ISO 18935:2005
(Main)Imaging materials — Colour images on paper prints — Determination of indoor water resistance of printed colour images
Imaging materials — Colour images on paper prints — Determination of indoor water resistance of printed colour images
ISO 18935:2005 specifies tests to determine the relative indoor water resistance of printed colour images. ISO 18935:2005 is applicable to both digital and analogue prints.
Matériaux pour l'image — Images en couleurs sur impressions en papier — Détermination de la résistance interne de la couleur à l'eau
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18935
First edition
2005-08-15
Imaging materials — Colour images on
paper prints — Determination of indoor
water resistance of printed colour images
Matériaux pour l'image — Images en couleurs sur impressions en
papier — Détermination de la résistance interne de la couleur à l'eau
Reference number
ISO 18935:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 18935:2005(E)
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ISO 18935:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18935 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This International Standard is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the physical properties
and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are
assigned a number within the block from 18900 to 18999 (see Annex A).
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ISO 18935:2005(E)
Introduction
Water resistance is not an important consideration in the normal storage of colour prints. However, in a
disaster situation such as floods, earthquakes, or water main breaks, this property can be of critical
importance if the print is to be salvaged. A wide variety of materials are used for digital colour prints and the
colorants used in some digital prints are water soluble. The degree of their water resistance varies depending
upon the dyes used and if the print has a water-resistant overcoat. In addition, the paper used may be of
equal importance. The same dyes may exhibit very good water resistance on one paper but can be
completely washed off from a different paper. Even print systems that use water-insoluble colorants may be
damaged by water exposure if the paper is not also water resistant. This International Standard provides a
standardized method to evaluate the qualitative water resistance of colour prints.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18935:2005(E)
Imaging materials — Colour images on paper prints —
Determination of indoor water resistance of printed colour
images
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies tests to determine the relative indoor water resistance of printed colour
images. This International Standard is applicable to both digital and analogue prints.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
ambient conditions
environmental conditions of (23 ± 1) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH
3 Categories of water resistance
3.1 General
The water resistance of a print is categorized into one of three categories, i.e. water resistant, moderately
water resistant and not water resistant as defined in 3.2 to 3.4.
3.2 Water resistant
Water-resistant print is print that is not noticeably affected by exposure to liquid water and moisture.
NOTE No significant degradation of the colorant (bleeding, smearing, hue change), of the support (curl, cockle,
delamination), or of the image surface (gloss changes, water rings, etc.) is found.
3.3 Moderately water resistant
Moderately water-resistant print is print that exhibits some change or damage by water but is still considered
usable for its intended application.
NOTE The damage can manifest itself as slight media curl, partial delamination along an edge, or ring-like
watermarks due to gloss changes or a minor amount of colorant migration. This damage can be mitigated by the rapid
removal of the water (careful blotting, shaking off the water, etc.).
3.4 Not water resistant
Not water-resistant print is print that is easily damaged by contact with water, even when incidental (e.g.
a water mist) and is considered unsuitable for applications involving contact with water.
NOTE Such damage can manifest itself as appreciable curl, delamination of the image layer, colorant bleed into
non-imaged areas or from colour to colour, or image degradation (hue and gloss changes, surface marks, etc.). It is
strongly advisable to users of these materials to prevent water contact.
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ISO 18935:2005(E)
4 Water resistance estimating procedures
4.1 General considerations
Water resistance is the ability of a print to resist water damage which may manifest itself in a number of ways,
such as migration of colorants; changes in the size and/or optical density of image elements; degradation of
the image layer, as well as cockle, curl or loss of gloss. The water resistance of prints made by current
methods varies considerably. For example, some ink-jet prints sustain no observable damage when the
surface is rubbed immediately after water has been poured over the image. While others, that do not show
any water damage after soaking for hours, lose a portion of their image layer if it is wiped off before drying.
Extensive tests have shown that full characterization of water resistance requires several different methods.
Many attempts were made to quantify the test data generated by these methods in inter-laboratory
comparison, but none were successful. (It is likely that within a given laboratory, the tests described in this
International Standard are sufficiently reproducible to yield statistically reliable data. However, this is not
enough to adopt fixed evaluation criteria.) For this reason, qualitative analysis of the test results is prescribed.
This entails grouping of the results obtained from different print materials into water-resistant (no change) or
not water-resistant categories. An intermediate level of moderate water resistance is also recognized,
although its boundaries cannot be determine exactly.
This International Standard requires the use of de-ionized or distilled water for all of the tests. The pH of this
water is not controlled (unless it is certified, which will be at pH 7) but pH will have little effect on the tests.
This is because any water-soluble components in the media coating will dissolve into the water and rapidly
change the pH. The final value of this will depend on the media used.
4.2 Control sample
The evaluation of test results based on qualitative criteria for water resistance (as defined in Clause 3)
requires that untreated control specimens be used for comparison with water-treated specimens.
5 Test methods
5.1 General
Three methods are given for water resistance. Method 1 models the effect of water spilt on an image and left
to dry. Method 2 tests the physical integrity of the colorant receptive layer. This may be an important feature,
as it is possible to have images that may resist smearing and other defects when in contact with water, but will
be destroyed if touched before fully drying. Method 3 indicates how images will behave under catastrophic
conditions (e.g. flood damage). Clause 6 shows some example test patterns that were generated using a
simple drawing program on a PC computer.
The test methods discussed in 5.2 to 5.4 all involve the cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue and black
colours. For black, the processed black generated by the printer with the user specified driver settings (see
Clause 6 for more information and warnings) shall be used. As an option, the user may also use black
generated in a different manner (e.g. 3- or 4-colour composite, pure black, etc.) if the option is available to the
user. Some printer systems utilize more than cyan, magenta and yellow primary colours (e.g. hexachrome
systems that also use orange or green colorants). In such a case, the user of this International Standard may
include these extra colours in the tests. All print specimens shall be allowed to dry at ambient conditions for
24 h prior to proceeding with the test.
5.2 Method 1 — Standing water evaporat
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