ISO/IEC TS 27100:2020
(Main)Information technology — Cybersecurity — Overview and concepts
Information technology — Cybersecurity — Overview and concepts
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity. This document: — describes cybersecurity and relevant concepts, including how it is related to and different from information security; — establishes the context of cybersecurity; — does not cover all terms and definitions applicable to cybersecurity; and — does not limit other standards in defining new cybersecurity-related terms for use. This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organization (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations).
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TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TS
SPECIFICATION 27100
First edition
2020-12
Information technology —
Cybersecurity — Overview and
concepts
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2020
© ISO/IEC 2020
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ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concepts . 2
4.1 Cyberspace. 2
4.2 Cybersecurity . 3
5 Relationship between cybersecurity and relevant concepts . 3
5.1 Relationship between information security and cybersecurity . 3
5.2 Relationship between ISMS and cybersecurity . 4
5.2.1 Cyberspace as a field of risk sources for an ISMS . 4
5.2.2 ISMS in support of cybersecurity . 4
5.3 Cybersecurity framework . 5
5.4 Cybersecurity and safety . 5
5.5 Cyber insurance . . 5
6 Risk management approach in the context of cybersecurity . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Threat identification . 6
6.3 Risk identification . 7
7 Cyber threats . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 General business organization . 7
7.3 Industrial organization and industrial automation and control systems . 8
7.4 Products, services, and supplier relationships . . 8
7.5 Telecommunications services/internet service providers . 9
7.6 Public authorities . 9
7.7 Critical infrastructure .10
7.8 Individual person .10
8 Incident management in cybersecurity.10
8.1 General .10
8.2 Incident management within an organization .11
8.3 Cross-organizational coordination .11
8.4 Technical support by product and service supplier .11
Annex A (informative) A layered model representing cyberspace .13
Bibliography .17
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
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take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Cybersecurity is a broad term used differently through the world.
Cybersecurity concerns managing information security risks when information is in digital form in
computers, storage and networks. Many of the information security controls, methods, and techniques
can be applied to manage cyber risks.
ISO/IEC 27001 provides requirements for information security management systems. The focus of
ISO/IEC 27001 is on security of information, and associated risks, within environments predominantly
under the control of a particular organization. Cybersecurity focuses on the risks in cyberspace, an
interconnected digital environment that can extend across organizational boundaries, and in which
entities share information, interact digitally and have responsibility to respond to cybersecurity
incidents.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved v
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 27100:2020(E)
Information technology — Cybersecurity — Overview and
concepts
1 Scope
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity.
This document:
— describes cybersecurity and relevant concepts, including how it is related to and different from
information security;
— establishes the context of cybersecurity;
— does not cover all terms and definitions applicable to cybersecurity; and
— does not limit other standards in defining new cybersecurity-related terms for use.
This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organization (e.g. commercial enterprises,
government agencies, not-for-profit organizations).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 27000, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management
systems — Overview and vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 27000 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cyber attack
attack
malicious attempts to exploit vulnerabilities in information systems or physical systems in cyberspace
(3.5) and to damage, disrupt or gain unauthorized access to these systems
Note 1 to entry: Expression of an offensive operation in or through the cyberspace leading to unauthorized use of
services, creating illicit services, orchestrating denial of service, altering or deleting data or resources.
3.2
cybersecurity
safeguarding of people, society, organizations and nations from cyber risks (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: Safeguarding means to keep cyber risks at a tolerable level.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved 1
3.3
cybersecurity event
occurrence indicating a possible breach of cybersecurity (3.2) or failure of controls
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27035-1:2016, 3.3, modified — In the term and the definition, “information security”
has been replaced with “cybersecurity”.]
3.4
cybersecurity incident
one or multiple related and identified cybersecurity events (3.3) that can harm people, society,
organizations or nations
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27035-1:2016, 3.4, modified — In the term and the definition, “information security”
has been replaced with “cybersecurity”. In the definition, new wording has been added after "harm".]
3.5
cyberspace
interconnected digital environment of networks, services, systems, people, processes, organizations,
and that which resides on the digital environment or traverses through it
Note 1 to entry: Interconnected digital environment that traverses public infrastructure e.g. the internet, rather
than parts of the organisation’s internal network or air-gapped digital environments that may not traverse public
infrastructure.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27102:2019, 3.6, modified — In the definition, the part after "processes" has
been added.]
3.6
cyber threat
potential cause of an unwanted cybersecurity incident (3.4), which can result in harm to a system,
people, society, organization, or other entities in cyberspace (3.5)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 27000:2018, 3.74, modified — The term “threat” has been replaced with “cyber
threat”. In the definition, “incident” has been
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