ISO 23704-3:2023

General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) — Part 3: Reference architecture of CPSMT for additive manufacturing

This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for additive manufacturing (AM) based on the reference architecture of CPSMT as provided in ISO 23704-1 and the requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart additive manufacturing system. The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM includes: — the technical requirements for the smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS), — the reference architecture of the cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCM) for AM, — the reference architecture of the cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for AM, and — the interface view of the CPSMT for AM. This document also provides: — stakeholder requirements for the SAMS, — the concept of the digital thread, — types of abnormality in AM, and — use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM. This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.

Titre manque — Partie 3: Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Mar-2023
• ICS: 25.040.20 - Numerically controlled machines
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 1 - Industrial cyber and physical device control
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 16-Mar-2023
• Due Date: 19-Oct-2023
• Completion Date: 16-Mar-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23704-3
First edition
2023-03
General requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine
tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 3:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for
additive manufacturing
Reference number
ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture for additive manufacturing
(AM) . 4
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture for AM .4
6 Technical requirements of a smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS) from
the CPSMT perspective. 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Technical requirements of autonomously dealing with abnormalities . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Dealing with hard real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process . 7
6.2.3 Dealing with soft real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process . 8
6.2.4 Acquisition of data related to an AM process . 8
6.2.5 Data processing related to an AM process . 8
6.2.6 Extraction of value-added data . 8
6.2.7 AM process monitoring . 9
6.2.8 AM process status prediction . 9
6.2.9 AM process status diagnosis . 9
6.2.10 Making decisions about the AM system to enhance AM process performance . 10
6.2.11 Update of the AM workflow data . 10
6.2.12 Dealing with abnormalities . 10
6.3 Technical requirements of autonomous coordination with shop floor devices . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Coordination among shop floor devices . 11
6.4 Technical requirements of autonomous collaboration with a shop floor control
system .12
6.4.1 General .12
6.4.2 Receiving a coordinated process plan .12
6.4.3 Providing the AM process data for shop floor operation .12
6.4.4 Interoperability for the data interface .12
6.5 Technical requirements of interface with AM workflow .13
6.5.1 General .13
6.5.2 Interface with AM workflow . 13
6.5.3 Interoperability for interface with AM workflow .13
6.6 Technical requirement of interface with hierarchy levels .13
6.6.1 General .13
6.6.2 Interface with a hierarchy level . 13
6.6.3 Interoperability for interface with hierarchy level . 14
6.7 Technical requirement of interface with humans . 14
6.7.1 General . 14
6.7.2 Interface with humans . 14
6.7.3 Interoperability for interface with humans . 14
7 Reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM .14
8 Functional view of a CPCM for additive manufacturing (AM) .17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 AM machine unit (AMU) of a CPCM . 17
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 AM function perspective . 17
8.2.3 AM process perspective . 17
8.2.4 AM component perspective . 18
8.2.5 Abnormalities of an AM machine unit (AMU) . 19
8.3 Cyber-physical system (CPS) unit . 19
8.3.1 General . 19
8.3.2 Inner-loop element.20
8.3.3 Intra-loop element.22
8.3.4 Inter-loop element . 23
9 Functional view of a CSSM for AM .23
9.1 General .23
9.2 Data processing unit (DPU). 24
9.2.1 General . 24
9.2.2 CPCM interface element . 24
9.2.3 UIS interface element . 24
9.2.4 Data fusion element .25
9.2.5 Data storage element . 25
9.2.6 Data transformer for external entities element . 25
9.3 Digital thread unit .26
9.3.1 General . 26
9.3.2 AM workflow data model . 26
9.3.3 AM workflow data management .30
9.3.4 AM behaviour model .30
9.3.5 Behaviour model engine .30
9.4 MAPE unit . 31
9.4.1 General . 31
9.4.2 Monitoring element . 31
9.4.3 Analysis element . . 31
9.4.4 Planning element . 32
9.4.5 Execution element . 32
9.5 External interface unit . 32
9.5.1 General . 32
9.5.2 Interface schema element . 33
9.5.3 Interface manager element . 33
10 Interface view of a CPSMT for AM .33
10.1 General . 33
10.2 CPCM interface .34
10.2.1 General .34
10.2.2 External interface with a CPCM .34
10.2.3 Internal interface with a CPCM . 35
10.3 CSSM interface . 35
10.3.1 General . 35
10.3.2 External interface with a CSSM.36
10.3.3 Internal interface with a CSSM .36
Annex A (informative) Collected stakeholder requirements on smart additive
manufacturing system (SAMS) .38
Annex B (informative) Concept of the digital thread in AM .40
Annex C (informative) Types of abnormality in AM .41
Annex D (informative) Example use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for additive
manufacturing (AM) .43
Bibliography .49
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Industrial cyber and physical device control.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23704 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
Introduction
According to ISO/ASTM 52900, additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials to make
a part from 3D model data usually layer by layer. With the advancement of various feedstocks, process
technologies, and product design methodologies, AM contributes to realizing customized production,
which is the key objective of Industry 4.0. Also, AM allows construction of complex geometry and other
features that were previously impossible or impractical to manufacture.
Many institutions have long been devoted to technological development from the viewpoint of reducing
downtime and defects and are considering smart technologies such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a new
means to achieve this.
From the market perspective, many institutions have released various smart additive manufacturing
systems (SAMS) based on their own concepts and local terminologies. This makes stakeholders
confused about the common concept of SAMS, including end-users. For this reason, standards and
substantial modelling for a SAMS are needed.
From the standards perspective, for standards on contemporary AM technology, there is a set of
standards and a roadmap from ISO TC261/ASTM F42. For standards on smart manufacturing, RAMI 4.0
(IEC/PAS 63088) and IEC TR 63319 TR-SMRM provide a reference model for smart manufacturing on
a high level. Even though some standards deal with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, e.g. OPC-UA
(IEC/TR 62541-1 and Reference [67]), MTConnect (ANSI/MTC1.4-2018), ISO/IEC 30141, IEC 62769,
there are no standards specifying the SAMS.
The ISO 23704 series specifies general requirements on smart machine tools for supporting smart
manufacturing in the shop floor via cyber-physical system control scheme, namely cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT).
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 23704 series, including:
— Overview and fundamental principles of CPSMT in ISO 23704-1;
— Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing in ISO 23704-2;
— Reference architecture of CPSMT for AM in ISO 23704-3.
Other related parts such as implementation guideline or reference architecture for other types of
manufacturing will be added if and when necessary
Figure 1 — Overall structure of the ISO 23704 series on general requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
This document can be used as a reference and guidelines for stakeholders such as, but not limited to:
— Design engineers in the area of SAMS,
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
— System architects in the area of SAMS,
— Software engineers working with the AM machine builders in the area of SAMS,
— Machine tool control vendors in the area of SAMS,
— Solution and service providers in the area of SAMS, and
— End users such as factory operators working with SAMS.
vii
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
General requirements for cyber-physically controlled
smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 3:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for additive
manufacturing
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
systems (CPSMT) for additive manufacturing (AM) based on the reference architecture of CPSMT
as provided in ISO 23704-1 and the requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart additive
manufacturing system.
The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM includes:
— the technical requirements for the smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS),
— the reference architecture of the cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCM) for AM,
— the reference architecture of the cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for AM, and
— the interface view of the CPSMT for AM.
This document also provides:
— stakeholder requirements for the SAMS,
— the concept of the digital thread,
— types of abnormality in AM, and
— use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM.
This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements for this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23704-1, General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 23704-2, General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 2: Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23704-1, ISO 23704-2,
ISO/ASTM 52900, and the following apply.
1
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1.1
additive manufacturing component
AM component
single piece or group of pieces forming a functional unit within an additive manufacturing (AM)
machine unit (3.1.15)
3.1.2
additive manufacturing function
AM function
function performed by an additive manufacturing (AM) machine unit (3.1.15) instance
3.1.3
additive manufacturing machine unit
AM machine unit
AMU
instance of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) for additive manufacturing (AM) in the-
reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for AM
3.1.4
additive manufacturing process
AM process
process of joining materials to make a part from a 3D model data layer by layer in the reference
architecture of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) for additive manufacturing (AM)
Note 1 to entry: Definition is based on the ISO/ASTM 52900 definition of single-step AM process in Annex B.
3.1.5
additive manufacturing workflow
AM workflow
sequence of process steps involved in producing a physical part using additive manufacturing
Note 1 to entry: The AM workflow consists of a) product design, b) feedstock, c) build preparation, d) process
control, e) post-processing, f) quality control, and g) part.
3.1.6
build motion
machine movements needed for creating a product with feedstock / support
Note 1 to entry: Feedstock and support are defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 in the context of additive manufacturing.
3.1.7
build process
realization of the material joining by providing a source of activation
Note 1 to entry: Joining means realization of consolidation of the raw material to create the final form using a
material activation method.
Note 2 to entry: Example activation methods are binding mechanism, chemical reaction or heating.
2
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ISO 23704-3:2023(E)
3.1.8
cyber physical system unit
CPS unit
collection of functional entities responsible for advanced cyber-physical control
Note 1 to entry: ISO 23704-1:2022, 3.1.8 defines a CPS (Cyber-Physical System) as a physical and engineered
system whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and
communication core.
Note 2 to entry: The CPS unit provides advanced control functionalities for the machine tool unit (3.1.13),
interfacing with data from sensors, numerical control kernel / programmable logic controller, the cyber-
supporting system for machine tool (CSSM), shop floor control system (SFCS), and unified interface system (UIS).
3.1.9
cyber-physically controlled smart additive manufacturing system
CPSAM
smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS) (3.1.14) viewed from the capabilities of cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 23704-1:2022, Clause 10 for the capabilities of CPSMT.
3.1.10
digital thread
framework that provides an integrated view of all data throughout the AM workflow (3.1.5)
Note 1 to entry: The digital thread manages a record of a product from its creation to its removal. T
...

Deleted: © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
Deleted: 2022-09-26¶
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Deleted: DIS
ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
ISO/TC 184/SC 1/WG 11
Date: 2022-11
Deleted:
Secretariat: DIN
General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
systems (CPSMT) — Part 3: Reference architecture of CPSMT for additive
manufacturing
Deleted: Document type:  International Standard¶
Document subtype: ¶
Document stage:  (40.99) Committee¶
Document language:  E¶

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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Deleted:
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no
part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without
prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or
ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Deleted:

CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
Deleted:

CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Deleted:

Phone: [phone]
Deleted:

Email: [e-mail]
Deleted: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org

Published in Switzerland

Deleted:
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Deleted:
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization. Deleted:
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement. Deleted:
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Industrial cyber and physical device control.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23704 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Deleted:
Deleted:
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Deleted:
Introduction
According to ISO/ASTM 52900, additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials to make
a part from 3D model data usually layer by layer. With the advancement of various feedstocks, process
technologies, and product design methodologies, AM contributes to realizing customized production,
Deleted:
which is the key objective of Industry 4.0. Also, AM allows construction of complex geometry and other
features that were previously impossible or impractical to manufacture.
Many institutions have long been devoted to technological development from the viewpoint of reducing
downtime and defects and are considering smart technologies such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a new
means to achieve this.
From the market perspective, many institutions have released various smart additive manufacturing
systems (SAMS) based on their own concepts and local terminologies. This makes stakeholders confused
about the common concept of SAMS, including end-users. For this reason, standards and substantial
modeling for a SAMS are needed.
From the standards perspective, for standards on contemporary AM technology, there is a set of
standards and a roadmap from ISO TC261/ASTM F42. For standards on smart manufacturing, RAMI 4.0
(IEC/PAS 63088) and IEC TR 63319 TR-SMRM provide a reference model for smart manufacturing on a
high level. Even though some standards deal with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, e.g. OPC-UA
[67]
(IEC/TR 62541-1 and ), MTConnect (ANSI/MTC1.4-2018), ISO/IEC 30141, IEC 62769, there are no Deleted:
standards specifying the SAMS.
Deleted:
The ISO 23704 series specifies general requirements on smart machine tools for supporting smart
manufacturing in the shop floor via cyber-physical system control scheme, namely cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT).
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 23704 series, including:
— Overview and fundamental principles of CPSMT in ISO 23704-1;
Deleted:
Deleted: ,
— Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing in ISO 23704-2;
Deleted:
Deleted: ,
— Reference architecture of CPSMT for AM in ISO 23704-3.
Deleted:
Other related parts such as implementation guideline or reference architecture for other types of
manufacturing will be added if and when necessary
Deleted: ¶

Figure 1 — Overall structure of the ISO 23704 series on general requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
Deleted:
This document can be used as a reference and guidelines for stakeholders such as, but not limited to:
Deleted:
iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Deleted:
— Design engineers in the area of SAMS,
Deleted:
— System architects in the area of SAMS,
Deleted:
— Software engineersworking with the AM machine builders in the area of SAMS, Deleted:
— Machine tool control vendors in the area of SAMS, Deleted:
— Solution and service providers in the area of SAMS, and Deleted:
— End users such as factory operators working with SAMS. Deleted:
Deleted:
Deleted:
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v

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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)

Deleted: General requirements for cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 3: Reference architecture of CPSMT for additive
manufacturing¶
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart
machine tool systems (CPSMT) — Part 3: Reference
architecture of CPSMT for additive manufacturing
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
systems (CPSMT) for additive manufacturing (AM) based on the reference architecture of CPSMT as
provided in ISO 23704-1 and the requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart additive
manufacturing system.
The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM includes:
— the technical requirements for the smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS),
— the reference architecture of the cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCM) for AM,
— the reference architecture of the cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for AM, and
— the interface view of the CPSMT for AM.
This document also provides:
— stakeholder requirements for the SAMS,
— the concept of the digital thread,
— types of abnormality in AM, and
— use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM.
This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements for this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23704-1, General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Deleted: -
Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
Deleted: Cyber-Physically Controlled Smart Machine Tool
Systems…
ISO 23704-2, General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Deleted: fundamentals
Part 2: Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing
Deleted: -
Deleted: Cyber-Physically Controlled Smart Machine Tool
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
Systems…
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23704-1, ISO 23704-2,
ISO/ASTM 52900, and the following apply.
Deleted: https://www.iso.org/obp
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
Deleted:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Deleted:
2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1.1
additive manufacturing component
AM component
single piece or group of pieces forming a functional unit within an additive manufacturing (AM) machine
unit (3.1.15) Deleted:
3.1.2
additive manufacturing function
AM function
function performed by an additive manufacturing (AM) machine unit (3.1.15) instance
3.1.3
additive manufacturing machine unit
AM machine unit
AMU
instance of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) for additive manufacturing (AM) in the-
Deleted:
reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for AM
3.1.4
additive manufacturing process
AM process
process of joining materials to make a part from a 3D model data layer by layer in the reference
architecture of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) for additive manufacturing (AM)
Deleted:
Note 1 to entry: Definition is based on the ISO/ASTM 52900 definition of single-step AM process in Annex B.
Deleted:
Deleted:
3.1.5
additive manufacturing workflow Deleted:
AM workflow
Deleted:
sequence of process steps involved in producing a physical part using additive manufacturing
Deleted: 1) Product
Deleted: 2) Feedstock, 3) Build
Note 1 to entry: The AM workflow consists of a) product design, b) feedstock, c) build preparation, d) process
control, e) post-processing, f) quality control, and g) part.
Deleted: 4) Process
Deleted: 5) Post
3.1.6
Deleted: 6) Quality
build motion
machine movements needed for creating a product with feedstock / support Deleted: 7) Part. This definition is based on ISO/TC
261/WG 3 Convener report with a minor modification.
Note 1 to entry: Feedstock and support are defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 in the context of additive manufacturing.
Deleted: .
Deleted:
3.1.7
Deleted:
build process
realization of the material joining by providing a source of activation Deleted:
Deleted: .
Note 1 to entry: Joining means realization of consolidation of the raw material to create the final form using a
Deleted:
material activation method.
Deleted:
Note 2 to entry: Example activation methods are binding mechanism, chemical reaction or heating.
Deleted:
Deleted: ¶
3.1.8
Deleted:
cyber physical system unit
CPS unit
Deleted:
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 3

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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
collection of functional entities responsible for advanced cyber-physical control
Deleted: ¶
Note 1 to entry: ISO 23704-1:2022, 3.1.8 defines a CPS (Cyber-Physical System) as a physical and engineered system
Deleted:
whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core.
Deleted: Clause 3.1.8 in
Note 2 to entry: The CPS unit provides advanced control functionalities for the machine tool unit (3.1.13), interfacing
Deleted:
with data from sensors, numerical control kernel / programmable logic controller, the cyber-supporting system for
Deleted: see Clause
machine tool (CSSM), shop floor control system (SFCS), and unified interface system (UIS).
3.1.9 Deleted: ¶
cyber-physically controlled smart additive manufacturing system
CPSAM
smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS) (3.1.14) viewed from the capabilities of cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 23704-1:2022, Clause 10 for the capabilities of CPSMT.
Deleted:
Deleted:
3.1.10
digital thread
framework that provides an integrated view of all data throughout the AM workflow (3.1.5)
Note 1 to entry: The digital thread manages a record of a product from its creation to its removal. The CAx chain
[103]
(CAD, CAPP, CAE, CAM, CNC, CMM) is a key enabler for this, based on . Deleted: [104
Note 2 to entry: The data are interconnected in a series of feedback and feedforward loops.
Deleted:
Note 3 to entry. For more details on digital thread including the difference between digital thread and digital twin,
Deleted:
see Annex B.
3.1.11
digital thread unit
instance of a digital thread (3.1.10), focussed on the operation phase, in the reference architecture of
cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for additive manufacturing (AM)
3.1.12
feedstock / support handling
delivery (feeding), storage and management of the remaining feedstock / support on the machine, e.g.
recoating and surface leveling mechanism in vat photopolymerization, powder feeding system in binder
jetting
3.1.13
machine tool unit
unit (3.1.15) consisting of hardware that performs a series of machine tool functions
Note 1 to entry: According to ISO 14955-1, the machine tool function consists of machine tool operations
Deleted:
(machining process, motion and control), process conditioning, workpiece (3.1.16) handling, tool handling or die
Deleted:
change, recyclables and waste handling and machine tool cooling / heating.
3.1.14
smart additive manufacturing system
Deleted:
SAMS
Deleted:
additive manufacturing system that supports the vision, characteristics, and capabilities of smart
manufacturing Deleted: _
Deleted: [50
[49]
Note 1 to entry: Details of smart manufacturing are described in IEC TR 63319 .
Deleted:
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
3.1.15
unit
group of elements that constitutes part of the reference architecture of a cyber-physically controlled
machine tool (CPCM) and a cyber-supporting system for machine tool (CSSM) for additive manufacturing
Note 1 to entry: The term “unit” here is used as an instance of a collection of elements. Deleted:
Deleted:
3.1.16
workpiece
joined material forming a functional element that could constitute all or a section of an intended product
Note 1 to entry: The functional requirements for a workpiece are typically determined by the intended application.
Deleted:
Deleted:
[SOURCE: ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, 3.9.1, modified — term “part” changed to workpiece]
Deleted:
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO 23704-1, ISO 23704-2, and the Deleted:
following apply.
AM Additive Manufacturing Deleted: ¶
AMF Additive Manufacturing File Format
CPCM Cyber-Physically Controlled Machine tool system
CPS Cyber-Physical System
CPSAM Cyber-Physically controlled Smart Additive Manufacturing system Deleted:
CPSMT Cyber Physically controlled Smart Machine Tool system
CSSM Cyber Supporting System for Machine tool
KPI Key Performance Indicator
SAMS Smart Additive Manufacturing System
SFCS Shop Floor Control System
SFDS Shop Floor Device System
STL Standard Transformation Language
3MF 3D Manufacturing Format
UIS Unified Interface System
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture for additive
manufacturing (AM)
To claim conformance, a definition of specific system architecture provided by a vendor or system
integrator should use the terminology, architectural concepts, and have the capabilities defined in this
document, within the scope of their specific use cases.
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture for AM
The CPSMT reference architecture for AM describes an architecture of smart machine tool systems for
AM based on the generic reference architecture specified in ISO 23704-1. It provides guidance for
designers developing smart machine tool systems for AM and aims to give a better understanding of
Deleted:
smart machine tools to the stakeholders of such systems.
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
NOTE Examples of stakeholders are machine tool builders, CNC vendors, solution vendors, service providers,
customers and end-users.
The CPSMT reference architecture for AM ensures the following important standardization objectives:
— transparent and unambiguous communication between all interested parties of an SAMS,
— the interoperability of an SAMS with related hardware devices, software, services, and
manufacturing systems,
— the quality / capability of an SAMS,
— the use of an SAMS, and
— systematic development, modification of an SAMS.
Figure 2 illustrates the context of how the CPSMT reference architecture for AM is derived and viewed
from various perspectives.
Deleted:

Figure 2 — Context of the CPSMT reference architecture for additive manufacturing (AM)
Based on Figure 2, this document has the following descriptions:
— The technical requirements of an SAMS from the CPSMT perspective in Clause 6,
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM in Clause 7,
— The reference architecture of a CPCM for AM viewed from a functionality perspective in Clause 8,
Deleted:
— The reference architecture of a CSSM for AM viewed from a functionality perspective in Clause 9,
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
— The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM viewed from the interface perspective in Clause 10,
— The stakeholder requirements on an SAMS in Annex A,
— The concept of digital thread in AM in Annex B,
— The types of abnormality in AM in Annex C, and
— Example use cases on the reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM in Annex D.
6 Technical requirements of a smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS)
from the CPSMT perspective
6.1 General
This Clause describes the technical requirements of the SAMS mainly based on the AM stakeholder
requirements described in Annex A from the perspective of a CPSMT as summarized in Table 1.
NOTE 1 In the view of ‘systems engineering,’ an advanced methodology for developing complex systems, the
technical requirements described in Clause 6 correspond to ‘system requirements,’ the technical requirements to
be satisfied by the reference (solution) architecture for the smart manufacturing system are specified in Clause 7.
NOTE 2 For details on systems engineering, see ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207, ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010.
In terms of the phase of the AM workflow, the technical requirements are functions to be fulfilled by the
SAMS during the process control (operation) phase categorized into six capabilities of a CPSMT specified
in ISO 23704-1:2022, Clause 10. Deleted:
Deleted:
NOTE 3 The ‘life cycle aspect’ defined in ISO 23704-1 corresponds to ‘AM workflow’ in the AM domain.
Deleted:
The details of the technical requirements in each category are given in the following subclauses so that
they can be used as the requirements to be satisfied by the reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM
specified in Clause 7.
Table 1 — Technical requirements of Smart Additive Manufacturing System (SAMS)
from the CPSMT capabilities
Categories based on the CPSMT
Technical requirements Deleted:
capabilities
(subclause number in this document)
(subclause number in this document)
6.2.2 Dealing with hard real-time scale abnormalities during an AM
process
6.2.3 Dealing with soft real-time scale abnormalities during an AM
process
6.2.4 Acquisition of data related to an AM process
Deleted:
6.2.5 Data processing related to an AM process
Autonomous dealing with
abnormalities ( 6.2) 6.2.6 Extraction of value-added data
6.2.7 AM process monitoring
6.2.8 AM process status prediction
6.2.9 AM process status diagnosis
6.2.10 Making decisions about the AM system to enhance AM process
performance
Deleted:
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
6.2.11 Update of AM workflow data
6.2.12 Dealing with abnormalities
6.3.2 Coordination among shop floor devices
Autonomous coordination with
6.3.2 Supporting the combination of finish cutting in subtractive
Deleted: 3
shop floor devices ( 6.3)
manufacturing and AM process
6.4.2 Receiving a coordinated process plan
Autonomous collaboration with
6.4.3 Providing the AM process data for shop floor operation
shop floor control system ( 6.4)
6.4.4 Interoperability for the data interface
6.5.2 Interaction with AM workflow
Interface with an AM workflow
( 6.5)
6.5.3 Interoperability for interface with AM workflow
6.6.2 Interaction with a hierarchy level
Interface with hierarchy level
( 6.6)
6.6.3 Interoperability for interface with hierarchy level
6.7.2 Interaction with humans
Interface with humans
( 6.7)
6.7.3 Interoperability for interface with humans
6.2 Technical requirements of autonomously dealing with abnormalities
6.2.1 General
This subclause describes the technical requirements of an SAMS from the "autonomously dealing with
abnormalities" capability perspective.
NOTE 1 See ISO 23704-1:2022, 3.1.1 for the definition of abnormality.
Deleted:
NOTE 2 As noted in ISO 23704-1:2022, 10.1, the capability of dealing with abnormalities is emphasized due to the
Deleted:
fact that:
— In principle, total optimization of the manufacturing process, in essence, is done by: a) off-line optimization
Deleted: 1
(e.g. via CAx, DfAM), followed by b) on-line ‘faithful’ execution.
Deleted: 2
— Faithful execution can be done by autonomously dealing with abnormalities; the deviations from the normal
status optimally planned off-line.
6.2.2 Dealing with hard real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process
This technical requirement means dealing with abnormalities during the AM process in a hard real-time
fashion. Hard real-time means the result of data handling is incorrect unless the measure meets the
specified timing requirements.
NOTE 1 See ISO 23704-1:2022, 3.1.17 for the definition of hard real-time.
Deleted:
NOTE 2 Hard-real time does not mean the process itself, but the controller task, i.e. even a slow process is
operational in real time.
There are abnormalities occurring abruptly during the build process, e.g. within a layer, between layers,
immediately adversely affecting the AM system when measures are not taken within the time limit. In
order to detect and take action for these abnormalities, the AM process needs to be checked and handled
in hard real-time.
Explicitly, an SAMS should have a means for dealing with the abnormalities in a hard real-time scale.
NOTE 3 Example abnormalities to be dealt with in the hard real-time scale include inappropriate melt pool
Deleted:
geometry and thermal distribution, servo disturbance, clogging.
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
6.2.3 Dealing with soft real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process
This technical requirement means dealing with abnormalities during the AM process in a soft-real time
fashion. Soft real-time means the result of data handling is degraded unless the measure meets the
specified timing requirements.
NOTE 1 See ISO 23704-1:2022, 3.1.28 for the definition of soft-real time.
Deleted:
There are abnormalities occurring during the build process, e.g. within a layer, between layers, gradually
adversely affecting the AM system. In order to detect and take action for the abnormalities, the AM
process needs to be checked and handled in soft-real time.
Explicitly, an SAMS should have a means for dealing with the abnormalities in a soft-real time scale.
NOTE 2 Example abnormalities to be dealt with in the soft real-time scale include gradual energy
overconsumption, gradual reduction of the remaining useful life of the motor in the nozzle.
6.2.4 Acquisition of data related to an AM process
This technical requirement means the process of collecting data related to the AM system to determine
and to analyze its status.
All data in the AM domain are related to the AM workflow. The representative sources of data include,
e.g. the AM machine (e.g. sensor, controller), office floor (e.g. order management system), a CAx system
(e.g. CAD, CAM, CAE), human input. Those data are a valuable asset and have the potential for
enhancement of the operational performance.
Explicitly, an SAMS should have a means for acquiring data related to the AM process.
NOTE 1 Example sensors include infrared camera, thermocouple, strain gauge.
NOTE 2 Example process parameters, in the case of powder bed fusion, include heat source energy, scanning feed,
scanning spot size, chamber preheat temperature, chamber pressure.
NOTE 3 Example CAx data includes part program which conforms to the ISO 14649 series, ISO 6983-1, or 3D
modeling format (e.g. AMF, 3MF, STL).
6.2.5 Data processing related to an AM process
This technical requirement involves the systematic performance of operations upon AM data.
Deleted:
NOTE 1 See [1] for more details on data processing.
Deleted:
Deleted:
In practice, it is difficult to use the acquired data (See 6.2.4) immediately as they often include
Deleted:
unorganized, inaccurate, and incorrect data. In order to make them usable, they need to be processed in
Deleted:
some fashion. Data processing functions for supporting this include, e.g. cleansing, formatting, and
grouping.
Deleted:
Explicitly, an SAMS should have a means for data processing related to the AM process.
NOTE 2 Examples of data cleansing include dealing with missing and noisy thermocouple values.
NOTE 3 Examples of data formatting include organizing the sensor, controller, and CAx data into pre-defined AM
workflow data models.
NOTE 4 An example of data grouping is the insertion of formatted data into a group, e.g. porosity abnormality
dataset.
Deleted:
Deleted:
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
6.2.6 Extraction of value-added data
This technical requirement means generating data of added value through data processing, which is
described in 6.2.5.
Data processing provides the foundation for further analysis and utilization of data with specific purpose.
These value-added data, through further processing, can contribute not only to enhancing the complexity
and predictability of the AM machine behavior, but also to making accurate decisions and generating
control inputs for an AM machine, entities such as humans, CAx system, office floor systems, and shop
floor systems.
Explicitly, an SAMS should acquire and utilize extracted value-added data.
NOTE Example value-added data includes the amount of deviation of energy supply from activation source
compared with the reference value and estimated amount of the melt-pool geometry with thermal distribution.
6.2.7 AM process monitoring
This technical requirement means assessing whether or not an abnormality is occurring during an AM
process in the time span of control.
During the AM process, various types of abnormality can occur. Early detection of abnormalities helps to
shorten the time for making decisions to maintain or enhance the operational performance of the AM
process.
Explicitly, an SAMS should have an AM monitoring function.
NOTE Examples of AM process monitoring include detection of insufficient energy supply to the laser power
source, detection of laser overheating, detection of energy overconsumption during the AM operation, detection of
thermal distortion / warping, calculaing the thermal distribution of the melt pool, detection of porosity inside the
AM product.
6.2.8 AM process status prediction
This technical requirement means prediction of future signs of abnormalities.
Various types of abnormality can occur during the AM process. If the symptoms of abnormalities can be
identified in advance it can contribute to the imp
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23704-3
ISO/TC 184/SC 1
General requirements for cyber-
Secretariat: DIN
physically controlled smart machine
Voting begins on:
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Part 3:
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Reference architecture of CPSMT for
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23704-3
ISO/TC 184/SC 1
General requirements for cyber-
Secretariat: DIN
physically controlled smart machine
Voting begins on:
tool systems (CPSMT) —
Voting terminates on:
Part 3:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for
additive manufacturing
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be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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ii
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022

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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
4 Conformance with the CPSMT reference architecture for additive manufacturing
(AM) . 4
5 Goals and objectives of the CPSMT reference architecture for AM .4
6 Technical requirements of a smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS) from
the CPSMT perspective. 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Technical requirements of autonomously dealing with abnormalities . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Dealing with hard real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process . 7
6.2.3 Dealing with soft real-time scale abnormalities during an AM process . 8
6.2.4 Acquisition of data related to an AM process . 8
6.2.5 Data processing related to an AM process . 8
6.2.6 Extraction of value-added data . 8
6.2.7 AM process monitoring . 9
6.2.8 AM process status prediction . 9
6.2.9 AM process status diagnosis . 9
6.2.10 Making decisions about the AM system to enhance AM process performance . 10
6.2.11 Update of the AM workflow data . 10
6.2.12 Dealing with abnormalities . 10
6.3 Technical requirements of autonomous coordination with shop floor devices . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Coordination among shop floor devices . 11
6.4 Technical requirements of autonomous collaboration with a shop floor control
system .12
6.4.1 General .12
6.4.2 Receiving a coordinated process plan .12
6.4.3 Providing the AM process data for shop floor operation .12
6.4.4 Interoperability for the data interface .12
6.5 Technical requirements of interface with AM workflow .13
6.5.1 General .13
6.5.2 Interface with AM workflow . 13
6.5.3 Interoperability for interface with AM workflow .13
6.6 Technical requirement of interface with hierarchy levels .13
6.6.1 General .13
6.6.2 Interface with a hierarchy level . 13
6.6.3 Interoperability for interface with hierarchy level . 14
6.7 Technical requirement of interface with humans . 14
6.7.1 General . 14
6.7.2 Interface with humans . 14
6.7.3 Interoperability for interface with humans . 14
7 Reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM .14
8 Functional view of a CPCM for additive manufacturing (AM) .17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 AM machine unit (AMU) of a CPCM . 17
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 AM function perspective . 17
8.2.3 AM process perspective . 17
8.2.4 AM component perspective . 18
8.2.5 Abnormalities of an AM machine unit (AMU) . 19
8.3 Cyber-physical system (CPS) unit . 19
8.3.1 General . 19
8.3.2 Inner-loop element.20
8.3.3 Intra-loop element.22
8.3.4 Inter-loop element . 23
9 Functional view of a CSSM for AM .23
9.1 General .23
9.2 Data processing unit (DPU). 24
9.2.1 General . 24
9.2.2 CPCM interface element . 24
9.2.3 UIS interface element . 24
9.2.4 Data fusion element .25
9.2.5 Data storage element . 25
9.2.6 Data transformer for external entities element . 25
9.3 Digital thread unit .26
9.3.1 General . 26
9.3.2 AM workflow data model . 26
9.3.3 AM workflow data management .30
9.3.4 AM behaviour model .30
9.3.5 Behaviour model engine .30
9.4 MAPE unit . 31
9.4.1 General . 31
9.4.2 Monitoring element . 31
9.4.3 Analysis element . . 31
9.4.4 Planning element . 32
9.4.5 Execution element . 32
9.5 External interface unit . 32
9.5.1 General . 32
9.5.2 Interface schema element . 33
9.5.3 Interface manager element . 33
10 Interface view of a CPSMT for AM .33
10.1 CPCM interface .34
10.1.1 General .34
10.1.2 External interface with a CPCM .34
10.1.3 Internal interface with a CPCM . 35
10.2 CSSM interface . 35
10.2.1 General . 35
10.2.2 External interface with a CSSM.36
10.2.3 Internal interface with a CSSM .36
Annex A (informative) Collected stakeholder requirements on smart additive
manufacturing system (SAMS) .38
Annex B (informative) Concept of the digital thread in AM .40
Annex C (informative) Types of abnormality in AM .41
Annex D (informative) Example use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for additive
manufacturing (AM) .43
Bibliography .49
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 1, Industrial cyber and physical device control.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23704 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
Introduction
According to ISO/ASTM 52900, additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials to make
a part from 3D model data usually layer by layer. With the advancement of various feedstocks, process
technologies, and product design methodologies, AM contributes to realizing customized production,
which is the key objective of Industry 4.0. Also, AM allows construction of complex geometry and other
features that were previously impossible or impractical to manufacture.
Many institutions have long been devoted to technological development from the viewpoint of reducing
downtime and defects and are considering smart technologies such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a new
means to achieve this.
From the market perspective, many institutions have released various smart additive manufacturing
systems (SAMS) based on their own concepts and local terminologies. This makes stakeholders
confused about the common concept of SAMS, including end-users. For this reason, standards and
substantial modeling for a SAMS are needed.
From the standards perspective, for standards on contemporary AM technology, there is a set of
standards and a roadmap from ISO TC261/ASTM F42. For standards on smart manufacturing, RAMI 4.0
(IEC/PAS 63088) and IEC TR 63319 TR-SMRM provide a reference model for smart manufacturing on
a high level. Even though some standards deal with Industry 4.0 enabling technologies, e.g. OPC-UA
[67]
(IEC/TR 62541-1 and ), MTConnect (ANSI/MTC1.4-2018), ISO/IEC 30141, IEC 62769, there are no
standards specifying the SAMS.
The ISO 23704 series specifies general requirements on smart machine tools for supporting smart
manufacturing in the shop floor via cyber-physical system control scheme, namely cyber-physically
controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT).
Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the ISO 23704 series, including:
— Overview and fundamental principles of CPSMT in ISO 23704-1;
— Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing in ISO 23704-2;
— Reference architecture of CPSMT for AM in ISO 23704-3.
Other related parts such as implementation guideline or reference architecture for other types of
manufacturing will be added if and when necessary
Figure 1 — Overall structure of the ISO 23704 series on general requirements for cyber-
physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT)
This document can be used as a reference and guidelines for stakeholders such as, but not limited to:
— Design engineers in the area of SAMS,
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
— System architects in the area of SAMS,
— Software engineersworking with the AM machine builders in the area of SAMS,
— Machine tool control vendors in the area of SAMS,
— Solution and service providers in the area of SAMS, and
— End users such as factory operators working with SAMS.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
General requirements for cyber-physically controlled
smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 3:
Reference architecture of CPSMT for additive
manufacturing
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool
systems (CPSMT) for additive manufacturing (AM) based on the reference architecture of CPSMT
as provided in ISO 23704-1 and the requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart additive
manufacturing system.
The reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM includes:
— the technical requirements for the smart additive manufacturing system (SAMS),
— the reference architecture of the cyber-physically controlled machine tools (CPCM) for AM,
— the reference architecture of the cyber-supporting system for machine tools (CSSM) for AM, and
— the interface view of the CPSMT for AM.
This document also provides:
— stakeholder requirements for the SAMS,
— the concept of the digital thread,
— types of abnormality in AM, and
— use cases of reference architecture of a CPSMT for AM.
This document does not specify physical or implementation architecture.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements for this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23704-1, General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 23704-2, General requirements for cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) —
Part 2: Reference architecture of CPSMT for subtractive manufacturing
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23704-1, ISO 23704-2,
ISO/ASTM 52900, and the following apply.
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ISO/FDIS 23704-3:2022(E)
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3.1 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1.1
additive manufacturing component
AM component
single piece or group of pieces forming a functional unit within an additive manufacturing (AM)
machine unit (3.1.15)
3.1.2
additive manufacturing function
AM function
function performed by an additive manufacturing (AM) machine unit (3.1.15) instance
3.1.3
additive manufacturing machine unit
AM machine unit
AMU
instance of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) for additive manufacturing (AM) in the-
reference architecture of cyber-physically controlled smart machine tool systems (CPSMT) for AM
3.1.4
additive manufacturing process
AM process
process of joining materials to make a part from a 3D model data layer by layer in the reference
architecture of a cyber-physically controlled machine tool (CPCM) for additive manufacturing (AM)
Note 1 to entry: Definition is based on the ISO/ASTM 52900 definition of single-step AM process in Annex B.
3.1.5
additive manufacturing workflow
AM workflow
sequence of process steps involved in producing a physical part using additive manufacturing
Note 1 to entry: The AM workflow consists of a) product design, b) feedstock, c) build preparation, d) process
control, e) post-processing, f) quality control, and g) part.
3.1.6
build motion
machine movements needed for creating a product with feedstock / support
Note 1 to entry: Feedstock and support are defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 in the context of additive manufacturing.
3.1.7
build process
realization of the material joining by providing a source of activation
Note 1 to entry: Joining means realization of consolidation of the raw material to create the final form using a
material activation method.
Note 2 to entry: Example activation methods are binding mechanism, chemical reaction or heating.
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