ISO/TR 6409:2023
(Main)Road vehicles — Analysis of technical changes of ISO 5011:2020
Road vehicles — Analysis of technical changes of ISO 5011:2020
This document analyses the impact of changes to ISO 5011:2020 as regards to the following: — precleaner efficiency; — elimination of two secondary element tests (collapse and blocking); — revisions to the recommended ISO dust injector (Table 1); — validation of the absolute filter weighing method; and — inclusion of Annex H, "Penetration sensitivity". These changes refine the precleaner efficiency calculation, eliminate seldom used tests, which were lengthy or costly, further clarify dust injector use, the validation of the absolute material, and the precision of the efficiency measurement.
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des changements techniques de l'ISO 5011:2020
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 6409
First edition
2023-04
Road vehicles — Analysis of technical
changes of ISO 5011:2020
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des changements techniques de l'ISO
5011:2020
Reference number
ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Precleaner efficiency calculation . 1
5 Collapse and blocking tests .3
6 Revised recommended ISO dust injector table . 4
7 Dust injector (ISO 5011:2020, Figure B.18) . 5
8 Validation of the absolute filter weighing method (ISO 5011:2020, 5.4.1) .10
9 ISO 5011:2020, Annex H – Examples on how to implement it.10
10 Orifice flow test round robin results .13
11 Conclusion: impact of the changes .17
Bibliography .18
iii
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Introduction
This document describes the major changes made to ISO 5011:2014 with the ISO 5011:2020 revision.
v
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Road vehicles — Analysis of technical changes of ISO
5011:2020
1 Scope
This document analyses the impact of changes to ISO 5011:2020 as regards to the following:
— precleaner efficiency;
— elimination of two secondary element tests (collapse and blocking);
— revisions to the recommended ISO dust injector (Table 1);
— validation of the absolute filter weighing method; and
— inclusion of Annex H, "Penetration sensitivity".
These changes refine the precleaner efficiency calculation, eliminate seldom used tests, which were
lengthy or costly, further clarify dust injector use, the validation of the absolute material, and the
precision of the efficiency measurement.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5011:2020, Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors —
Performance testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5011:2020 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Precleaner efficiency calculation
Background:
In ISO 5011:2014 it was possible, using just the gain on the primary, secondary, and absolute filters
alone, to calculate the precleaner efficiency. This approach was logical, in so far as the measure of the
precleaner efficiency was defined by that which actually loaded on the primary, regardless of whether
it was removed entirely from the system.
This can occur:
— due to the casual removal of the elements (causing dust to fall off in the air cleaner and lowering the
primary gain);
1
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
— due to dust trapped within the precleaner housing itself, which commonly occurs during the initial
feed to a system.
It was felt that even if the dust did not reach the primary, and thus cause an increase in restriction, that
it might potentially re-entrain at some point if dislodged and could thus reach the primary.
The new change to ISO 5011:2020, 7.8.2 makes this impossible, as it now includes specifically the gain
in the air cleaner in the calculation (Figure 1).
ISO 5011:2020, 7.8.2 Precleaner efficiency
The precleaner efficiency is defined by the dust removed from the air stream prior to the primary
filter housing. Precleaner efficiency (E ) shall be determined during the dust capacity test, based
p1
on the total mass of dust fed to the air cleaner and the sum of the gain in mass of the primary,
secondary elements, housing and the absolute filter. Calculate the precleaner full life efficiency, E
p1
(expressed as a percentage), as follows:
mm−Δ()++ΔΔmm
DP SF
E = 100 (1)
p1
m
D
where
m is the total mass of dust fed;
D
Δm is the increase in mass of the, primary element and primary housing, if present;
P
Δm is the increase in mass of the secondary element, if present;
S
Δm is the increase in mass of the absolute filter.
F
Figure 1 — Examples of using the older ISO 5011:2014 calculation versus ISO 5011:2020, and
how this compares with the ‘dust ejected’ method
Impact:
1) If prior to this, only the gain on the primary, secondary, and absolute were used – then this changes
the results of the precleaner efficiency.
2) With a 100 % material balance (all masses were measured and collected), the new method
eliminates the difference between calculating using amount removed versus that which passes into
the primary air cleaner housing.
3) It is anticipated to be easier, under some circumstances where the method of removal makes it
difficult to measure the mass removed (dust ejected into the air for example), to calculate the
efficiency.
NOTE A future standard for precleaner efficiency testing is under development.
2
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
5 Collapse and blocking tests
The elimination of: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7
ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 “At the end of the test, after measuring the efficiency, the flow rate shall be
increased to produce a differential pressure across the housing of 12,5 kPa (125 mbar). The secondary
element shall not rupture under these conditions.”
Background: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 was a test designed to challenge the secondary element at the end
of a loading test, i.e. once the secondary had been subjected to the inefficiency of the primary loading.
This was done through increasing the airflow up to a preset differential pressure. The test required
that the airflow be increased after the efficiency masses were taken (i.e. resulting in the removal and
reinstallation of the primary). This is difficult to do without causing a change due to the loss of dust
cake, and it could be messy. This test was eliminated from ISO 5011:2020.
Impact:
1) If the customer requests, then the test can be tested per ISO 5011:2014.
2) The lab can use ISO 5011:2020, 6.6 "Filter element pressure collapse test" as a substitute collapse
challenge.
The elimination of: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4 "Secondary element blocking test"
Background: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4 was a method of measuring the effects of the gain on a secondary
element which resulted from its repeated use with replacement/new primaries in a series of loadings.
Since it was the inefficiency of the primary which determined the loading of the secondary, this
reflected the ‘real world’ loading of a secondary element. However, due to the cost and time involved in
the procedure, and lack of customer interest, it was eliminated from ISO 5011:2020.
Elements eliminated from ISO 5011:2014:
ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4 "Secondary element blocking test"
7.9.4.1 General
The test determines the increase in restriction/differential pressure and mass of a secondary
element, caused by the dust that has passed through the primary element.
7.9.4.2 Preparation
Use a clean primary element and secondary element in the housing normally employed. Determine
the mass of the secondary element after conditioning in accordance with 7.5.2.1.
7.9.4.3 Test procedure
7.9.4.3.1 Set up the air cleaner as in 6.3 (restriction and differential pressure test). Measure and
record the restriction/differential pressure of the unit at the rated flow only. Replace the later
reference primary element by a new primary element.
7.9.4.3.2 Conduct a full life efficiency and capacity test as specified in 7.5.
7.9.4.3.3 Replace the primary element with the reference one used at the start of the test. Repeat
the restriction and differential pressure test of 7.9.4.3.1. Note the result.
7.9.4.3.4 Remove the secondary element and reweigh.
3
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Impact:
1) If the customer requests, then the test can be tested per ISO 5011:2014.
2) The lab can run ISO 5011:2020, 7.9.2 instead of ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4. as a substitute method to
challenge the secondary.
6 Revised recommended ISO dust injector table
The revision of: ISO 5011:2020, 6.2.3
The text in ISO 5011:2014, 6.2.3 reads as follows:
Use the dust injector described in Table 1 and shown in Figures B.2 and B.3.
Table 1 — Table 1 of ISO 5011:2014 "Recommended ISO dust injectors (see Figures B.2 and B.3)"
Dust feed rate (g/min) 0 to 26 26 to 45 >45
ISO injector or ISO
Injector type ISO injector ISO Heavy-duty injector
heavy-duty injector
The specified ISO injector has been shown to feed dust satisfactorily at rates up to 45 g/min. Where
dust feed rates greater than this are required, more than one injector will have to be used. It should
be noted that the design of the system feeding test dust to the injector may affect this maximum
rate of dust feed. The maximum attainable dust feed rate should therefore be determined prior to
the dust feed/injector system being used for tests.
Injector nozzles are subject to natural erosion. Erosion may affect the distribution and delivery of
test contaminant. Therefore, it is recommended to use a design with replaceable parts.”
The text in ISO 5011:2020, 6.2.3 reads a
...
ISO/CD TR 6409:2022(E)
ISO TC 22/SC 34/WG 3
Date: 2022-09-152023-02
Road vehicles—Analysis of Technical Changestechnical changes of ISO 5011:2020
DTR stage
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
A model manuscript of a draft International Standard (known as “The Rice Model”) is available at
© ISO/CD TR 6409:2022 (E) – All rights reserved
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© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/CD TR 6409:2022 2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland-
© ISO/CD TR 6409 (E) – All rights reserved
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/CD TR 6409:2022 2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Precleaner Efficiency Calculation . 1
5 Collapse and Blocking Tests . 2
6 Revised Recommended ISO Dust Injector Table . 3
7 Dust Injector Figure B.18 . 6
8 Validation of the absolute filter weighing method (ISO 5011:2020, subclause 5.4.1) . 9
9 Annex H: Examples on how to implement . 9
10 Orifice flow test round robin results . 13
11 Conclusion: Impact of the changes . 15
12 Bibliography . 15
© ISO/CD TR 6409 (E) – All rights reserved © ISO 2023 – All iii
rights reserved
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ISO/CD TR 6409:2022 2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee [or Project Committee] ISO/TC [or ISO/PC] 22, Road
Vehiclesvehicles, Subcommittee SC 34, Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
This is the first edition of this document.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/CD TR 6409 (E) – All rights reserved
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/CD TR 6409:2022 2023(E)
Introduction
This technical reportdocument describes the major changes made to ISO 5011:2014 with the
ISO 5011:2020 revision.
© ISO/CD TR 6409 (E) – All rights reserved © ISO 2023 – All v
rights reserved
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Road vehicles—Analysis of Technical Changes technical changes
of ISO 5011:2020
1 Scope
This technical report looks briefly atdocument analyses the impact of changes to ISO 5011:2020 as
regards: to the following:
— precleaner efficiency; the
— elimination of two secondary element tests (collapse and blocking);
— revisions to the Recommendedrecommended ISO Dust Injector dust injector (Table 1; );
— validation of the absolute filter weighing method; and the
— inclusion of Annex H, "Penetration sensitivity. ".
These changes refine the precleaner efficiency calculation, eliminate seldom used tests, which were
lengthy or costly, further clarify dust injector use, the validation of the absolute material, and the
precision of the efficiency measurement.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5011:2020, Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors —
Performance Testingtesting
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5011:2020 subclause 3.1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Precleaner Efficiency Calculationefficiency calculation
Background:
In ISO 5011:2014 it was possible, using just the gain on the primary, secondary, and absolute filters alone,
to calculate the precleaner efficiency. This approach was logical, in so far as the measure of the precleaner
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
efficiency was defined by that which actually loaded on the primary, regardless of whether it was
removed entirely from the system.
This can occur:
— due to the casual removal of the elements (causing dust to fall off in the air cleaner and lowering the
primary gain));
— due to dust trapped within the precleaner housing itself, which commonly occurs during the initial
feed to a system.
It was felt that even if the dust did not reach the primary, and thus cause an increase in restriction, that
it might potentially re-entrain at some point if dislodged and could thus reach the primary.
The new change to ISO 5011:2020, subclause 7.8.2 makes this impossible, as it now includes specifically
the gain in the air cleaner in the calculation. (Figure 1).
ISO 5011:2020, 7.8.2 Precleaner efficiency (new)
The precleaner efficiency is defined by the dust removed from the air stream prior to the primary
filter housing. Precleaner efficiency (E ) shall be determined during the dust capacity test, based on
p1
the total mass of dust fed to the air cleaner and the sum of the gain in mass of the primary, secondary
elements, housing and the absolute filter. Calculate the precleaner full life efficiency, Ep1 (expressed
as a percentage), as follows:
m −∆m +∆m +∆m
( )
D P S F
m −∆( m ++∆mm∆ )
D PS F
E = 100 (13)
E 100
p1
p1
m
m
D
D
where
mD is the total mass of dust fed;
Inserted Cells
Δm is the increase in mass of the, primary element and primary housing, if present;
P
Δm is the increase in mass of the secondary element, if present;
S
ΔmF
is the increase in mass of the absolute filter.
Initial Primary Wt. (g.): 885.45 Final Wt. (g.): 1917.11 Total Wt. Gain (g.): 1031.66 Dust Jar Wt. (g.): 9993.6
Initial Safety Wt. (g.): 200.04 Final Wt. (g.): 200.47 Total Wt. Gain (g.): 0.43 Dust in A/C. (g.): 79.9
Capacity Absolute #: 0 Gain (g.): 0.19 Cumulative Efficiency: 100.00% Material Balance: 100.00%
Initial Absolute # 1 Gain (g.): 0.01 Initial Efficiency: 99.99% Additional Mass Fed (g.): 0.00
Separator Efficiency (2020): 89.99% Based on Dust Downstream (penetration beyond PC)
Test Time: 15:34:48 Total Dust Fed (g.): 11105.80 Separator Efficiency (2014): 90.70% Based on Dust on Old method with just the pirmary/secondary/absolute and NOT the AC
Separator Efficiency: 89.99% Based on Dust Jar Gain (removal)
Initial Eff. Dust Fed (g.) 71.28 Element Efficiency: 99.94%
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Figure - 1 — Examples of using the older ISO 5011:2014 calculation versus ISO 5011:2020 –, and
how this compares with the ‘dust ejected’ method
Impact:
1.) If prior to this, only the gain on the primary, secondary, and absolute were used – then this will
changechanges the results of the precleaner efficiency.
2.) With a 100 % material balance (all masses were measured and collected), the new method eliminates
the difference between calculating using amount removed versus that which passes into the primary
air cleaner housing.
3.) It is anticipated to be easier, under some circumstances where the method of removal makes it
difficult to measure the mass removed (dust ejected into the air for example), to calculate the
efficiency.
Note: NOTE A future standard for pre-cleanerprecleaner efficiency testing is under development.
5 Collapse and Blocking Testsblocking tests
The elimination of: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 Secondary element collapse
ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 “At the end of the test, after measuring the efficiency, the flow rate shall be
increased to produce a differential pressure across the housing of 12,5 kPa (125 mbar). The secondary
element shall not rupture under these conditions.”
Background: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 was a test designed to challenge the secondary element at the end
of a loading test, i.e. once the secondary had been subjected to the inefficiency of the primary loading.
This was done through increasing the airflow up to a preset differential pressure. The test required that
the airflow be increased after the efficiency masses were taken (i.e. resulting in the removal and
reinstallation of the primary). This is difficult to do without causing a change due to the loss of dust cake,
and it could be messy. This test was eliminated from ISO 5011:2020.
Impact:
1.) If the customer requests, then the test can be tested per ISO 5011:2014.
2.) The lab couldcan use ISO 5011:2020 subclause , 6.6 "Filter element pressure collapse test" as a
substitute collapse challenge.
The elimination of: ISO 5011:2014, subclause 7.9.4 "Secondary element blocking test"
Background: ISO 5011:2014, subclause 7.9.4 was a method of measuring the effects of the gain on a
secondary element which resulted from its repeated use with replacement/new primaries in a series of
loadings. Since it was the inefficiency of the primary which determined the loading of the secondary, this
reflected the ‘real world’ loading of a secondary element. However, due to the cost and time involved in
the procedure, and lack of customer interest, it was eliminated from ISO 5011:2020.
(5011-2014 -
Elements eliminated) from ISO 5011:2014:
ISO 5011:2014, subclause 7.9.4 "Secondary element blocking test"
7.9.4.1 General
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
“The test determines the increase in restriction/differential pressure and mass of a secondary
element, caused by the dust that has passed through the primary element.
7.9.4.2 Preparation
Use a clean primary element and secondary element in the housing normally employed. Determine
the mass of the secondary element after conditioning in accordance with 7.5.2.1.
7.9.4.3 Test procedure
7.9.4.3.1 Set up the air cleaner as in 6.3 (restriction and differential pressure test). Measure and
record the restriction/differential pressure of the unit at the rated flow only. Replace the later
reference primary element by a new primary element.
7.9.4.3.2 Conduct a full life efficiency and capacity test as specified in 7.5.
7.9.4.3.3 Replace the primary element with the reference one used at the start of the test. Repeat the
restriction and differential pressure test of 7.9.4.3.1. Note the result.
7.9.4.3.4 Remove the secondary element and reweigh.”.
The impact
Impact:
1.) If the customer requests, then the test can be tested per ISO 5011:2014.
2.) The lab can run ISO 5011:2020, subclause 7.9.2 instead of ISO 5011:2014, subclause 7.9.4. as a
substitute method to challenge the secondary.
6 Revised Recommendedrecommended ISO Dust Injector Tabledust injector
table
The revision of: ISO 5011:2020, subclause 6.2.3
“The text in ISO 5011:2014, 6.2.3 reads as follows:
Use the dust injector described in Table 1 and shown in Figures B.2, B.3 and B.18.”3.
(5011:2014 - replaced) Table 1 — Table 1 — 1 of ISO 5011:2014 "Recommended ISO
dust injectors (see Figures B.2 and B.3))"
Dust feed rate (g/min) 0 to 26 26 to 45 >45
ISO injector or ISO heavy-
Injector type ISO injector ISO Heavy-duty injector
duty injector
Table - The replaced ISO 5011:2014 Table 1 - Recommended ISO dust injectors
“The specified ISO injector has been shown to feed dust satisfactorily at rates up to 45 g/min. Where
dust feed rates greater than this are required, more than one injector will have to be used. It should
be noted that the design of the system feeding test dust to the injector may affect this maximum rate
of dust feed. The maximum attainable dust feed rate should therefore be determined prior to the dust
feed/injector system being used for tests.
4 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
It should be noted that the design of the system feeding test dust to the injector may affect this
maximum rate of dust feed.The maximum attainable dust feed rate should therefore be determined
prior to the dust feed/injector system being used for tests.Injector nozzles are subject to natural
erosion. Erosion may affect the distribution and delivery of test contaminant. Therefore, it is
recommended to use a design with replaceable parts.”
(The text in ISO 5011:2020 - new), 6.2.3 reads as follows:
Use the dust injector described in Table 1 — and shown in Figures B.2, B.3 and B.18.
Table 2 — Table 1 of ISO 5011:2020 "Recommended ISO dust injectors (see Figures B.2 B.3 and
B.18))"
Dust feed rate per injector
0 to 5 5 to 26 >26
(g/min)
Light-duty injector or
Heavy-duty injectors
Injector type Light-duty injector heavy-duty injectors
(A or B)
(A or B)
Table - The new ISO 5011:2020 Table 1 - Recommended ISO dust injectors
“If an array of injectors is used, special care shall be taken to make sure the dust fed is distributed
evenly between each injector for two reasons: First, to get homogeneous dust distribution in the
airstrea
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 6409
First edition
Road vehicles — Analysis of technical
changes of ISO 5011:2020
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des changements techniques de l'ISO
5011:2020
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Precleaner efficiency calculation . 1
5 Collapse and blocking tests .3
6 Revised recommended ISO dust injector table . 4
7 Dust injector (ISO 5011:2020, Figure B.18) . 5
8 Validation of the absolute filter weighing method (ISO 5011:2020, 5.4.1) .10
9 ISO 5011:2020, Annex H – Examples on how to implement it.10
10 Orifice flow test round robin results .13
11 Conclusion: impact of the changes .17
Bibliography .18
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Introduction
This document describes the major changes made to ISO 5011:2014 with the ISO 5011:2020 revision.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
Road vehicles — Analysis of technical changes of ISO
5011:2020
1 Scope
This document analyses the impact of changes to ISO 5011:2020 as regards to the following:
— precleaner efficiency;
— elimination of two secondary element tests (collapse and blocking);
— revisions to the recommended ISO dust injector (Table 1);
— validation of the absolute filter weighing method; and
— inclusion of Annex H, "Penetration sensitivity".
These changes refine the precleaner efficiency calculation, eliminate seldom used tests, which were
lengthy or costly, further clarify dust injector use, the validation of the absolute material, and the
precision of the efficiency measurement.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5011:2020, Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors —
Performance testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5011:2020 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Precleaner efficiency calculation
Background:
In ISO 5011:2014 it was possible, using just the gain on the primary, secondary, and absolute filters
alone, to calculate the precleaner efficiency. This approach was logical, in so far as the measure of the
precleaner efficiency was defined by that which actually loaded on the primary, regardless of whether
it was removed entirely from the system.
This can occur:
— due to the casual removal of the elements (causing dust to fall off in the air cleaner and lowering the
primary gain);
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ISO/TR 6409:2023(E)
— due to dust trapped within the precleaner housing itself, which commonly occurs during the initial
feed to a system.
It was felt that even if the dust did not reach the primary, and thus cause an increase in restriction, that
it might potentially re-entrain at some point if dislodged and could thus reach the primary.
The new change to ISO 5011:2020, 7.8.2 makes this impossible, as it now includes specifically the gain
in the air cleaner in the calculation (Figure 1).
ISO 5011:2020, 7.8.2 Precleaner efficiency
The precleaner efficiency is defined by the dust removed from the air stream prior to the primary
filter housing. Precleaner efficiency (E ) shall be determined during the dust capacity test, based
p1
on the total mass of dust fed to the air cleaner and the sum of the gain in mass of the primary,
secondary elements, housing and the absolute filter. Calculate the precleaner full life efficiency, E
p1
(expressed as a percentage), as follows:
mm−Δ()++ΔΔmm
DP SF
E = 100 (13)
p1
m
D
where
m is the total mass of dust fed;
D
Δm is the increase in mass of the, primary element and primary housing, if present;
P
Δm is the increase in mass of the secondary element, if present;
S
Δm is the increase in mass of the absolute filter.
F
Figure 1 — Examples of using the older ISO 5011:2014 calculation versus ISO 5011:2020, and
how this compares with the ‘dust ejected’ method
Impact:
1) If prior to this, only the gain on the primary, secondary, and absolute were used – then this changes
the results of the precleaner efficiency.
2) With a 100 % material balance (all masses were measured and collected), the new method
eliminates the difference between calculating using amount removed versus that which passes into
the primary air cleaner housing.
3) It is anticipated to be easier, under some circumstances where the method of removal makes it
difficult to measure the mass removed (dust ejected into the air for example), to calculate the
efficiency.
NOTE A future standard for precleaner efficiency testing is under development.
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5 Collapse and blocking tests
The elimination of: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7
ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 “At the end of the test, after measuring the efficiency, the flow rate shall be
increased to produce a differential pressure across the housing of 12,5 kPa (125 mbar). The secondary
element shall not rupture under these conditions.”
Background: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.2.2.7 was a test designed to challenge the secondary element at the end
of a loading test, i.e. once the secondary had been subjected to the inefficiency of the primary loading.
This was done through increasing the airflow up to a preset differential pressure. The test required
that the airflow be increased after the efficiency masses were taken (i.e. resulting in the removal and
reinstallation of the primary). This is difficult to do without causing a change due to the loss of dust
cake, and it could be messy. This test was eliminated from ISO 5011:2020.
Impact:
1) If the customer requests, then the test can be tested per ISO 5011:2014.
2) The lab can use ISO 5011:2020, 6.6 "Filter element pressure collapse test" as a substitute collapse
challenge.
The elimination of: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4 "Secondary element blocking test"
Background: ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4 was a method of measuring the effects of the gain on a secondary
element which resulted from its repeated use with replacement/new primaries in a series of loadings.
Since it was the inefficiency of the primary which determined the loading of the secondary, this
reflected the ‘real world’ loading of a secondary element. However, due to the cost and time involved in
the procedure, and lack of customer interest, it was eliminated from ISO 5011:2020.
Elements eliminated from ISO 5011:2014:
ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4 "Secondary element blocking test"
7.9.4.1 General
The test determines the increase in restriction/differential pressure and mass of a secondary
element, caused by the dust that has passed through the primary element.
7.9.4.2 Preparation
Use a clean primary element and secondary element in the housing normally employed. Determine
the mass of the secondary element after conditioning in accordance with 7.5.2.1.
7.9.4.3 Test procedure
7.9.4.3.1 Set up the air cleaner as in 6.3 (restriction and differential pressure test). Measure and
record the restriction/differential pressure of the unit at the rated flow only. Replace the later
reference primary element by a new primary element.
7.9.4.3.2 Conduct a full life efficiency and capacity test as specified in 7.5.
7.9.4.3.3 Replace the primary element with the reference one used at the start of the test. Repeat
the restriction and differential pressure test of 7.9.4.3.1. Note the result.
7.9.4.3.4 Remove the secondary element and reweigh.
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Impact:
1) If the customer requests, then the test can be tested per ISO 5011:2014.
2) The lab can run ISO 5011:2020, 7.9.2 instead of ISO 5011:2014, 7.9.4. as a substitute method to
challenge the secondary.
6 Revised recommended ISO dust injector table
The revision of: ISO 5011:2020, 6.2.3
The text in ISO 5011:2014, 6.2.3 reads as follows:
Use the dust injector described in Table 1 and shown in Figures B.2 and B.3.
Table 1 — Table 1 of ISO 5011:2014 "Recommended ISO dust injectors (see Figures B.2 and B.3)"
Dust feed rate (g/min) 0 to 26 26 to 45 >45
ISO injector or ISO
Injector type ISO injector ISO Heavy-duty injector
heavy-duty injector
The specified ISO injector has been shown to feed dust satisfactorily at rates up to 45 g/min. Where
dust feed rates greater than this are required, more than one injector will have to be used. It should
be noted that the design of the system feeding test dust to the injector may affect this maximum
rate of dust feed. The maximum attainable dust feed rate should therefore be determined prior to
the dust feed/injector system being used for tests.
Injector nozzles are subject to natural erosion. Erosion may affect the distribution and delivery of
test contaminant. Therefore, it is recommended to use a design with replaceable parts.”
The text in ISO 5011:2020, 6.2.3 reads as follows:
Use the dust injector described in Table 1 and shown in Figures B.2, B.3 and B.18.
Table 2 — Table 1 of ISO 5011:2020 "Recommended ISO dust injector
...
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