Molecular biomarker analysis — Isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR) methods — Part 1: General requirements

This document specifies general criteria for development, validation and use of nucleic acid analytical methods based on the isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR). It provides additional information and guidance for specific isoPCR technologies. This document is applicable to food, feed, plant matrices and their propagules, plant pathogens, and animals in which amplification of a specific biomolecular target sequence is required.

Analyse de biomarqueurs moléculaires — Méthodes de réaction de polymérisation en chaîne isotherme (isoPCR) — Partie 1: Exigences générales

Le présent document spécifie des critères généraux pour la mise au point, la validation et l’utilisation de méthodes d’analyse d’acide nucléique fondées sur la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne isotherme (isoPCR). Il délivre des informations supplémentaires et des recommandations pour des technologies isoPCR particulières. Le présent document est applicable aux aliments, aux aliments pour animaux, aux matrices végétales et à leurs propagules, aux agents phytopathogènes, et aux animaux pour lesquels une amplification d’une séquence biomoléculaire cible spécifique est requise.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
23-Mar-2022
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
24-Mar-2022
Due Date
06-Oct-2021
Completion Date
24-Mar-2022
Ref Project

Buy Standard

Standard
ISO 22942-1:2022 - Molecular biomarker analysis — Isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR) methods — Part 1: General requirements Released:3/24/2022
English language
40 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
Standard
ISO 22942-1:2022 - Molecular biomarker analysis — Isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR) methods — Part 1: General requirements Released:3/24/2022
French language
44 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
Draft
ISO/FDIS 22942-1 - Molecular biomarker analysis -- Isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR) methods
English language
40 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22942-1
First edition
2022-03
Molecular biomarker analysis —
Isothermal polymerase chain reaction
(isoPCR) methods —
Part 1:
General requirements
Analyse de biomarqueurs moléculaires — Méthodes de réaction de
polymérisation en chaîne isotherme (isoPCR) —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Development of an isoPCR method . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Intended purpose . 3
5.3 Scientific basis . 3
5.4 Units of measurement . 6
5.5 Method validation . 6
5.6 Performance criteria . 6
5.6.1 General . 6
5.6.2 Sensitivity . 6
5.6.3 Nucleic acid extract quality . 7
5.6.4 Applicability . 7
5.6.5 Nucleic acid sequence specificity . 7
5.6.6 Precision . 7
5.6.7 Accuracy . 8
5.6.8 Selectivity . 8
5.6.9 Linearity . 8
5.6.10 Limit of detection (LOD) . 8
5.6.11 Limit of quantification (LOQ) . 9
5.6.12 Range . 10
5.6.13 Robustness . . . 10
6 General laboratory and procedural requirements .11
6.1 Competence . 11
6.2 Sample preparation . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 Obtaining a representative sample . 11
6.2.3 Preparation of the test portion . 11
6.2.4 Nucleic acid extraction .12
6.3 Use of controls .12
6.3.1 General .12
6.3.2 Environmental controls .12
6.3.3 Positive controls .12
6.3.4 Negative controls .12
6.3.5 Extraction controls .12
6.4 Workspace organization .13
6.4.1 General .13
6.4.2 Design of the workspace — Laboratory design .13
6.4.3 Design of non-laboratory workspaces . 13
6.4.4 Personnel . 13
6.4.5 Apparatus and equipment . 14
7 Materials and reagents .14
8 Interpretation of results .14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Interpretation of controls . 14
8.3 Expression of results . 15
8.3.1 General .15
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
8.3.2 Expression of a negative result . 15
8.3.3 Expression of a positive result . 16
8.3.4 Expression of quantitative results . 16
8.3.5 Expression of ambiguous results . . 16
9 Test report .16
Annex A (informative) Minimum information for an isoPCR experiment (MIIPCRE) .18
Annex B (normative) Use of controls .21
Annex C (informative) Examples of isothermal nucleic acid isoPCR amplification results .22
Annex D (informative) Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) .23
Annex E (informative) Rolling circle amplification (RCA).26
Annex F (informative) Helicase dependent amplification (HDA) .27
Annex G (informative) Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) .29
Annex H (informative) Strand displacement amplification (SDA) .31
Annex I (informative) Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) .33
Annex J (informative) Cas9nAR amplification .36
Bibliography .38
iv
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 16,
Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22942 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
Introduction
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification describes methods that use constant temperature polymerase-
[1][2][3][4][5][6]
catalysed reactions to amplify a nucleic acid target sequence . In contrast to thermal-
cycler based polymerase chain reactions, isothermal nucleic acid amplification does not require
variable temperature cycling for denaturation, annealing, and polymerization although, in some cases,
primer binding requires a single high temperature denaturation and an annealing step. Isothermal
amplification methods can be described by the term “isothermal PCR (isoPCR)”.
Naturally, living organisms isothermally replicate DNA during cell division and transcribe RNA
to produce structural, and regulatory components. IsoPCR leverages both natural and synthetic
isothermal enzymatic processes. The enzymes include DNA and RNA polymerase, helicase,
recombinase, exonuclease and nickase. Because isoPCR does not require variable temperature
cycling for denaturation, polymerization and annealing there is no need for precision thermal cycling
instruments. Reactions are run at a single temperature, except in cases where a nickase or displacing
enzyme is not present in the reaction and an initial denaturation is required. In addition, various non-
enzymatic nucleic acid binding proteins can be necessary. IsoPCR amplification in many applications
can be performed on cell lysates without nucleic acid extraction. Some examples of amplification
[7]
strategies are loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) , rolling circle amplification (RCA)
[8] [9] [10]
, helicase dependent amplification (HDA) , recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) , strand
[11] [12]
displacement amplification (SDA) , nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and
[13]
Cas9 nickase-based amplification reaction (Cas9nAR) . The LAMP, RCA, HDA, RPA, SDA and NASBA
strategies can incorporate both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) into amplified
nucleic acids. Cas9nAR can only use DNA as the starting template for amplification.
IsoPCR methods can be used for amplification, detection, identification, quantification, and analysis of
specific low concentration nucleic acids in food and food products. These methods can, in most cases,
amplify nucleic acids from un-purified nucleotide extracts. Detection of the target sequence is achieved
through real-time or end-point techniques using one of several different amplification strategies and
detection chemistries. Detection chemistries include turbidimetry, chromatography, gel electrophoresis
and fluorescence, and can, in some applications, be achieved in a closed lateral flow device system.
Key features of isoPCR methods are constant temperature nucleic acid amplification, use of crude
extracts, simple detection methods, and short reaction times without the need for precision thermal
cycling instruments.
Because isoPCR methods are gaining in popularity and applicability, standardization of the acceptance
criteria for these methods in food products is important.
vi
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
Molecular biomarker analysis — Isothermal polymerase
chain reaction (isoPCR) methods —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies general criteria for development, validation and use of nucleic acid analytical
methods based on the isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR). It provides additional
information and guidance for specific isoPCR technologies.
This document is applicable to food, feed, plant matrices and their propagules, plant pathogens, and
animals in which amplification of a specific biomolecular target sequence is required.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 16393, Molecular biomarker analysis — Determination of the performance characteristics of
qualitative measurement methods and validation of methods
ISO 16577, Molecular biomarker analysis — Vocabulary for molecular biomarker analytical methods in
agriculture and food production
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16577 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
extraction blank control
negative control reaction generated by performing all required steps in an extraction procedure except
for the addition of the test portion
EXAMPLE By substitution of water for the test portion.
Note 1 to entry: This control is used to demonstrate the absence of contamination during extraction.
3.2
extraction control
positive control reaction generated by performing all required steps in an extraction procedure except
with a known test portion containing a known amount of target nucleic acid or tissue
Note 1 to entry: This control is used to demonstrate the performance of the extraction process.
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
3.3
isothermal polymerase chain reaction
isoPCR
isothermal nucleic acid amplification
isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology
isothermal amplification
polymerase chain reaction that polymerizes nucleic acids without thermal cycling (3.10), e.g., at constant
temperature
Note 1 to entry: In some isoPCR applications, nucleic acids are denatured at a higher temperature prior to the
start of the amplification reaction.
Note 2 to entry: Seven isoPCR strategies are described in this document. These strategies can be applied to a
number of different methods consisting of DNA extraction, amplification and detection chemistries.
3.4
isoPCR method
analytical method that applies an isoPCR (3.3) strategy
3.5
non-laboratory field setting
workspace lacking conditions controlled for environmental aerosol contamination and sophisticated
nucleic acid purification apparatus
3.6
nucleotide sequence specificity
capacity to exclusively recognize a specific nucleic acid sequence target to be amplified, distinguishing
it from other nucleic acids and contaminants
3.7
percentage dynamic range
percentage applicability range
percentage range of quantification
ratio as a percentage of upper and lower limits of quantification as expressed by a set of reference
materials (or dilutions) with a suitable level of precision and accuracy
3.8
representative sample
sampling units (samples or groups) that have been extracted from the lot with a process ensuring all
sampling units of the lots have an equal probability of being selected and not altered in any way that
would change the analytical result
Note 1 to entry: The extraction process can be a multi-stage process.
[SOURCE: ISO 22753:2021, 3.15]
3.9
selectivity
extent to which a method can determine particular analyte(s) in a mixture(s) or matrix(matrices)
without interferences from other components of similar behaviour
Note 1 to entry: The selectivity of an isoPCR method (3.4) for RNA or DNA or both can be determined with respect
to inhibitors such as polyamines, polysaccharides and polyphenols, since these interfere with the ability of the
reaction to amplify and disclose a specific target sequence.
Note 2 to entry: Selectivity is differentiated from nucleotide sequence specificity (3.6) which measures the
recognition of the target sequence by the assay at the molecular or taxonomic levels.
2
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
3.10
thermal cycling
thermocycling
process including numerous heating and cooling steps of a pre-determined temperature regime used to
denature, anneal, and elongate nucleic acids in a polymerase chain reaction
4 Principle
Detection of the target sequence is achieved through real-time or end-point techniques that apply
a specific amplification strategy and leverage several different detection chemistries. Detection
chemistries include turbidimetry, chromatography, gel electrophoresis and fluorescence. In some
isoPCR applications, a product can be detected in a closed lateral flow device system or fluorescence
detection instrument.
A general overview for seven examples of isoPCR amplification strategies is provided in Table 1.
Descriptions of each isoPCR strategy, their applications, advantages and disadvantages can be found in
Annexes D to J.
5 Development of an isoPCR method
5.1 General
A DNA or RNA isoPCR method can be used to detect, identify and, as required, quantify an intended
specific nucleic acid target(s). A method consists of:
— a matrix-specific extraction (where required);
— any further purification step(s);
— the enzymatic components and reagents;
— a description of the oligonucleotide primers and probes (labelled and non-labelled) that will be used
(including how the target and oligonucleotide sequences were chosen);
— a description of how the amplified products will be detected;
— a protocol describing the conditions under which the isoPCR method is used including the use of
controls and example calculations.
Guidelines for the minimum information for publication of isoPCR experiments (MIIPCRE) are provided
in Annex A. MIIPCRE are guidelines for the minimum information necessary for evaluating isoPCR
experiments. Annex A is a checklist for laboratories.
5.2 Intended purpose
Information regarding the intended purpose and the limitations of a method shall be provided.
Specifically, the method shall be evaluated for fitness for purpose based on the criteria and requirements
described in this document.
5.3 Scientific basis
An overview of the principles and application of the method shall be provided. Appropriate references
to relevant scientific publications should be included.
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
4
  © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — General overview for seven isoPCR amplification strategies
IsoPCR Target Enzymes Initial Time Amplification Meas- LOD Analyte Detection Equipment needed
strategy nucleic involved heating (h) urement (copies) method(s)
Power Tempera-
acid method(s)
o
ture ( C)
LAMP DNA, RNA Polymerase Yes < 1 Exponen- 60 to 65 Qualitative, ~5 DNA, RNA, Turbidimetry of Visual detection, tur-
tial quantitative Small pyrophosphate, bidimeter (real-time);
molecules fluorescent dye, elec- isothermal fluorom-
trochemistry, eter; electrochemical
single-stranded LAMP microfluidic
nucleotide tag chip, lateral flow
hybridization detection strips or
printed array strip
RCA DNA, RNA Polymerase Yes 1 to 4 Linear 30 to 65 Qualitative, 10 DNA, RNA, Fluorescent tags, Spectrophotometer,
quantitative Protein, fluorometry isothermal
Methylated fluorometer
DNA, Small
molecules,
Cells
HDA DNA, RNA Helicase, No 0,5 to 2 Exponen- 64 Qualitative, 1 DNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis cham-
polymerase tial quantitative Protein immunohistochemis- ber, UV transillumina-
try, fluorescent dyes tor; closed lateral flow
device system, isother-
mal fluorometer
RPA DNA, RNA Recombi- No < 1 Exponen- 37 to 42 Qualitative, 1 DNA, RNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis cham-
nase, tial quantitative Protein immunohistochemis- ber, UV Transillumina-
polymerase try, fluorometry tor; closed lateral flow
device system, isother-
mal fluorometer
SDA DNA, RNA Polymerase, Yes 1 to 2 Exponen- 30 to 55 Qualitative 10 DNA, RNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis cham-
restriction tial small pH indicator dyes; ber, UV transillumina-
enzyme molecules fluorescence tor; visual detection;
spectrophotometer or
isothermal fluorom-
eter
NOTE  Adapted from Reference [19].

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
5
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

Table 1 (continued)
IsoPCR Target Enzymes Initial Time Amplification Meas- LOD Analyte Detection Equipment needed
strategy nucleic involved heating (h) urement (copies) method(s)
Power Tempera-
acid method(s)
o
ture ( C)
NASBA RNA, DNA Reverse No 1 to 3 Exponen- 41 Qualitative, 1 DNA, RNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis
tran- tial quantitative miRNA, fluorescent probes; chamber, UV transil-
scriptase, Protein ELISA, fluorometry luminator; microplate
RNA pol- reader, isothermal
ymerase, fluorometer
RNase H
Cas9nAR DNA Cas9 No Exponen- 37 Qualitative DNA Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis
polymerase tial fluorescent dyes chamber, UV transil-
luminator; isothermal
fluorometer or visual
NOTE  Adapted from Reference [19].

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(E)
5.4 Units of measurement
Qualitative (binary) measurement with isoPCR methods provides a binary result based on a
predetermined probability of detection (POD). Qualitative measurements are used to determine the
presence or absence of molecular biomarkers in food or food products (including seeds and propagules
of food crops). The performance characterization of a qualitative method shall be carried out as
described in ISO/TS 16393.
Quantitative methods determine the amount of the target analyte present in a sample. Quantitative
units of measurement (e.g. target copy number), performance and da
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 22942-1
Première édition
2022-03
Analyse de biomarqueurs
moléculaires — Méthodes de
réaction de polymérisation en chaîne
isotherme (isoPCR) —
Partie 1:
Exigences générales
Molecular biomarker analysis — Isothermal polymerase chain
reaction (isoPCR) methods —
Part 1: General requirements
Numéro de référence
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
© ISO 2022

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2022
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii
  © ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction . vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe. 3
5 Mise au point d’une méthode isoPCR . 3
5.1 Généralités . 3
5.2 Finalité prévue. 4
5.3 Fondement scientifique . . 4
5.4 Unités de mesure . 7
5.5 Validation de la méthode . 7
5.6 Critères de performance . 7
5.6.1 Généralités . 7
5.6.2 Sensibilité . 8
5.6.3 Qualité de l’extrait d’acide nucléique . 8
5.6.4 Applicabilité . 8
5.6.5 Spécificité vis-à-vis de la séquence d’acide nucléique . 8
5.6.6 Fidélité . 8
5.6.7 Exactitude. 9
5.6.8 Sélectivité . 9
5.6.9 Linéarité . 9
5.6.10 Limite de détection (LOD) . 9
5.6.11 Limite de quantification (LOQ) . 10
5.6.12 Gamme . 11
5.6.13 Robustesse . 12
6 Exigences générales du laboratoire et du mode opératoire .12
6.1 Compétence . 12
6.2 Préparation des échantillons . 13
6.2.1 Généralités .13
6.2.2 Obtention d’un échantillon représentatif .13
6.2.3 Préparation de la prise d’essai . 13
6.2.4 Extraction de l’acide nucléique . 13
6.3 Utilisation de témoins . 14
6.3.1 Généralités . 14
6.3.2 Témoins environnementaux . 14
6.3.3 Témoins positifs . 14
6.3.4 Témoins négatifs . 14
6.3.5 Témoins d’extraction . 14
6.4 Organisation de l’espace de travail. 15
6.4.1 Généralités .15
6.4.2 Conception de l’espace de travail — Conception du laboratoire .15
6.4.3 Conception des espaces de travail hors du laboratoire .15
6.4.4 Personnel . 15
6.4.5 Appareillage et équipement . 16
7 Matériaux et réactifs .16
8 Interprétation des résultats .16
8.1 Généralités . 16
8.2 Interprétation des témoins. 16
8.3 Expression des résultats . 17
8.3.1 Généralités . 17
iii
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
8.3.2 Expression d’un résultat négatif . 17
8.3.3 Expression d’un résultat positif . 18
8.3.4 Expression des résultats quantitatifs. 18
8.3.5 Expression des résultats ambigus . 19
9 Rapport d’essai .19
Annexe A (informative) Informations minimales à fournir pour une expérience isoPCR
(MIIPCRE) .20
Annexe B (normative) Utilisation de témoins.23
Annexe C (informative) Exemples de résultats d’amplification isotherme isoPCR d’acide
nucléique .24
Annexe D (informative) LAMP (loop mediated isothermal amplification) .25
Annexe E (informative) RCA (rolling circle amplification) .28
Annexe F (informative) HDA (helicase dependent amplification) .29
Annexe G (informative) RPA (recombinase polymerase amplification) .32
Annexe H (informative) SDA (strand displacement amplification) .34
Annexe I (informative) NASBA (nucleic acid sequence based amplification) .36
Annexe J (informative) Amplification Cas9nAR .40
Bibliographie .42
iv
  © ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 34, Produits alimentaires, sous-
comité SC 16, Méthodes horizontales pour l'analyse moléculaire de biomarqueurs.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 22942 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
v
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
Introduction
L’amplification isotherme d’acide nucléique désigne des méthodes qui utilisent des réactions catalysées
[1][2][3][4][5]
par polymérase à température constante pour amplifier une séquence cible d’acide nucléique
[6]
. Contrairement aux réactions de polymérisation en chaîne reposant sur l’emploi d’un thermocycleur,
l’amplification isotherme d’acide nucléique ne nécessite pas de cycle de variation de la température pour
la dénaturation, l’hybridation et la polymérisation même si, dans certains cas, la liaison de l’amorce
nécessite une dénaturation à une seule température élevée et une étape d’hybridation. Les méthodes
d’amplification isotherme peuvent être désignées par le terme «PCR isotherme (isoPCR)».
Les organismes vivants répliquent naturellement l’ADN lors de la division cellulaire et transcrivent
l’ARN pour produire des éléments structurels et régulateurs de manière isotherme. L’isoPCR s’appuie
sur des processus enzymatiques isothermes aussi bien naturels que synthétiques. L’ADN polymérase,
l’ARN polymérase, l’hélicase, la recombinase, l’exonucléase et la nickase comptent parmi les enzymes
mises en jeu. L’isoPCR ne nécessitant pas de cycle de variation de la température pour la dénaturation,
la polymérisation et l’hybridation, elle ne nécessite pas de thermocycleur de précision. Les réactions
sont menées à une seule température, sauf lorsqu’une nickase ou une enzyme de déplacement n’est
pas présente dans la réaction et qu’une dénaturation initiale est requise. De plus, diverses protéines
de liaison d’acide nucléique non enzymatiques peuvent être nécessaires. L’amplification isoPCR peut
dans bon nombre d’applications être réalisée sur des lysats cellulaires sans extraction de l’acide
[7]
nucléique. La LAMP (de l’anglais, «loop-mediated isothermal amplification ») , la RCA (« rolling circle
[8] [9]
amplification ») , la HDA (« helicase dependent amplification ») , la RPA (« recombinase polymerase
[10] [11]
amplification ») , la SDA (« strand displacement amplification ») , la NASBA (« nucleic acid sequence-
[12] [13]
based amplification ») et la Cas9nAR (« Cas9 nickase-based amplification reaction ») sont
quelques exemples de stratégies d’amplification. Les stratégies LAMP, RCA, HDA, RPA, SDA et NASBA
peuvent intégrer aussi bien de l’acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN) que de l’acide ribonucléique (ARN)
dans les acides nucléiques amplifiés. La Cas9nAR n’utilise que de l’ADN comme matrice de départ pour
l’amplification.
Les méthodes isoPCR peuvent être utilisées pour l’amplification, la détection, l’identification,
la quantification et l’analyse d’acides nucléiques spécifiques en faible concentration dans les aliments
et les produits alimentaires. Ces méthodes peuvent, dans la plupart des cas, amplifier des acides
nucléiques d’extraits nucléotidiques non purifiés. La détection de la séquence cible est réalisée
au moyen de techniques en temps réel ou au point final utilisant l’une des différentes stratégies
d’amplification et différentes chimies de détection. Les chimies de détection incluent la turbidimétrie,
la chromatographie, l’électrophorèse sur gel et la fluorescence, et peuvent, dans certaines applications,
être réalisées dans un système de dispositif à débit latéral fermé.
Les caractéristiques clés des méthodes isoPCR sont l’amplification d’acide nucléique à température
constante, l’utilisation d’extraits bruts, des méthodes de détection simples, et des temps de réaction
courts sans nécessiter de thermocycleur de précision.
Les méthodes isoPCR gagnant en popularité et ayant une applicabilité de plus en plus diversifiée, il est
important de normaliser les critères d’acceptation de ces méthodes pour les produits alimentaires.
vi
  © ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
Analyse de biomarqueurs moléculaires — Méthodes
de réaction de polymérisation en chaîne isotherme
(isoPCR) —
Partie 1:
Exigences générales
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie des critères généraux pour la mise au point, la validation et l’utilisation
de méthodes d’analyse d’acide nucléique fondées sur la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne isotherme
(isoPCR). Il délivre des informations supplémentaires et des recommandations pour des technologies
isoPCR particulières.
Le présent document est applicable aux aliments, aux aliments pour animaux, aux matrices végétales
et à leurs propagules, aux agents phytopathogènes, et aux animaux pour lesquels une amplification
d’une séquence biomoléculaire cible spécifique est requise.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO/TS 16393, Analyse de biomarqueurs moléculaires — Détermination des caractéristiques de
performance des méthodes de mesure qualitatives et validation des méthodes
ISO 16577, Analyse de biomarqueurs moléculaires — Vocabulaire pour les méthodes d’analyse de
biomarqueurs moléculaires dans l’agriculture et la production agroalimentaire
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et les définitions de l'ISO 16577 ainsi que les suivants
s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
témoin négatif d’extraction
témoin négatif obtenu après avoir effectué toutes les étapes requises d’un mode opératoire d’extraction
ne comprenant toutefois pas l’ajout de la prise d’essai
EXEMPLE En remplaçant la prise d’essai par de l’eau.
Note 1 à l'article: Ce témoin permet de démontrer l’absence de contamination durant l’extraction.
1
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
3.2
témoin d’extraction
témoin positif obtenu après avoir effectué toutes les étapes requises d’un mode opératoire d’extraction
sur une prise d’essai toutefois connue dont la quantité d’acide nucléique ou de tissu cible est connue
Note 1 à l'article: Ce témoin permet de démontrer la performance du processus d’extraction.
3.3
réaction de polymérisation en chaîne isotherme
isoPCR
amplification isotherme d’acide nucléique
technologie d’amplification isotherme d’acide nucléique
amplification isotherme
réaction de polymérisation en chaîne qui polymérise des acides nucléiques sans cycle thermique (3.10),
par exemple à température constante
Note 1 à l'article: Dans certaines applications isoPCR, les acides nucléiques sont dénaturés à une température
plus élevée avant de commencer la réaction d’amplification.
Note 2 à l'article: Sept stratégies isoPCR sont décrites dans le présent document. Ces stratégies peuvent être
appliquées à un certain nombre de méthodes différentes intégrant une extraction d’ADN, une amplification et des
chimies de détection.
3.4
méthode isoPCR
méthode d’analyse qui applique une stratégie isoPCR (3.3)
3.5
conditions de terrain hors du laboratoire
espace de travail ne bénéficiant ni de conditions maîtrisées concernant la contamination par un aérosol
environnemental, ni d’un appareillage sophistiqué de purification de l’acide nucléique
3.6
spécificité vis-à-vis d’une séquence nucléotidique
aptitude à ne reconnaître exclusivement qu’une séquence cible d’acide nucléique à amplifier, en la
différenciant des autres acides nucléiques et contaminants
3.7
gamme dynamique de pourcentage
gamme d’applicabilité de pourcentage
domaine de quantification de pourcentage
rapport exprimé sous la forme d’un pourcentage des limites supérieure et inférieure de quantification
présentées par un groupe de matériaux (ou dilutions) de référence avec un niveau approprié de fidélité
et d’exactitude
3.8
échantillon représentatif
unités d’échantillonnage (échantillons ou groupes) qui ont été extraites du lot au moyen d’un processus
garantissant que toutes les unités d’échantillonnage ont les mêmes chances d’être sélectionnées et n’ont
pas été modifiées au point de fausser le résultat d’analyse
Note 1 à l'article: Le processus d’extraction peut être un processus à multiples étapes.
[SOURCE: ISO 22753:2021, 3.15]
2
  © ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
3.9
sélectivité
limite jusqu’à laquelle une méthode peut déterminer la présence d’un ou plusieurs analytes particuliers
en mélange ou dans une ou plusieurs matrices sans interférences d’autres composants de comportement
similaire
Note 1 à l'article: La sélectivité d’une méthode isoPCR (3.4) destinée à l’ARN ou à l’ADN ou aux deux peut être
déterminée par rapport à des inhibiteurs tels que les polyamines, les polysaccharides et les polyphénols, car
ceux-ci interfèrent sur l’aptitude de la réaction à amplifier et déceler une séquence cible spécifique.
Note 2 à l'article: Il est nécessaire de bien faire la distinction entre sélectivité et spécificité vis-à-vis d’une séquence
nucléotidique (3.6), la spécificité caractérisant le degré de reconnaissance de la séquence cible par l’analyse aux
niveaux moléculaires ou taxonomiques.
3.10
cycle thermique
thermocycle
processus incluant de nombreuses étapes de chauffage et de refroidissement d’un programme de
température prédéterminé utilisé pour dénaturer, hybrider et allonger des acides nucléiques dans une
réaction de polymérisation en chaîne
4 Principe
La détection de la séquence cible est réalisée au moyen de techniques en temps réel ou au point final
qui appliquent une stratégie d’amplification donnée et s’appuient sur différentes chimies de détection.
Les chimies de détection incluent la turbidimétrie, la chromatographie, l’électrophorèse sur gel et la
fluorescence. Dans certaines applications isoPCR, un produit peut être détecté dans un système de
dispositif à débit latéral fermé ou dans un instrument de détection de fluorescence.
Une vue d’ensemble de sept exemples de stratégies d’amplification isoPCR est donnée dans le Tableau 1.
Les Annexes D à J fournissent une description et précisent les domaines d’application, les avantages et
les inconvénients de chaque stratégie isoPCR.
5 Mise au point d’une méthode isoPCR
5.1 Généralités
Une méthode isoPCR sur ADN ou ARN peut être utilisée pour détecter, identifier et, si besoin, quantifier
un ou plusieurs acides nucléiques cibles spécifiques voulus. Une méthode comprend:
— une extraction propre à la matrice (si besoin);
— une ou plusieurs éventuelles étapes de purification complémentaire;
— les constituants enzymatiques et réactifs;
— une description des amorces et sondes oligonucléotidiques (marquées et non marquées) qui seront
utilisées (notamment la façon dont les séquences oligonucléotidiques et cibles ont été choisies);
— une description de la méthode de détection des produits amplifiés;
— un protocole décrivant les conditions selon lesquelles la méthode isoPCR est utilisée notamment
l’utilisation de témoins et des exemples de calcul.
Un cadre directeur pour les informations minimales à fournir en vue d’une publication d’expériences
isoPCR (MIIPCRE, de l’anglais «minimum information for publication of isoPCR experiments ») est donné
à l’Annexe A. Le MIIPCRE constitue un cadre directeur pour les informations minimales nécessaires
à l’évaluation des expériences isoPCR. L’Annexe A est une liste de points de contrôle destinée aux
laboratoires.
3
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
5.2 Finalité prévue
Des informations concernant la finalité prévue et les limites d’une méthode doivent être fournies.
L’adéquation de la méthode quant à la finalité doit notamment être évaluée sur la base des critères et
exigences spécifiés dans le présent document.
5.3 Fondement scientifique
Une vue d’ensemble des principes et de l’application de la méthode doit être fournie. Il convient d’inclure
des références appropriées à des publications scientifiques pertinentes.
4
  © ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 22942-1:2022(F)
5
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés

Tableau 1 — Vue d’ensemble générale des sept stratégies d’amplification isoPCR
Stra- Acide nu- Enzymes Chauf- Durée Amplification Méthode(s) LOD Analyte Méthode(s) de Matériel nécessaire
tégie cléique impliquées fage (h) de mesure (co- détection
Type Tempéra-
isoPCR cible initial pies)
ture (°C)
LAMP ADN, Polymérase Oui < 1 Exponen- 60 à 65 Qualita- ~5 ADN, Turbidimétrie de Détection visuelle, turbi-
ARN tielle tive, quan- ARN, pyrophosphate, dimètre (en temps réel);
titative petites marqueur fluores- fluorimètre isot
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22942-1
ISO/TC 34/SC 16
Molecular biomarker analysis —
Secretariat: ANSI
Isothermal polymerase chain reaction
Voting begins on:
2021-12-24 (isoPCR) methods —
Voting terminates on:
Part 1:
2022-02-18
General requirements
Analyse de biomarqueurs moléculaires — Méthodes de réaction de
polymérisation en chaîne isotherme (isoPCR) —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2021

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Development of an isoPCR method . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Intended purpose . 3
5.3 Scientific basis . 3
5.4 Units of measurement . 6
5.5 Method validation . 6
5.5.1 General . 6
5.6 Performance criteria . 6
5.6.1 General . 6
5.6.2 Sensitivity . 7
5.6.3 Nucleic acid extract quality . 7
5.6.4 Applicability . 7
5.6.5 Nucleic acid sequence specificity . 7
5.6.6 Precision . 7
5.6.7 Accuracy . 8
5.6.8 Selectivity . 8
5.6.9 Linearity . 8
5.6.10 Limit of detection (LOD) . 8
5.6.11 Limit of quantification (LOQ) . 9
5.6.12 Range . 10
5.6.13 Robustness . . . 11
6 General laboratory and procedural requirements .11
6.1 Competence . 11
6.2 Sample preparation . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 Obtaining a representative sample . 11
6.2.3 Preparation of the test portion .12
6.2.4 Nucleic acid extraction .12
6.3 Use of controls .12
6.3.1 General .12
6.3.2 Environmental controls .12
6.3.3 Positive controls . 12
6.3.4 Negative controls .12
6.3.5 Extraction controls . 13
6.4 Workspace organization .13
6.4.1 General .13
6.4.2 Design of the workspace — Laboratory design .13
6.4.3 Design of non-laboratory workspaces . 13
6.4.4 Personnel . 14
6.4.5 Apparatus and equipment . 14
7 Materials and reagents .14
8 Interpretation of results .14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Interpretation of controls . 14
8.3 Expression of results . 15
iii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
8.3.1 General .15
8.3.2 Expression of a negative result . 15
8.3.3 Expression of a positive result . 16
8.3.4 Expression of quantitative results . 16
8.3.5 Expression of ambiguous results . 16
9 Test report .17
Annex A (informative) Minimum information for an isoPCR experiment (MIIPCRE) .18
Annex B (normative) Use of controls .21
Annex C (informative) Examples of isothermal nucleic acid isoPCR amplification results .22
Annex D (informative) Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) .23
Annex E (informative) Rolling circle amplification (RCA).26
Annex F (informative) Helicase dependent amplification (HDA) .27
Annex G (informative) Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) .29
Annex H (informative) Strand displacement amplification (SDA) .31
Annex I (informative) Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) .33
Annex J (informative) Cas9nAR amplification .36
Bibliography .38
iv
  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 16,
Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22942 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
Introduction
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification describes methods that use constant temperature polymerase-
[1][2][3][4][5][6]
catalysed reactions to amplify a nucleic acid target sequence . In contrast to thermal-
cycler based polymerase chain reactions, isothermal nucleic acid amplification does not require
variable temperature cycling for denaturation, annealing, and polymerization although, in some cases,
primer binding requires a single high temperature denaturation and an annealing step. Isothermal
amplification methods can be described by the term “isothermal PCR (isoPCR)”.
Naturally, living organisms isothermally replicate DNA during cell division and transcribe RNA
to produce structural, and regulatory components. IsoPCR leverages both natural and synthetic
isothermal enzymatic processes. The enzymes include DNA and RNA polymerase, helicase,
recombinase, exonuclease and nickase. Because isoPCR does not require variable temperature
cycling for denaturation, polymerization and annealing there is no need for precision thermal cycling
instruments. Reactions are run at a single temperature, except in cases where a nickase or displacing
enzyme is not present in the reaction and an initial denaturation is required. In addition, various non-
enzymatic nucleic acid binding proteins can be necessary. IsoPCR amplification in many applications
can be performed on cell lysates without nucleic acid extraction. Some examples of amplification
[7]
strategies are loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) , rolling circle amplification (RCA)
[8] [9] [10]
, helicase dependent amplification (HDA) , recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) , strand
[11] [12]
displacement amplification (SDA) , nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and
[13]
Cas9 nickase-based amplification reaction (Cas9nAR) . The LAMP, RCA, HDA, RPA, SDA and NASBA
strategies can incorporate both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) into amplified
nucleic acids. Cas9nAR can only use DNA as the starting template for amplification.
IsoPCR methods can be used for amplification, detection, identification, quantification, and analysis of
specific low concentration nucleic acids in food and food products. These methods can, in most cases,
amplify nucleic acids from un-purified nucleotide extracts. Detection of the target sequence is achieved
through real-time or end-point techniques using one of several different amplification strategies and
detection chemistries. Detection chemistries include turbidimetry, chromatography, gel electrophoresis
and fluorescence, and can, in some applications, be achieved in a closed lateral flow device system.
Key features of isoPCR methods are constant temperature nucleic acid amplification, use of crude
extracts, simple detection methods, and short reaction times without the need for precision thermal
cycling instruments.
Because isoPCR methods are gaining in popularity and applicability, standardization of the acceptance
criteria for these methods in food products is important.
vi
  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
Molecular biomarker analysis — Isothermal polymerase
chain reaction (isoPCR) methods —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies general criteria for development, validation and use of nucleic acid analytical
methods based on the isothermal polymerase chain reaction (isoPCR). It provides additional
information and guidance for specific isoPCR technologies.
This document is applicable to food, feed, plant matrices and their propagules, plant pathogens, and
animals in which amplification of a specific biomolecular target sequence is required.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 16393, Molecular biomarker analysis — Determination of the performance characteristics of
qualitative measurement methods and validation of methods
ISO 16577, Molecular biomarker analysis — Vocabulary for molecular biomarker analytical methods in
agriculture and food production
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16577 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
extraction blank control
negative control reaction generated by performing all required steps in an extraction procedure except
for the addition of the test portion
EXAMPLE By substitution of water for the test portion.
Note 1 to entry: This control is used to demonstrate the absence of contamination during extraction.
3.2
extraction control
positive control reaction generated by performing all required steps in an extraction procedure except
with a known test portion containing a known amount of target nucleic acid or tissue
Note 1 to entry: This control is used to demonstrate the performance of the extraction process.
1
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
3.3
isothermal polymerase chain reaction
isoPCR
isothermal nucleic acid amplification
isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology
isothermal amplification
polymerase chain reaction that polymerizes nucleic acids without thermal cycling (3.10), e.g., at constant
temperature
Note 1 to entry: In some isoPCR applications, nucleic acids are denatured at a higher temperature prior to the
start of the amplification reaction.
Note 2 to entry: Seven isoPCR strategies are described in this document. These strategies can be applied to a
number of different methods consisting of DNA extraction, amplification and detection chemistries.
3.4
isoPCR method
analytical method that applies an isoPCR (3.3) strategy
3.5
non-laboratory field setting
workspace lacking conditions controlled for environmental aerosol contamination and sophisticated
nucleic acid purification apparatus
3.6
nucleotide sequence specificity
capacity to exclusively recognize a specific nucleic acid sequence target to be amplified, distinguishing
it from other nucleic acids and contaminants
3.7
percentage dynamic range
percentage applicability range
percentage range of quantification
ratio as a percentage of upper and lower limits of quantification as expressed by a set of reference
materials (or dilutions) with a suitable level of precision and accuracy
3.8
representative sample
sampling units (samples or groups) that have been extracted from the lot with a process ensuring all
sampling units of the lots have an equal probability of being selected and not altered in any way that
would change the analytical result
Note 1 to entry: The extraction process can be a multi-stage process.
[SOURCE: ISO 22753:2021, 3.15]
3.9
selectivity
extent to which a method can determine particular analyte(s) in a mixture(s) or matrix(matrices)
without interferences from other components of similar behaviour
Note 1 to entry: The selectivity of an isoPCR method (3.4) for RNA or DNA or both can be determined with respect
to inhibitors such as polyamines, polysaccharides and polyphenols, since these interfere with the ability of the
reaction to amplify and disclose a specific target sequence.
Note 2 to entry: Selectivity is differentiated from nucleotide sequence specificity (3.6) which measures the
recognition of the target sequence by the assay at the molecular or taxonomic levels.
2
  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
3.10
thermal cycling
thermocycling
process including numerous heating and cooling steps of a pre-determined temperature regime used to
denature, anneal, and elongate nucleic acids in a polymerase chain reaction
4 Principle
Detection of the target sequence is achieved through real-time or end-point techniques that apply
a specific amplification strategy and leverage several different detection chemistries. Detection
chemistries include turbidimetry, chromatography, gel electrophoresis and fluorescence. In some
isoPCR applications, a product can be detected in a closed lateral flow device system or fluorescence
detection instrument.
A general overview for seven examples of isoPCR amplification strategies is provided in Table 1.
Descriptions of each isoPCR strategy, their applications, advantages and disadvantages can be found in
Annexes D to J.
5 Development of an isoPCR method
5.1 General
A DNA or RNA isoPCR method can be used to detect, identify and, as required, quantify an intended
specific nucleic acid target(s). A method consists of:
— a matrix-specific extraction (where required);
— any further purification step(s);
— the enzymatic components and reagents;
— a description of the oligonucleotide primers and probes (labelled and non-labelled) that will be used
(including how the target and oligonucleotide sequences were chosen);
— a description of how the amplified products will be detected;
— a protocol describing the conditions under which the isoPCR method is used including the use of
controls and example calculations.
Guidelines for the minimum information for publication of isoPCR experiments (MIIPCRE) are provided
in Annex A. MIIPCRE are guidelines for the minimum information necessary for evaluating isoPCR
experiments. Annex A is a checklist for laboratories.
5.2 Intended purpose
Information regarding the intended purpose and the limitations of a method shall be provided.
Specifically, the method shall be evaluated for fitness for purpose based on the criteria and requirements
described in this document.
5.3 Scientific basis
An overview of the principles and application of the method shall be provided. Appropriate references
to relevant scientific publications should be included.
3
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
4
  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — General overview for seven isoPCR amplification strategies
IsoPCR Target Enzymes Initial Time Amplification Meas- LOD Analyte Detection Equipment needed
strategy nucleic involved heating (h) urement (copies) method(s)
Power Tempera-
acid method(s)
o
ture ( C)
LAMP DNA, RNA Polymerase Yes < 1 Exponen- 60 to 65 Qualitative, ~5 DNA, RNA, Turbidimetry of Visual detection, tur-
tial quantitative Small pyrophosphate, bidimeter (real-time);
molecules fluorescent dye, elec- isothermal fluorom-
trochemistry, eter; electrochemical
single-stranded LAMP microfluidic
nucleotide tag chip, lateral flow
hybridization detection strips or
printed array strip
RCA DNA, RNA Polymerase Yes 1 to 4 Linear 30 to 65 Qualitative, 10 DNA, RNA, Fluorescent tags, Spectrophotometer,
quantitative Protein, fluorometry isothermal
Methylated fluorometer
DNA, Small
molecules,
Cells
HDA DNA, RNA Helicase, No 0,5 to 2 Exponen- 64 Qualitative, 1 DNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis cham-
polymerase tial quantitative Protein immunohistochemis- ber, UV transillumina-
try, fluorescent dyes tor; closed lateral flow
device system, isother-
mal fluorometer
RPA DNA, RNA Recombi- No < 1 Exponen- 37 to 42 Qualitative, 1 DNA, RNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis cham-
nase, tial quantitative Protein immunohistochemis- ber, UV Transillumina-
polymerase try, fluorometry tor; closed lateral flow
device system, isother-
mal fluorometer
SDA DNA, RNA Polymerase, Yes 1 to 2 Exponen- 30 to 55 Qualitative 10 DNA, RNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis cham-
restriction tial small pH indicator dyes; ber, UV transillumina-
enzyme molecules fluorescence tor; visual detection;
spectrophotometer or
isothermal fluorom-
eter
NOTE  Adapted from Reference [19].

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22942-1:2021(E)
5
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Table 1 (continued)
IsoPCR Target Enzymes Initial Time Amplification Meas- LOD Analyte Detection Equipment needed
strategy nucleic involved heating (h) urement (copies) method(s)
Power Tempera-
acid method(s)
o
ture ( C)
NASBA RNA, DNA Reverse No 1 to 3 Exponen- 41 Qualitative, 1 DNA, RNA, Gel electrophoresis; Electrophoresis
tran- tial quantitative miRNA, fluorescent probes; chamber, UV transil-
scriptase, Protein ELISA, fluorometry luminator; microplate
RNA pol- reader, isothermal
ymerase, fluorometer
RNase H
Cas9nAR DNA Cas9 No Exponen- 37 Qualitative DNA Gel electroph
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.