v1 {}
}
}
}
2
Unless otherwise specified, references to other entities described in this document are assumed to be qualified
++
with std::experimental::net::v1::, references to entities described in the C standard are assumed to
++
be qualified with std::, and references to entities described in C Extensions for Library Fundamentals are
assumed to be qualified with std::experimental::fundamentals_v2::.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
6 Future plans (Informative) [plans]
1
This clause describes tentative plans for future versions of this document and plans for moving content into
++
future versions of the C Standard.
2 ++
The C committee may release new versions of this document, containing networking library extensions
++
we hope to add to a near-future version of the C Standard. Future versions will define their contents
in std::experimental::net::v2, std::experimental::net::v3, etc., with the most recent implemented
version inlined into std::experimental::net.
3
When an extension defined in this or a future version of this document represents enough existing practice, it
++
will be moved into the next version of the C Standard by replacing the experimental::net::vN segment
of its namespace with net, and by removing the experimental/ prefix from its header’s path.
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
7 Feature test macros (Informative)
[feature.test]
1
These macros allow users to determine which version of this document is supported by the headers defined
by the specification. All headers in this document shall define the __cpp_lib_experimental_net feature
test macro in Table 1.
2
If an implementation supplies all of the conditionally-supported features specified in 4.1.2, all headers in this
document shall additionally define the __cpp_lib_experimental_net_extensible feature test macro.
Table 1 — Feature-test macro(s)
Macro name Value
__cpp_lib_experimental_net 201707
__cpp_lib_experimental_net_extensible 201707
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
8 Method of description (Informative)
[description]
1
This subclause describes the conventions used to specify this document, in addition to those conventions
++
specified in C 2014, 17.5.
8.1 Structure of each clause [structure]
8.1.1 Detailed specifications [structure.specifications]
1
++
In addition to the elements defined in C 2014, 17.5.1.4, descriptions of function semantics contain the
following elements (as appropriate):
(1.1)
— Completion signature: if the function initiates an asynchronous operation, specifies the signature of a
completion handler used to receive the result of the operation.
8.2 Other conventions [conventions]
8.2.1 Nested classes [nested.class]
1
Severalclassesdefinedinthisdocumentarenestedclasses. Foraspecifiednestedclass A::B,animplementation
is permitted to define A::B as a synonym for a class with equivalent functionality to class A::B. [Note: When
A::B is a synonym for another type A provides a nested type B, to emulate the injected class name. —end
note]
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
9 Error reporting [err.report]
9.1 Synchronous operations [err.report.sync]
1
Most synchronous network library functions provide two overloads, one that throws an exception to report
++
system errors, and another that sets an error_code (C 2014, 19.5).
[Note: This supports two common use cases:
(1.1)
— Uses where system errors are truly exceptional and indicate a serious failure. Throwing an exception is
the most appropriate response.
(1.2)
— Uses where system errors are routine and do not necessarily represent failure. Returning an error code
is the most appropriate response. This allows application specific error handling, including simply
ignoring the error.
—end note]
2
Functions not having an argument of type error_code& report errors as follows, unless otherwise specified:
(2.1)
— When a call by the implementation to an operating system or other underlying API results in an error
that prevents the function from meeting its specifications, the function exits via an exception of a type
that would match a handler of type system_error.
(2.2)
— Destructors throw nothing.
3
Functions having an argument of type error_code& report errors as follows, unless otherwise specified:
(3.1)
— If a call by the implementation to an operating system or other underlying API results in an error
that prevents the function from meeting its specifications, the error_code& argument ec is set as
appropriate for the specific error. Otherwise, the ec argument is set such that !ec is true.
4
Where a function is specified as two overloads, with and without an argument of type error_code&:
R f(A1 a1, A2 a2, ., AN aN);
R f(A1 a1, A2 a2, ., AN aN, error_code& ec);
5
then, when R is non-void, the effects of the first overload are as if:
error_code ec;
R r(f(a1, a2, ., aN, ec));
if (ec) throw system_error(ec, S);
return r;
6
otherwise, when R is void, the effects of the first overload are as if:
error_code ec;
f(a1, a2, ., aN, ec);
if (ec) throw system_error(ec, S);
7
except that the type thrown may differ as specified above. S is an ntbs indicating where the exception was
thrown. [Note: A possible value for S is __func__. —end note]
8
++
For both overloads, failure to allocate storage is reported by throwing an exception as described in the C
++
standard (C 2014, 17.6.5.12).
9
In this document, when a type requirement is specified using two function call expressions f, with and without
an argument ec of type error_code:
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ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018(E)
f(a1, a2, ., aN)
f(a1, a2, ., aN, ec)
then the effects of the first call expression of f shall be as described for the first overload above.
9.2 Asynchronous operations [err.report.async]
1
Asynchronous network library functions in this document are identified by having the prefix async_ and
take a completion handler (13.2.7.2). These asynchronous operations report errors as follows:
(1.1)
— If a call by the implementation to an operating system or other underlying API results in an error
that prevents the asynchronous operation from meeting its specifications, the completion handler is
invoked with an error_code value ec that is set as appropriate for the specific error. Otherwise, the
error_code value ec is set such that !ec is true.
(1.2)
— Asynchronous operations shall not fail with an error condition that indicates interruption of an
operating system or underlying API by a signal. [Note: Such as POSIX error number EINTR —end
note] Asynchronous operations shall not fail with any error condition associated with non-blocking
operations. [Note: Such as POSIX error numbers EWOULDBLOCK, EAGAIN, or EINPROGRESS; Windows
error numbers WSAEWOULDBLOCK or WSAEINPROGRESS —end note]
2
In this document, when a type requirement is specified as a call to a function or member function having the
prefix async_, then the function shall satisfy the error reporting requirements described above.
9.3 Error conditions [err.report.conditions]
1
Unless otherwise specified, when the behavior of a synchronous or asynchronous operation is defined “as
if” implemented by a POSIX function, the error_code produced by the function shall meet the following
requirements:
(1.1)
— If the failure condition is one that is listed by POSIX for that function, the error_code shall compare
++
equal to the error’s corresponding enum class errc (C 2014, 19.5) or enum class resolver_-
errc (21.3) constant.
(1.2)
— Otherwise, the error_code shall be set to an implementation-defined value that reflects the underlying
operating system error.
2
[Example: The POSIX specification for shut
...