ISO/IEC 9281-1:1990

Information technology — Picture coding methods — Part 1: Identification

Technologies de l'information — Méthodes de codage d'image — Partie 1: Identification

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 25-Jul-1990
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.30 - Coding of graphical and photographical information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 08-May-2024
• Completion Date: 12-Feb-2026

Standards Content (Sample)

ISOAEC
INTERNATIONAL
9281-l
STANDARD
First edition
1990-08-o 1
Information technology - Picture coding
methods -
Part 1:
Identification
Technologies de I’informa tion - Methodes de codage d’image -
Partie I: /den tifica tion
Reference number
ISO/I EC 928 l-1 : 1990(E)
ISO/IEC 9281=1:1990(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the
International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system
for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of IS0
or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal
with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical com-
mittees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international or-
ganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0
and IEC, also take part in the work.
In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a
joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards
adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bod-
ies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires ap-
proval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO/IEC 9281-1 was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.
ISO/IEC 9281 consists of the following parts, under the general title In-
formation technology - Picture coding methods:
- Part 1: ldentifica tion
- Part 2: Procedure for registration
Annexes A and B of this part of ISO/IEC 9281 are for information only.
0 ISO/IEC 1990
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
ISO/lEC Copyright Office l Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
ISO/IEC 9281=1:1990(E)
Introduction
This part of ISOAEC 9281 specifies the identification methods for coding
of pictorial information in digital form where the information can be
stored, processed or interchanged by telecommunications or by the ex-
change of physical storage media. Techniques are provided to switch
between picture coding methods in the picture coding environment, as
well as to switch between the picture coding environment and coding
systems according to IS0 2022. Thus, this part of ISOAEC 9281 is limited
to coding and does not address functional aspects which are covered
by other International Standards, e.g. IS0 8613.
IS0 2022 deals with byte-oriented coding and extension techniques for
graphic characters and control functions, and assigns specific areas of
the code table to graphic characters and to control functions. In picture
coding this structure cannot be retained. Picture coding methods con-
stitute, therefore, coding systems different from that of IS0 2022. Indeed,
the control functions may take the form of operations (opcodes) and
operands.
Because this part of ISOAEC 9281 is intended to serve as a basis for a
number of other standards for specific picture coding methods, an in-
troduction to its basic concepts is included in annex B.
. . .
III
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ISOIIEC 9281=1:1990(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
- Picture coding methods -
Information technology
Part 1:
Identification
Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur-
1 Scope
rently valid International Standards.
This part of ISO/IEC 9281 specifies the identification
IS0 2022:1986, Information processing - IS0 T-bit
methods for coding of pictorial information in digital
and B-bit coded character sets - Code extension
form. It does not specify the contents of the data field
techniques.
of a picture entity. For instance, this field may also
contain audio and/or animation data associated with
IS0 2375:1985, Data processing - Procedure for the
the data specifying the picture(s).
registration of escape sequences.
This part of lSO/IEC 9281 serves as a basis for a
IS0 6429: 1988, Information processing - Control
number of standards. In combination with one or
functions for T-bit and 8-bit coded character sets.
more of those, pictorial information in digital form,
ISO/IEC 9281-2: 1990, Information technology - Pic-
using one or more methods of coding, may be built
ture codinq methods - Part 2: Procedure for regis-
up into a document for visual comprehension.
Graphic characters coded in accordance with other tration. c
standards can also be combined with the picture in-
international Register of Coded Character Sets To
formation. The coded information from such a docu-
Be Used with Escape Sequences.
ment may be processed, and transmitted by
telecommunications systems.
4 Definitions
This part of ISO/IEC 9281 also specifies a technique
for switching between character-coded information
For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 9281, the
and digital pictorial information, and between differ-
following definitions apply.
ent picture coding methods.
4.1 picture: A bounded representation of visual in-
2 Conformance
formation. It may comprise, for example, a photo-
graph, a diagram or a chart with captions, or a
A picture coding method is in conformance with this
combination of these. It may also comprise audio
part of ISO/IEC 9281 if it satisfies the requirements
and/or animation data associated with the visual in-
of clause 5, clause 6 and clause 7.
formation.
4.2 picture coding: The representation in digital
3 Normative references
form of a picture, particularly for storage, inter-
change or processing.
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
4.3 graphic element: A constituent of an array from
of this part of ISO/IEC 9281. At the time of publica-
which a picture is constructed.
tion, the editions indicated were valid. All standards
are subject to revision, and parties to agreements
4.4 picture coding method: A specific way of coding
based on this part of ISO/IEC 9281 are encouraged
a distinctive type of graphic element constituting a
to investigate the possibility of applying the most
picture.
recent editions of the standards indicated below.

ISOllEC 92814:1990(E)
4.5 picture coding environment: Applications using 5.2 Coding
picture coding methods.
In the following description 8-bit coding is assumed.
4.6 picture entity (PE): The complete coded repre- Thus the word “byte” is used with the meaning
sentation of a picture or part of a picture. It com-
“8-bit byte”. However, the specifications of this part
prises a Picture Control Entity and a Picture Data
of ISO/IEC 9281 are also valid in a 7-bit environment.
Entity.
In this case the word “byte” shall be interpreted as
meaning “7-bit byte”.
4.7 picture control entity (PCE): A two- or three-
field header that indicates the start of a Picture En-
tity.
52.1 General (see figure 1)
4.8 picture data entity (PDE): The binary-coded in-
Each instance of a picture coding method within the
formation from which the picture description is de-
picture coding environment shall comprise a Picture
rived by the receiver.
Entity (PE).
4.9 picture coding delimiter (PCD): A two-byte field
that initiates the start of a PCE.
5.2.2 Picture Entity (PE)
4.10 coding method identifier (CMI): A two- or
Each PE shall comprise a Picture Control Entity
three-byte field following a PCD and identifying the
(PCE ) and a Picture Data Entity (PDE .
>
particular coding method used in the Picture Data
Entity.
5.2.3 Picture Control Entity (PCE)
4.11 length indicator (LI): A field of the PCE of one
or more bytes specifying the number of data bytes
Picture Coding
Each PCE shall comprise at least a
in the Picture Data Entity.
Delimiter (PCD) and a Coding Method Identifier
(CMI). Depending on the requirement of the coding
4.12 photographic coding: A technique for repre-
method identified by the CMI, a Length Indicator (LI)
senting pictures by means of pixels, using high re-
may follow which specifies the number of picture
solution and a wide range of gray levels and/or col-
data bytes in the PDE.
ours giving a natural appearance.
4.13 computer graphics coding: A technique for
representing in processable form a picture gener-
5.2.4 Picture Coding Delimiter (PCD)
ated by geometric means, the elements of which can
be readily manipulated by a computer.
The PCD shall be the first field of the PCE. It shall
be represented by the two bytes Ol/ll 07/00.
5 Identification means
52.5 Coding Method Identifier (CMI)
5.1 Picture coding methods
The CMI shall identify the particular coding method
Within the picture coding environment different
for the picture data that follow it. The CMI shall
types of picture coding methods can be used, the
identification of which shall be in accordance with consist of at least two bytes in accordance with
5.2. clause 6.
PE Picture Entity
I------ -
PCE Picture Control Entity POE
I I
Picture Length Picture
Picture
CMI Method Ll Indicator Data
PCD Coding
Delimiter Identifier Entity
Figure I - Structure of a Picture Entity
ISO/IEC 9281=1:1990(E)
5.2.6 Picture Data Entity (PDE) Number of data bytes
1 byte : O The POE shall comprise the picture data coded ac-
cording to the method identified by the preceding
2 bytes : 25Sn<210 - 1
CMI.
If the data in the POE is bit-oriented, the coding
method shall specify how to recognize the end of the
data. If the number of bits in the POE is not a multi-
ple of 8, the POE shall be padded with 1 to 7 ZERO . . . . .
bits in order to ensure byte synchronization.
: z5(“- ‘) n bytes
5.2.7 Encoding of LI (see figure 2)
The first byte of the LI field shall indicate whether
Examples of coded representation
or not the number n of data bytes in the POE is
specified.
If this byte is set to all ZEROS, this shall mean that
n-31 : I[]
this number n is not specified, and that the next byte
is the first byte of the POE.
If this byte is set to all ONES, this shall mean that
this number n is specified. The follow
...