ISO/TS 15926-12:2018
(Main)Industrial automation systems and integration — Integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities — Part 12: Life-cycle integration ontology represented in Web Ontology Language (OWL)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities — Part 12: Life-cycle integration ontology represented in Web Ontology Language (OWL)
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018 specifies an ontology for the integration of industrial data throughout its life-cycle. The ontology is represented in Web Ontology Language (OWL). The following are within the scope of ISO/TS 15926-12:2018: · fundamental subclasses of an individual that exists in an actual or possible world, including physical object, activity and event; · relationships between physical objects, activities and events, including the creation and destruction of physical objects; · whole-part relationships between physical objects, including temporal part relationships that implement a 4-dimensional (4D) approach to change over time; · points and periods in time; · points and regions in space; · the identification of points in time by text strings in the format defined by ISO 8601. The following are outside the scope of ISO/TS 15926-12:2018: · definitions of physical quantities and measurement scales; · knowledge organization and document metadata specifications; · approval and status; · geometry and topology, including shape.
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Intégration de données de cycle de vie pour les industries de "process", y compris les usines de production de pétrole et de gaz — Partie 12: Ontologie d'intégration de cycle de vie représentée dans le langage d'ontologie du Web (OWL)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 15926-12
First edition
2018-07
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Integration of life-cycle
data for process plants including oil
and gas production facilities —
Part 12:
Life-cycle integration ontology
represented in Web Ontology
Language (OWL)
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Intégration
de données de cycle de vie pour les industries de "process", y compris
les usines de production de pétrole et de gaz —
Partie 12: Ontologie d'intégration de cycle de vie représentée dans le
langage d'ontologie du Web (OWL)
Reference number
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
3.3 Symbols . 3
3.4 Identification of classes and properties and reference in text . 3
4 Implementation of the life-cycle integration ontology . 4
4.1 Data that conforms to the ontology . 4
4.2 Extensions to the ontology . 5
4.3 Choice of OWL version . 5
4.4 Punning . 5
4.5 Thing and class. 5
5 Time and time duration . 6
5.1 Time duration . 6
5.2 ISO 8601 identification of point in time . 6
5.3 ISO 8601 identification of period in time. 6
5.4 ISO 8601 identification of duration . 6
Annex A (normative) Ontology for life-cycle integration . 7
Annex B (informative) Approach to the OWL implementation of ISO 15926-2 .11
Annex C (informative) Relationship between the life-cycle integration ontology and the
EXPRESS entities in ISO 15926-2 .17
Annex D (informative) Examples .19
Annex E (informative) Representation of the ontology as diagrams .36
Annex F (informative) Requirements and designs .53
Annex G (informative) Whole life individual and state .63
Annex H (informative) Industrial experience using OWL Direct Semantics .66
Bibliography .67
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15926 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
Introduction
ISO 15926 is an International Standard for the representation of process industries facility life-cycle
information. This representation is specified by a generic, conceptual data model that is suitable as the
basis for implementation in a shared database or data warehouse. The data model is designed to be
used in conjunction with reference data, i.e. standard instances that represent information common to
a number of users, production facilities, or both. The support for a specific life-cycle activity depends on
the use of appropriate reference data in conjunction with the data model.
This document specifies an ontology for the integration of industrial data throughout its life-cycle. The
ontology implements capabilities defined by the life-cycle integration schema of ISO 15926-2, and is
represented in Web Ontology Language (OWL).
This document is complementary to ISO/TS 15926-8, as follows:
— ISO/TS 15926-8 is a direct transposition of ISO 15926-2 into OWL, in which all relationships are
reified. ISO/TS 15926-8 is intended an OWL implementation for the template methodology defined
in ISO/TS 15926-7.
— This document is an implementation of ISO 15926-2 in OWL in which relationships are object
properties, datatype properties or annotation properties. This document defines an ontology that
is intended to be used with standard Resource Description Framework (RDF) and OWL tools. The
ontology has a partition that is OWL DL and that can support reasoning.
Some of the content of ISO 15926-2 has not been included in this document, as follows:
— shape, which is within the scope of ISO/TS 15926-3;
— approval and status, which are covered by other ontologies and developments within W3C.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration —
Integration of life-cycle data for process plants including
oil and gas production facilities —
Part 12:
Life-cycle integration ontology represented in Web
Ontology Language (OWL)
1 Scope
This document specifies an ontology for the integration of industrial data throughout its life-cycle. The
ontology is represented in Web Ontology Language (OWL).
NOTE 1 The ontology implements capabilities of the life-cycle integration schema of ISO 15926-2.
NOTE 2 OWL has a representation in RDF. Therefore, this document provides an ability to query life-cycle
integration data using Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL).
The following are within the scope of this document:
— fundamental subclasses of an individual that exists in an actual or possible world, including physical
object, activity and event;
— relationships between physical objects, activities and events, including the creation and destruction
of physical objects;
— whole-part relationships between physical objects, including temporal part relationships that
implement a 4-dimensional (4D) approach to change over time;
— points and periods in time;
— points and regions in space;
— the identification of points in time by text strings in the format defined by ISO 8601.
The following are outside the scope of this document:
— definitions of physical quantities and measurement scales;
— knowledge organization and document metadata specifications;
— approval and status;
— geometry and topology, including shape.
NOTE 3 Geometry and topology are covered by ISO/TS 15926-3.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
activity
individual (3.1.5) that is something happening or changing
3.1.2
event
individual (3.1.5) that has zero extent in time
3.1.3
ontology
formal statement of an understanding of the world
Note 1 to entry: An ontology can be represented in any language. It need not be represented in a language
specifically designed for ontologies, such as OWL. An ontology can have different representations.
Note 2 to entry: An ontology does not specify what data need to be recorded about the world.
Note 3 to entry: The ontology defined by this document is principally concerned with the world outside a
computer system.
3.1.4
physical object
individual (3.1.5) that is a distribution of energy, matter or both
3.1.5
individual
thing that exists in space and time
Note 1 to entry: An individual can exist in the actual world or in a possible world that is a prediction, plan or
scenario.
3.1.6
punning
assigning the same name to objects that are treated as different in OWL Direct Semantics
3.1.7
temporal part relationship
whole-part relationship (3.1.8) such that the part is all of the whole for a period of time
3.1.8
whole-part relationship
relationship between two individuals (3.1.5) such that 4D extent of one is part of the 4D extent of the other
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4D 4-dimensional
FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offloading
IRI Internationalized Resource Identifier
lci Life-Cycle Integration
NOTE This initialization is used in lower case as the TURTLE prefix for things in the life
cycle integration ontology.
NORSOK Norsk Sokkels Konkuranseposisjon
OWL Web Ontology Language
PED Pressurized Equipment Directive
RDF Resource Description Framework
RDL Reference Data Library
SPARQL Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language
TURTLE Terse RDF Triple Language
3.3 Symbols
This document contains examples with diagrams which show instantiations of ISO 15926. The concise
notation is used for these diagrams as defined in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Notation for the ISO 15926 instantiation examples
3.4 Identification of classes and properties and reference in text
The classes and properties defined by this document have natural language identifiers which are in
lower case and which contain spaces where appropriate.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
The classes and properties defined by this document have Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)
with suffices derived from their natural language identifiers as follows:
— spaces are removed and encoded by camel-case;
— classes have an initial upper case letter;
— properties have an initial lower case letter.
The normative text of this document refers to a class or property in the following ways:
— if the class or property is defined by this document, then the text has the identifier of the class or
property in bold font;
— otherwise, the text has the identifier of the class or property in normal font and in quotes and states
the source.
The text of an example in this document has the identifier of an example class or property in normal
font and in quotes.
4 Implementation of the life-cycle integration ontology
4.1 Data that conforms to the ontology
Implementation of the life-cycle ontology represented in OWL shall use the representation of the
ontology in Annex A. Various examples are presented in Annex D, Annex F and Annex G.
Data that conforms to the life-cycle integration ontology shall consist of members of thing and
statements that are relationships between them. A thing is either:
— individual: something that exists in space and time, and that has variation defined in 4D;
— abstract object: something that does not exist in space and time.
NOTE 1 An owl: Thing can be something other than an individual or abstract object. Therefore, thing is a
subclass of owl: Thing.
NOTE 2 An abstract object can be:
— class of individual: class that has individuals as members;
— class of class of individual: class that has classes of individual as members;
or a higher order power class of individual.
There are very few things that are members of abstract object but not members of class of individual or class
of class of individual. Most of these are:
— classes that have a mixture of individuals, classes of individual, and classes of class of individual as members;
An example is the class that consists of all classes defined by this document.
— relationships that are recorded as mappings.
An example is the mapping “identification by UK vehicle registration number”, which is shown in Annex D.
The mapping “identification by UK vehicle registration number” has a representation space assigned by
relationship with the “UK Driver and Vehicle Licencing Authority”. Using OWL punning, the mapping is also
an owl: ObjectProperty, an owl: FunctionalProperty and an owl: InverseFunctionalProperty.
A statement of the relationship between things shall not be qualified in any way. If a statement is true
for a particular period in time, then temporal parts of the related individuals shall be defined. If a
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
statement is true for a particular scenario, or “possible world”, then individuals that exist only within
that possible world shall be defined.
4.2 Extensions to the ontology
The life-cycle integration ontology may be extended by creating new classes that are subclasses of
individual, abstract object, class of individual, and class of class of individual.
NOTE There are likely to be few subclasses of abstract object that are not subclasses of class of individual
or class of class of individual, outside the realm of mathematics.
4.3 Choice of OWL version
This document defines an ontology that is represented using the W3C OWL 2 Web Ontology Language.
The approach of the OWL implementation is described in Annex B, while a representation of the ontology
as diagrams is presented in Annex E. The relationship between the life-cycle integration ontology and
the EXPRESS entities in ISO 15926-2 is described in Annex C.
The ontology complies with the Direct Semantics of OWL 2. However, compliance has been achieved
by using punning and by implementing relationships between classes as OWL annotation properties.
Industrial experience using an OWL Direct Semantics representation that enables efficient support for
automated reasoning is described in Annex H. The ontology has been partitioned into:
— a part concerned with individuals and their relationships — this part supports OWL DL reasoners;
— an extension containing subclasses of class and of class of class and their relationships — this part
supports the full capability of ISO 15926-2; use of this part results in data that complies with OWL 2
RDF-based semantics.
NOTE An objective of this document is to enable the recording of all engineering data as precisely as possible,
and to support direct querying using languages such as SPARQL.
4.4 Punning
ISO 15926-2 makes statements about relationships between classes and classification of classes. These
statements are implemented by making the classes class of individual and class of class of individual
subclasses of the OWL class “Thing”, instead of the OWL class “Class”.
This is an implementation of punning as defined in W3C, OWL 2 Web Ontology Language New Features
and Rationale.
4.5 Thing and class
ISO 15926-2 contains the classes thing and class. These classes are not identical to the classes “Thing”
and “Class” in OWL. The differences are as follows:
thing: In ISO 15926-2, the class thing is defined as the disjoint union of individual, which has a 4D
spatio-temporal extent, and abstract object which does not have a spatio-temporal extent.
All classes in ISO 15926-2 are subclasses of either individual or abstract object. Members of
thing are defined with respect to the 4D paradigm or are independent of space and time.
In other ontologies, the OWL class “Thing” has members that are not within the 4D paradigm.
class: In ISO 15926-2, the class class has all sets as members. The members of class are not neces-
sarily regarded as classes by an OWL implementation. There is also a difference in approach.
An ISO 15926 class is the set of members, but an OWL class “Class” is a definition of a class
that has an extension. Two members of OWL “Class” are equivalent if they have the same ex-
tension. Two members of an ISO 15926 class are either the same or different.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
5 Time and time duration
5.1 Time duration
The class time duration is a measure of how long an individual lasts. It is a subclass of quantity and a
member of quantity kind.
NOTE Time duration is important for many practical implementations of ISO 15926. This document extends
ISO 15926-2 by including this class within the ontology.
5.2 ISO 8601 identification of point in time
ISO 8601 identification of point in time is a sub-property of identified by literal, where the domain
is point in time and the range is a text string defined by ISO 8601.
NOTE The representation of a point in time according to ISO 8601 is useful for many practical
implementations of ISO 15926. This document extends ISO 15926-2 by providing an identification of a point in
time using a text string defined in ISO 8601.
EXAMPLE The text string “2007-04-05T12:30-02:00” is an ISO 8601 identifier of the point in time that is
12:30 in a time zone 2 h ahead of UTC on 2007-04-05.
5.3 ISO 8601 identification of period in time
ISO 8601 identification of period in time is a sub-property of identified by literal, where the domain
is period in time and the range is a text string defined by ISO 8601.
NOTE The representation of a period in time according to ISO 8601 is useful for many practical
implementations of ISO 15926. This document extends to capabilities in ISO 15926-2 by providing an
identification of a period in time using a text string defined in ISO 8601.
EXAMPLE The text string “2007-04-05T12:30-02:00/2007-04-05T13:30-02:00” is an ISO 8601 identifier of
the period in time that is 12:30 to 13:30 in a time zone 2 h ahead of UTC on 2007-04-05.
5.4 ISO 8601 identification of duration
ISO 8601 identification of duration is a sub-property of identified by literal, where the domain is
point in time and the range is a text string defined by ISO 8601.
NOTE 1 The representation of a time duration according to ISO 8601 is useful for many practical
implementations of ISO 15926. This document extends to capabilities in ISO 15926-2 by providing an
identification of a duration using a text string defined in ISO 8601.
NOTE 2 A time duration can also be represented using members of scale, such as second, minute, hour, day,
which are defined in ISO/TS 15926-4.
EXAMPLE The text string “P1DT12H” is an ISO 8601 identifier of the time duration that is 1 day and 12 h,
which is usually 36 h except when daylight saving time begins or ends during the period.
6 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Ontology for life-cycle integration
A.1 Full ontology
This document defines an ontology for life-cycle integration.
NOTE 1 This ontology is intended for OWL 2 RDF-based semantics.
The following copyright statement applies to the ontology and is included within the representation of
the ontology.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge in perpetuity, to any person obtaining a copy of the
ontology, to use, copy, modify, merge and distribute free of charge, copies of the ontology for the
purposes of developing, implementing, installing and using software based on the ontology, and to
permit persons to whom the ontology is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
THE ONTOLOGY IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISO, OR ANY OTHER LICENSOR
THAT GRANTS THE RIGHT UNDER THE ABOVE PERMISSION TO USE THE ONTOLOGY, BE LIABLE FOR
ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ONTOLOGY OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE ONTOLOGY.
In addition, any modified copy of the ontology shall include the following notice:
THIS ONTOLOGY HAS BEEN MODIFIED FROM THE ONTOLOGY DEFINED IN ISO/TS 15926-12, AND
SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS COMPLYING WITH THAT STANDARD.
The life-cycle integration ontology defined by this document has the IRI:
http: //standards .iso .org/iso/ts/15926/ -12/ed -1/en/tech/ontology
The version of the ontology that is defined by this edition of this document is represented by the
TURTLE files listed in Table A.1. The files can be obtained by dereferencing the IRIs with the prefix:
http: //standards .iso .org/iso/ts/15926/ -12/ed -1/en/tech/ontology/.ttl
NOTE 2 TURTLE is a W3C recommendation and is much more readable than the XML serialization of RDF.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 7
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
Table A.1 — Representation of the ontology for life-cycle integration
File File content
abstract object, mapping and subclasses of class of individual and
abstract-object-v-1.0
class of class of individual
Annotation of the ontology using annotation properties defined in
annotation-lci-v-1.0
this document
annotation-skos-v-1.0 Annotation of the ontology using annotation properties defined in SKOS
arranged-individual-v-1.0 Subclasses of physical object
class-of-arranged-individual-v-1.0 Subclasses of class of physical object
Collector of all the ontologies except the annotation and the inferred
collector-v-1.0
statements
document-v-1.0 Classes relevant to information and documents
individual-v-1.0 Subclasses of individual
inferred-domains-and-ranges-v-1.0 Domains, ranges, and inverse statements that could be inferred
inverse-occurrance-relationship-v-1.0 Inverses of relationships between classes of individual
inverse-relationship-v-1.0 Inverses of relationships between individuals
maths-v-1.0 Simple mathematical classes and relationships
occurrence-relationship-v-1.0 Relationships between classes of individual
quantity-v-1.0 Classes and relationships about quantities and properties
relationship-v-1.0 Relationships between individuals
The annotation files in the ontology are informative copies of the normative definitions contained in
the following HTML file:
http: //standards .iso .org/iso/ts/15926/ -12/ed -1/en/tech/iso _ts _15926 -12 _definitions .htm
The import graph for the ontology files is shown in Figure A.1.
Figure A.1 — Import hierarchy
8 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15926-12:2018(E)
The annotation and the inferred domains, ranges and inverse statements can be added to the collector
as shown in Figure A.2.
Figure A.2 — Annotation and inferred statements
The annotation in SKOS is provided by the SKOS vocabulary shown in Table A.2.
Table A.2 — SKOS annotation
SKOS term Definition Equivalent in this document
The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given
prefLabel identificationByLiteral
language
A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of
definition definitionByLiteral
a concept
A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the
scopeNote noteByLiteral
use of a concept
example An example of the use of a concept descriptionOfExampleByLiteral
A.2 Individual subset ontology
A subset of the full ontology that is concerned only with individuals and their properties is defined.
NOTE 1 This ontology is intended for OWL 2 direct semantics.
The “individual subset” ontology imports the ontologies “individual”, “relationship” and “inverse
relationship”. The ontology also contains the classes in “abstract object” and “quantity” that are useful
for the representation of physical quantities.
http: //
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.