ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011
(Main)Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 1: Framework
Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 1: Framework
ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011 describes the general aspects and requirements for defining biometric data interchange formats. The notation and transfer formats provide platform independence and separation of transfer syntax from content definition. ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011 defines what is commonly applied for biometric data formats, i.e. the standardization of the common content, meaning, and representation of biometric data formats of biometric types considered in the specific parts of ISO/IEC 19794.
Technologies de l'information — Formats d'échange de données biométriques — Partie 1: Cadre
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19794-1
Second edition
2011-07-15
Information technology — Biometric data
interchange formats —
Part 1:
Framework
Technologies de l'information — Formats d'échange de données
biométriques —
Partie 1: Cadre
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2011
© ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Abbreviated terms .8
5 General biometric system.8
5.1 Conceptual diagram of general biometric system.8
5.2 Conceptual components of a general biometric system .9
5.3 Functions of general biometric system .11
6 Usage context of biometric data interchange formats .13
7 General aspects of the usage of biometric data for interchange.13
7.1 Introduction.13
7.2 Natural variability .13
7.3 Aging and usage duration .13
7.4 Enrolment conditions.13
7.5 Feature extraction algorithms.13
7.6 Feature comparison algorithms.13
8 Processing level of data formats for interchange.14
8.1 Processing levels according to ISO/IEC 19785-1.14
8.2 Captured biometric sample .14
8.3 Image data.14
8.4 Behavioural data.15
8.5 Feature data .15
8.6 Naming conventions for biometric data formats .15
8.7 Recommendations for standardizing biometric data formats.15
9 Multibiometrics .16
10 Capture device requirements.16
11 Format owner and format types.16
11.1 Relationship to CBEFF.16
11.2 BDB format owner .17
11.3 BDB format types .17
12 Coding scheme for format types .18
12.1 Structure of data records.18
12.2 Common elements for the general header .18
12.3 Common elements for the representation headers .19
Annex A (informative) Examples of comparison scenarios .25
Bibliography.27
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 19794-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-1:2006), Clause 11 of which has
been technically revised. In addition, Clause 3 now includes definitions that are used in multiple parts of
ISO/IEC 19794, and Clause 12 has been added to describe general and representation headers that are
harmonized across all parts of ISO/IEC 19794.
ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Biometric data
interchange formats:
⎯ Part 1: Framework
⎯ Part 2: Finger minutiae data
⎯ Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data
⎯ Part 4: Finger image data
⎯ Part 5: Face image data
⎯ Part 6: Iris image data
⎯ Part 7: Signature/sign time series data
⎯ Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data
⎯ Part 9: Vascular image data
⎯ Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data
⎯ Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data
⎯ Part 13: Voice data
⎯ Part 14: DNA data
iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 19794 defines what is commonly applied for biometric data formats, i.e. the
standardization of the common content, meaning, and representation of biometric data formats of biometric
modalities considered in the specific parts of ISO/IEC 19794.
Each part of ISO/IEC 19794 can reference text and concepts from documents published by national,
international, or industry organizations. Documents from approved reference specification originator (ARO)
organizations as defined by JTC 1 will be referenced by citation. Documents from non-ARO organizations can
be copied to an annex.
ISO/IEC 19794 is one of a family of International Standards being developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 that
support interoperability and data interchange among biometric applications and systems. This family of
standards specifies requirements that solve the complexities of applying biometrics to a wide variety of
person-recognition applications, whether such applications operate in an open systems environment or
consist of a single, closed system. Open systems are built on standards-based, publicly defined data formats,
interfaces, and protocols to facilitate data interchange and interoperability with other systems, which can
include components of different design or manufacture. A closed system can also be built on publicly defined
standards, and can include components of different design or manufacture, but inherently has no requirement
for data interchange and interoperability with any other system.
Biometric data interchange format standards and biometric interface standards are both necessary to achieve
full data interchange and interoperability for biometric recognition in an open systems environment. The
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 biometric standards family includes a layered set of standards consisting of biometric
data interchange formats and biometric interfaces, as well as biometric profiles that describe the use of these
standards in specific application areas.
Figure 1 shows the interrelation of biometric-related areas of standardization. Biometric data complying with a
biometric data interchange format of ISO/IEC 19794 represents the core component of biometric
interoperability. Biometric formats frameworks such as ISO/IEC 19785 (CBEFF) can be used and serve as a
wrapper around biometric data. Since biometric data are sensitive data and subject to attack, cryptographic
protection is required in interchange environments. Biometric properties with respect to profiles, security
evaluation and performance evaluation also play an important role. Biometric interfaces are essential to
facilitate easy integration and usage of biometric components. The emerging harmonized vocabulary is
recommended for use in describing biometric technology. The deployment of applications using biometric
verification or identification takes place within the context of societal and cross-jurisdictional requirements.
The biometric data interchange format standards specify biometric data interchange formats for different
biometric modalities. Parties that agree on a biometric data interchange format specified in ISO/IEC 19794
should be able to decode each other’s biometric data.
The biometric interface standards include ISO/IEC 19785, Information technology — Common Biometric
Exchange Formats Framework and ISO/IEC 19784, Information technology — Biometric application
programming interface (BioAPI). These standards support exchange of biometric data within a system or
among systems. ISO/IEC 19785 specifies the basic structure of a standardized Biometric Information Record
(BIR), which includes the biometric data interchange record with added metadata such as when it was
captured, its expiry date, whether it is encrypted, etc. ISO/IEC 19784 specifies an open system API that
supports communications between software applications and underlying biometric technology services.
The biometric profile standards facilitate implementations of the base standards (e.g. the ISO/IEC JTC 1/
SC 37 biometric data interchange format and biometric interface standards, and possibly non-biometric
standards) for defined applications. These profile standards define the functions of an application
(e.g. physical access control for employees at airports) and then specify use of options in the base standards
to ensure biometric interoperability.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved v
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Figure 1 — General interrelation model of biometric issues
vi © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E)
Information technology — Biometric data interchange
formats —
Part 1:
Framework
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies
⎯ general aspects for the usage of biometric data records,
⎯ the processing levels and types of biometric data structures,
⎯ a n
...
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