ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021
(Main)Identification cards — ICC-managed devices — Part 2: Physical characteristics and test methods for cards with devices
Identification cards — ICC-managed devices — Part 2: Physical characteristics and test methods for cards with devices
This document defines physical characteristics and test methods for cards with devices, including but not limited to, power supplying devices, displays, sensors, microphones, loudspeakers, buttons or keypads. This document also covers aspects of coexistence of technologies of devices on the card and other machine-readable card technologies. Additional requirements related to biometric capture devices are defined in ISO/IEC 17839-2. Such requirements can be applied in addition to the ones defined in this document. ISO/IEC 17839-2 defines a type S2 card; the physical dimensions of the type S2 card are specified in Annex A.
Cartes d'identification — Dispositifs contrôlés par carte à circuit intégré (ICC) — Partie 2: Caractéristiques physiques et méthodes d'essai des cartes avec les dispositifs
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18328-2
Second edition
2021-11
Identification cards — ICC-managed
devices —
Part 2:
Physical characteristics and test
methods for cards with devices
Cartes d'identification — Dispositifs contrôlés par carte à circuit
intégré (ICC) —
Partie 2: Caractéristiques physiques et méthodes d'essai des cartes
avec les dispositifs
Reference number
ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
© ISO/IEC 2021
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Abbreviated terms .2
5 Requirements .2
5.1 General requirements . 2
5.1.1 Integrated circuit cards (ICCs) . 2
5.1.2 ICCs with contacts . 3
5.1.3 Contactless ICCs . 3
5.2 Requirements for ICCs containing displays . 3
5.2.1 General requirements . 3
5.2.2 Requirements for matrix displays . 3
5.2.3 Requirements for segmented displays . 3
5.3 Requirements for cards containing biometric capture devices . 3
Annex A (normative) ID-T size card .4
Annex B (normative) ID-B size card .6
Annex C (informative) Applicability of ISO/IEC 10373-1 test methods for ID-T and ID-B size
cards .8
Annex D (informative) Further test methods .9
Annex E (informative) Coexistence of new devices with existing technologies .17
Annex F (informative) Display and input element technologies .23
Bibliography .25
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and security devices for personal identification.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18328-2:2015), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— updated Annex A and changed status to normative: ID-T size card;
— added a new normative Annex B: ID-B size card;
— added a new informative Annex C: Applicability of ISO/IEC 10373-1 test methods for ID-T and ID-B
size cards;
— added a new informative Annex D: Further test methods.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18328 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Identification cards — ICC-managed devices —
Part 2:
Physical characteristics and test methods for cards with
devices
1 Scope
This document defines physical characteristics and test methods for cards with devices, including
but not limited to, power supplying devices, displays, sensors, microphones, loudspeakers, buttons or
keypads. This document also covers aspects of coexistence of technologies of devices on the card and
other machine-readable card technologies.
Additional requirements related to biometric capture devices are defined in ISO/IEC 17839-2. Such
requirements can be applied in addition to the ones defined in this document. ISO/IEC 17839-2 defines
a type S2 card; the physical dimensions of the type S2 card are specified in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 7810, Identification cards — Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 7816-1, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 1: Cards with contacts — Physical
characteristics
ISO/IEC 10373-1, Cards and security devices for personal identification — Test methods — Part 1: General
characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443-1, Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects —
Part 1: Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 18328-1, Identification cards — ICC-managed devices — Part 1: General framework
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2018, Test methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated
devices — Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 7810, ISO/IEC 18328-1
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
active display area
area of the display that has active dots or segments
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
3.2
ID-B
nominally 85,60 mm (3.370 in) wide by 53,98 mm (2.125 in) high with a thickness between 0,84 mm
and 2,25 mm (between 0.033 in and 0.089 in)
3.3
ID-T
nominally 85,60 mm (3.370 in) wide by 53,98 mm (2.125 in) high with a thickness between 2,25 mm
and 3,25 mm (between 0.089 in and 0.128 in)
3.4
machine-readable zone
MRZ
fixed dimensional area located on an identity card, containing mandatory and optional data formatted
for machine reading using optical character recognition (OCR) methods
3.5
new device
device to be integrated in the card, except for existing technology, e.g. displays, sensors, microphones,
loudspeaker, buttons and keypads
3.6
total display area
total area of the ICC related to the display
Note 1 to entry: The total display area typically extends beyond the active display area (3.1).
3.7
zone 1
total display area (3.6) excluding the active display area (3.1)
3.8
zone 2
active display area (3.1)
4 Abbreviated terms
ICC integrated circuit card
LED light-emitting diode
MSA mechanically sensitive area
OLED organic light-emitting diode
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Integrated circuit cards (ICCs)
ICCs with integrated devices shall be in accordance with the requirements defined for ID-1 cards
as specified in ISO/IEC 7810. Note that for ID-T cards the requirements specified differently from
ISO/IEC 7810 in Annex A and for ID-B cards the requirements specified differently from ISO/IEC 7810
in Annex B shall apply. Annex C summarizes the applicability of test methods for characteristics of
identification cards specified in ISO/IEC 10373-1 for ID-T and ID-B size cards.
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex D provides additional test methods for ICCs with integrated devices employed by various card
industry experts, based upon field experience for specific applications and card technologies.
Guidance about the co-existence of different technologies on such cards is given in Annex E. A
description of different display and input element technologies is provided in Annex F.
5.1.2 ICCs with contacts
ICCs with contacts shall in addition meet the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 7816-1.
5.1.3 Contactless ICCs
Contactless ICCs shall in addition meet the requirement specified in ISO/IEC 14443-1. Note that for
ID-T cards the requirements specified differently from ISO/IEC 7810 in Annex A and for ID-B cards the
requirements specified differently from ISO/IEC 7810 in Annex B shall apply.
5.2 Requirements for ICCs containing displays
5.2.1 General requirements
The requirements specified in 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 apply to ICCs containing electronic displays.
NOTE 1 The requirements described in this document are preliminary. The detailed requirements for ICCs
containing electronic displays depend on the specific use-case.
NOTE 2 Readability and contrast: An observer's ability to perceive the information from an electronic display
depends on two major factors. These are (a) size and font of the displayed information in relationship to the
viewing position and (b) the optical contrast of the displayed information to the surrounding environment.
Optical contrast is the comparison of the brightness or sterance of the display to the brightness of the surrounding
environment. High readability results by optimizing specific contrast ratios.
5.2.2 Requirements for matrix displays
In addition to the test requirements in 5.2.1, for ICCs with matrix displays, it is required that not less
than a defined percentage of all pixels remain functional after the test, as specified by the application.
5.2.3 Requirements for segmented displays
In addition to the test requirements in 5.2.1, for ICCs with segmented displays, no segment failure (dead
segment) is allowed, i.e. after the test all segments should be working in both directions from white to
black and from black to white.
— Dead spots in zone 1 (i.e. outside the active display area) can be accepted.
— Dead spots in zone 2 (i.e. within the active display area) can be accepted if their size and number are
lower than values specified by the application.
5.3 Requirements for cards containing biometric capture devices
ICCs that embed a biometric capture device can be required to conform to requirements in
ISO/IEC 17839-2, in addition to the mandatory requirements of this document. Annex A and Annex B
specify the physical characteristics of two alternative card sizes.
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex A
(normative)
ID-T size card
A.1 General
ID-T size cards are the same length and width as a normal ID-1 size card but are thicker. The additional
thickness typically is used to accommodate electronic card components used for biometric capture
devices. This card format is intended to accommodate certain restrictions of the current manufacturing
technology.
ID-T size cards are not intended for use with any type of insertion reader typically used with an ID-1
size card such as for magnetic stripes or ICC contact readers. ID-T size cards typically only support
contactless interfaces as specified in ISO/IEC 14443-1.
This annex specifies physical characteristics for a thicker card if it is used.
A.2 Conformance
ID-T size cards shall meet all requirements given in ISO/IEC 7810 for ID-1 size cards except as noted in
this annex.
NOTE Dynamic bending stress and dynamic torsional stress in ISO/IEC 10373-1 apply only to ID-T size cards
complying with ISO/IEC 7810 bending stiffness of ID-1 size cards, see also Annex C.
A.3 Dimensions
— Dimensions a, b and c (see Figure A.1) shall be as defined for an ID-1 size card, however, with an
extended tolerance of ±0,5 mm, i.e. dimension a shall be between 85,10 mm and 86,10 mm and
dimension b shall be between 53,48 mm and 54,48 mm.
— Dimension d shall be between 2,25 mm (0.089 in) and 3,25 mm (0.128 in).
— Dimension e (optional radius all around the perimeter of the card).
— Edge burrs shall not exceed 0,08 mm (0.003 in) above the card surface.
The addition of an optional 0,3 mm ± 0,1 mm radius, e, is recommended. Adding such a radius will make
it easier to slide this thicker card into a wallet card holder.
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 top reference edge
2 left edge
Figure A.1 — ID-T size card dimensions
A.4 Bending stiffness
The bending stiffness of ID-T size cards shall be such that deformations in normal use (bends not
creases) can be removed by the recording or printing device without impairing the function of
the card. The deformation which occurs when the card is subjected to the test load as described in
ISO/IEC 10373-1 shall be 35 mm (1.378 in) maximum. The card shall return to within 1,5 mm (0.06 in)
of its original flat condition within one minute after the load is removed.
A.5 Overall card warpage
The maximum distance from a flat rigid plate to any portion of the surface of an ID-T size card shall not
be greater than the card thickness d + 1,5 mm (d + 0.059 in).
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex B
(normative)
ID-B size card
B.1 General
ID-B size cards have the same length and width as a normal ID-1 size card with a thickness between
that of an ID-1 card and an ID-T card. The additional thickness relative to that of an ID-1 card typically is
used to accommodate electronic card components used for biometric capture devices. This card format
is intended to accommodate certain restrictions of current manufacturing technology.
ID-B size cards are not intended for use with any type of insertion reader typically used with an ID-1
size card such as for magnetic stripe or ICC contact readers and shall not support interfaces such as
magnetic stripes or contact IC cards. ID-B size cards typically only support contactless interfaces as
specified in ISO/IEC 14443-1.
ID-B cards, which are cards containing functionality specified in this document, with the width
and height of an ID-1 card and a thickness between 0,84 mm and 2,25 mm, shall not be issued into
applications that include any card reading devices other than contactless readers that do not require
insertion of the card, or into applications where such cards could be easily mistaken for a card intended
for such card reading devices. ID-B cards are intended only for environments where there is a low risk
of inserting a card into a card reader intended for ID-1 sized cards.
NOTE Manufacturers, personalizers, and issuers are encouraged to inform the users of ID-B cards of the
above risks and restrictions.
This annex specifies physical characteristics for such a thicker card if it is used.
B.2 Conformance
ID-B size cards shall meet all requirements given in ISO/IEC 7810 for ID-1 size cards except as noted in
this annex.
NOTE Dynamic bending stress and dynamic torsional stress in ISO/IEC 10373-1 apply only to ID-B size cards
complying with ISO/IEC 7810 bending stiffness of ID-1 size cards, see also Annex C.
B.3 Dimensions
— Dimensions a, b and c (see Figure B.1) shall be as defined for an ID-1 size card, however, with an
extended tolerance of ±0,5 mm, i.e. dimension a shall be between 85,10 mm and 86,10 mm and
dimension b shall be between 53,48 mm and 54,48 mm.
— Dimension d shall be between 0,84 mm (0.033 in) and 2,25 mm (0.089 in), non-inclusive.
— Dimension e (optional radius all around the perimeter of the card).
— Edge burrs shall not exceed 0,08 mm (0.003 in) above the card surface.
The addition of an optional 0,3 mm ± 0,1 mm radius, e, is recommended. Adding such a radius will make
it easier to slide this thicker card into a wallet card holder.
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 top reference edge
2 left edge
Figure B.1 — ID-B size card dimensions
B.4 Bending stiffness
The bending stiffness of ID-B size cards shall be such that deformations in normal use (bends not
creases) can be removed by the recording or printing device without impairing the function of
the card. The deformation which occurs when the card is subjected to the test load as described in
ISO/IEC 10373-1 shall be 35 mm (1.378 in) maximum. The card shall return to within 1,5 mm (0.06 in)
of its original flat condition within one minute after the load is removed.
B.5 Overall card warpage
The maximum distance from a flat rigid plate to any portion of the surface of an ID-B size card shall not
be greater than the card thickness d + 1,5 mm (d + 0.059 in).
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex C
(informative)
Applicability of ISO/IEC 10373-1 test methods for ID-T and ID-B
size cards
Table C.1 summarizes the applicability of test methods for characteristics of identification cards
specified in ISO/IEC 10373-1 for ID-T and ID-B size cards.
Table C.1 — Tests for ID-T and ID-B size cards
ISO/IEC 10373- Test Applicability
1:2020 sub-
clause
5.1 Card warpage see A.5 (ID-T) or B.5 (ID-B)
5.2 Dimensions of cards see A.3 (ID-T) or B.3 (ID-B)
5.3 Peel strength typically n.a. for displays, buttons, keypads
5.4 Peel strength including the edge of the card typically n.a. for displays, buttons, keypads
5.5 Resistance to chemicals applicable
5.6 Card dimensional stability and warpage with applicable
temperature and humidity
5.7 Adhesion or blocking applicable
5.8 Bending stiffness see A.4 (ID-T) or B.4 (ID-B)
5.9 Dynamic bending stress applicable only to cards that comply with
the ID-1 bending stiffness requirement
5.10 Dynamic torsional stress applicable only to cards that comply with
the ID-1 bending stiffness requirement
5.11 Opacity applicable
5.12 X-rays applicable
5.13 Embossing relief height of characters applicable
5.14 Resistance to heat applicable
5.15 Surface distortions, raised areas and de- applicable
pressed areas
6.6 ESS - Electrostatic stress for PICC and VICC applicable
6.9 ICC - Mechanical strength: 3 wheel test for applicable only to cards that comply with
ICCs with contacts the ID-1 bending stiffness requirement
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex D
(informative)
Further test methods
D.1 Impact stress
This stress method applies a certain forced impact to the card to simulate mechanical stress. The
test method is a variant of the “impact stress method” specified in ISO/IEC 18745-1:2018, 8.5, where
repeated overlapping stamping is applied.
Test parameters include:
— mass M of the stamp/weight;
— nominal height H (mm) from which an impact stamp/weight is dropped onto the card, thereby
defining an impact velocity according to the formula for acceleration of inert bodies under earth
gravitation;
— dimensions of the impact area of the stamp, e.g. its diameter.
The stamping test shall be conducted on both sides of the card with an apparatus as described in
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2018, 8.5. The impact stamp of mass M is dropped from a height H at predefined
locations of the card, moving from first to last location progressing from left to right and from top to
bottom.
The locations shall be defined such that the impact areas overlap and all areas of the card are stamped.
If the fragile area of the card is obvious it is acceptable to limit drops to this area.
D.2 Advanced 3-wheel test
D.2.1 Overview
The purpose of this test is to determine the mechanical robustness of an ICC by moving the ICC cyclically
between three steel wheels rolling over mechanically sensitive areas (MSAs) such as areas containing a
display, an IC or ISO/IEC 7816-2 contacts. This test is only applicable to cards that comply with the ID-1
bending stiffness requirement.
2
NOTE This test can be irrelevant for MSAs with an area of less than 4 mm .
D.2.2 Default requirement
Every MSA on an ICC shall be robust against local mechanical stress as it typically occurs during
processing, personalization, and normal use of the card.
To ensure this, every MSA on the card shall pass the following requirement, unless a different force is
specified by the corresponding requirement or specification:
— 3-wheel test with 8 N force for 2 × 50 cycles, horizontally and vertically.
D.2.3 Test locations and directions
The test shall be carried out over every MSA. MSAs shall at least include:
— every display;
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
2
— every integrated circuit inside the card with an area of more than 4 mm ;
— ISO/IEC 7816-2 contact areas.
The test shall be conducted in horizontal and vertical directions.
The plane through the centres of the three wheels shall coincide with the horizontal or vertical
centreline of the MSA, depending on the direction of the test.
D.2.4 Apparatus
The principle of the apparatus is shown in Figure D.1. The principle comprises three wheels, one
above and two below the ICC. The ICC is moved cyclically between the three wheels, so that the MSA is
repeatedly exposed to the forces exerted by the wheels.
Figure D.1 — 3-wheel test principle
NOTE Figure not to scale.
The apparatus shall comprise three wheels mounted as shown in Figure D.2. Wheels W2 and W3 are
fixed. Wheel W1 can move in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the ICC with a maximum
error of ± 5° and applies a force FW1 in the direction shown in Figure D.2 to the surface of the ICC. The
force F shall be applied by means of a static weight (in contrast to the dynamic stress that would be
W1
applied by a spring, stepper motor or pneumatic cylinder) fixed above wheel W1 such that the force
direction shall pass through the axis of wheel W1. The resulting downward movement of wheel W1
shall be limited, so that the minimum distance between axis B in Figure D.2 and the surface of wheel
W1 is between 4,0 mm and 4,5 mm.
The magnitude of the force F shall be as defined by the requirement or, if the requirement does not
W1
define a value, 8,0 N ± 0,5 N.
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 wheel W1
2 MSA
3 ICC
4 wheel W2
5 wheel W3
6 axis A
7 axis B
8 axis C
9 force F
W1
10 d
initial
11 d
min
12 d
perpendicular
13 axis A, B, C
Figure D.2 — Location of the wheels and initial position of the ICC
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
The method by which the ICC is held in position shall be such that it does not prevent deformation of the
ICC during testing around the MSA. To achieve this, the distance between the area of the ICC touched by
the wheel W1 during testing, and any device holding the card during the test shall be at least 20 mm in
the direction of axis A and 10 mm perpendicular to the direction of axis A.
The wheels shall have a standard chamfer and run on low-friction bearings, e.g. ball bearings. The part
of the ICC moving over W2 shall be free to bend.
Dimension d , defined in Figure D.2, shall be such that the distance between the edge of the MSA
initial
closest to wheel W1, and the area where wheel W1 touches the surface of the ICC in the initial position,
is at least 10 mm, provided that the wheel W1 remains on the ICC’s surface. Should the wheel W1 leave
the ICC’s surface when positioned at a distance d from the edge of the MSA, then d shall be
initial initial
adjusted such that the initial position of wheel W1 is at the distance d from the edge of the ICC.
min
Distance d shall be 1 mm ± 1 mm.
min
The dimension d , which is the distance between the edge of the card and the plane through
perpendicular
the centres of the three wheels, defined by the axes A and B (see Figure D.3), shall not differ from the
distance between the ICC’s edge and the geometric centre of the MSA by more than 1,0 mm during the
test.
Key
1 axis A
2 axis B
3 axis C
Figure D.3 — Location of axes A, B, and C
NOTE Figure not to scale.
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ISO/IEC 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 axis A
2 axis B
3 axis C
4 MSA
5 ICC
6 force F
W1
7 d
inserted
8 axis A, B, C
Figure D.4 — ICC in fully inserted position
Dimension d , defined in Figure D.4, shall be such that the distance between the edge of the MSA
inserted
closest to wheel W1, and the area where wheel W1 touches the surface of the ICC in the initial position,
is at least 10 mm, provided that the wheel W1 remains
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
18328-2
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
Identification cards — ICC-managed
Secretariat: BSI
devices —
Voting begins on:
2021-08-20
Part 2:
Voting terminates on:
Physical characteristics and test
2021-10-15
methods for cards with devices
Cartes d'identification — Dispositifs contrôlés par carte à circuit
intégré (ICC) —
Partie 2: Caractéristiques physiques et méthodes d'essai des cartes
avec les dispositifs
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO/IEC 2021
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Abbreviated terms .2
5 Requirements .2
5.1 General requirements . 2
5.1.1 Integrated circuit cards (ICCs) . 2
5.1.2 ICCs with contacts . . 3
5.1.3 Contactless ICCs . 3
5.2 Requirements for ICCs containing displays . 3
5.2.1 General requirements . 3
5.2.2 Requirements for matrix displays . 3
5.2.3 Requirements for segmented displays . 3
5.3 Requirements for cards containing biometric capture devices . 3
Annex A (normative) ID-T size card .4
Annex B (normative) ID-B size card .6
Annex C (informative) Applicability of ISO/IEC 10373-1 test methods for ID-T and ID-B size cards 8
Annex D (informative) Further test methods .9
Annex E (informative) Coexistence of new devices with existing technologies .17
Annex F (informative) Display and input element technologies .23
Bibliography .25
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and security devices for personal identification.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18328-2:2015), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— updated Annex A and changed status to normative: ID-T size card;
— added a new normative Annex B: ID-B size card;
— added a new informative Annex C: Applicability of ISO/IEC 10373-1 test methods for ID-T and ID-B
size cards;
— added a new informative Annex D: Further test methods.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18328 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Identification cards — ICC-managed devices —
Part 2:
Physical characteristics and test methods for cards with
devices
1 Scope
This document defines physical characteristics and test methods for cards with devices, including
but not limited to, power supplying devices, displays, sensors, microphones, loudspeakers, buttons or
keypads. This document also covers aspects of coexistence of technologies of devices on the card and
other machine-readable card technologies.
Additional requirements related to biometric capture devices are defined in ISO/IEC 17839-2. Such
requirements can be applied in addition to the ones defined in this document. ISO/IEC 17839-2 defines
a type S2 card; the physical dimensions of the type S2 card are specified in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 7810, Identification cards — Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 7816-1, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 1: Cards with contacts — Physical
characteristics
ISO/IEC 10373-1, Cards and security devices for personal identification — Test methods — Part 1: General
characteristics
ISO/IEC 14443-1, Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects —
Part 1: Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 18328-1, Identification cards — ICC-managed devices — Part 1: General framework
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2018, Test methods for machine readable travel documents (MRTD) and associated
devices — Part 1: Physical test methods for passport books (durability)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 7810, ISO/IEC 18328-1
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
active display area
area of the display that has active dots or segments
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
3.2
ID-B
nominally 85,60 mm (3.370 in) wide by 53,98 mm (2.125 in) high with a thickness between 0,84 mm
and 2,25 mm (between 0.033 in and 0.089 in)
3.3
ID-T
nominally 85,60 mm (3.370 in) wide by 53,98 mm (2.125 in) high with a thickness between 2,25 mm
and 3,25 mm (between 0.089 in and 0.128 in)
3.4
machine-readable zone
MRZ
fixed dimensional area located on an identity card, containing mandatory and optional data formatted
for machine reading using optical character recognition (OCR) methods
3.5
new device
device to be integrated in the card, except for existing technology, e.g. displays, sensors, microphones,
loudspeaker, buttons and keypads
3.6
total display area
total area of the ICC related to the display
Note 1 to entry: The total display area typically extends beyond the active display area (3.1).
3.7
zone 1
total display area (3.6) excluding the active display area (3.1)
3.8
zone 2
active display area (3.1)
4 Abbreviated terms
ICC integrated circuit card
LED light-emitting diode
MSA mechanically sensitive area
OLED organic light-emitting diode
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Integrated circuit cards (ICCs)
ICCs with integrated devices shall be in accordance with the requirements defined for ID-1 cards
as specified in ISO/IEC 7810. Note that for ID-T cards the requirements specified differently from
ISO/IEC 7810 in Annex A and for ID-B cards the requirements specified differently from ISO/IEC 7810
in Annex B shall apply. Annex C summarizes the applicability of test methods for characteristics of
identification cards specified in ISO/IEC 10373-1 for ID-T and ID-B size cards.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex D provides additional test methods for ICCs with integrated devices employed by various card
industry experts, based upon field experience for specific applications and card technologies.
Guidance about the co-existence of different technologies on such cards is given in Annex E. A
description of different display and input element technologies is provided in Annex F.
5.1.2 ICCs with contacts
ICCs with contacts shall in addition meet the requirements specified in ISO/IEC 7816-1.
5.1.3 Contactless ICCs
Contactless ICCs shall in addition meet the requirement specified in ISO/IEC 14443-1. Note that for
ID-T cards the requirements specified differently from ISO/IEC 7810 in Annex A and for ID-B cards the
requirements specified differently from ISO/IEC 7810 in Annex B shall apply.
5.2 Requirements for ICCs containing displays
5.2.1 General requirements
The requirements specified in 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 apply to ICCs containing electronic displays.
NOTE 1 The requirements described in this document are preliminary. The detailed requirements for ICCs
containing electronic displays depend on the specific use-case.
NOTE 2 Readability and contrast: An observer's ability to perceive the information from an electronic display
depends on two major factors. These are (a) size and font of the displayed information in relationship to the
viewing position and (b) the optical contrast of the displayed information to the surrounding environment.
Optical contrast is the comparison of the brightness or sterance of the display to the brightness of the surrounding
environment. High readability results by optimizing specific contrast ratios.
5.2.2 Requirements for matrix displays
In addition to the test requirements in 5.2.1, for ICCs with matrix displays, it is required that not less
than a defined percentage of all pixels remain functional after the test, as specified by the application.
5.2.3 Requirements for segmented displays
In addition to the test requirements in 5.2.1, for ICCs with segmented displays, no segment failure (dead
segment) is allowed, i.e. after the test all segments should be working in both directions from white to
black and from black to white.
— Dead spots in zone 1 (i.e. outside the active display area) can be accepted.
— Dead spots in zone 2 (i.e. within the active display area) can be accepted if their size and number are
lower than values specified by the application.
5.3 Requirements for cards containing biometric capture devices
ICCs that embed a biometric capture device can be required to conform to requirements in
ISO/IEC 17839-2, in addition to the mandatory requirements of this document. Annex A and Annex B
specify the physical characteristics of two alternative card sizes.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex A
(normative)
ID-T size card
A.1 General
ID-T size cards are the same length and width as a normal ID-1 size card but are thicker. The additional
thickness typically is used to accommodate electronic card components used for biometric capture
devices. This card format is intended to accommodate certain restrictions of the current manufacturing
technology.
ID-T size cards are not intended for use with any type of insertion reader typically used with an ID-1
size card such as for magnetic stripes or ICC contact readers. ID-T size cards typically only support
contactless interfaces as specified in ISO/IEC 14443-1.
This annex specifies physical characteristics for a thicker card if it is used.
A.2 Conformance
ID-T size cards shall meet all requirements given in ISO/IEC 7810 for ID-1 size cards except as noted in
this annex.
NOTE Dynamic bending stress and dynamic torsional stress in ISO/IEC 10373-1 apply only to ID-T size cards
complying with ISO/IEC 7810 bending stiffness of ID-1 size cards, see also Annex C.
A.3 Dimensions
— Dimensions a, b and c (see Figure A.1) shall be as defined for an ID-1 size card, however, with an
extended tolerance of ±0,5 mm, i.e. dimension a shall be between 85,10 mm and 86,10 mm and
dimension b shall be between 53,48 mm and 54,48 mm.
— Dimension d shall be between 2,25 mm (0.089 in) and 3,25 mm (0.128 in).
— Dimension e (optional radius all around the perimeter of the card).
— Edge burrs shall not exceed 0,08 mm (0.003 in) above the card surface.
The addition of an optional 0,3 mm ± 0,1 mm radius, e, is recommended. Adding such a radius will make
it easier to slide this thicker card into a wallet card holder.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 top reference edge
2 left edge
Figure A.1 — ID-T size card dimensions
A.4 Bending stiffness
The bending stiffness of ID-T size cards shall be such that deformations in normal use (bends not
creases) can be removed by the recording or printing device without impairing the function of
the card. The deformation which occurs when the card is subjected to the test load as described in
ISO/IEC 10373-1 shall be 35 mm (1.378 in) maximum. The card shall return to within 1,5 mm (0.06 in)
of its original flat condition within one minute after the load is removed.
A.5 Overall card warpage
The maximum distance from a flat rigid plate to any portion of the surface of an ID-T size card shall not
be greater than the card thickness d + 1,5 mm (d + 0.059 in).
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex B
(normative)
ID-B size card
B.1 General
ID-B size cards have the same length and width as a normal ID-1 size card with a thickness between
that of an ID-1 card and an ID-T card. The additional thickness relative to that of an ID-1 card typically is
used to accommodate electronic card components used for biometric capture devices. This card format
is intended to accommodate certain restrictions of current manufacturing technology.
ID-B size cards are not intended for use with any type of insertion reader typically used with an ID-1
size card such as for magnetic stripe or ICC contact readers and shall not support interfaces such as
magnetic stripes or contact IC cards. ID-B size cards typically only support contactless interfaces as
specified in ISO/IEC 14443-1.
ID-B cards, which are cards containing functionality specified in this document, with the width
and height of an ID-1 card and a thickness between 0,84 mm and 2,25 mm, shall not be issued into
applications that include any card reading devices other than contactless readers that do not require
insertion of the card, or into applications where such cards could be easily mistaken for a card intended
for such card reading devices. ID-B cards are intended only for environments where there is a low risk
of inserting a card into a card reader intended for ID-1 sized cards.
NOTE Manufacturers, personalizers, and issuers are encouraged to inform the users of ID-B cards of the
above risks and restrictions.
This annex specifies physical characteristics for such a thicker card if it is used.
B.2 Conformance
ID-B size cards shall meet all requirements given in ISO/IEC 7810 for ID-1 size cards except as noted in
this annex.
NOTE Dynamic bending stress and dynamic torsional stress in ISO/IEC 10373-1 apply only to ID-B size cards
complying with ISO/IEC 7810 bending stiffness of ID-1 size cards, see also Annex C.
B.3 Dimensions
— Dimensions a, b and c (see Figure B.1) shall be as defined for an ID-1 size card, however, with an
extended tolerance of ±0,5 mm, i.e. dimension a shall be between 85,10 mm and 86,10 mm and
dimension b shall be between 53,48 mm and 54,48 mm.
— Dimension d shall be between 0,84 mm (0.033 in) and 2,25 mm (0.089 in), non-inclusive.
— Dimension e (optional radius all around the perimeter of the card).
— Edge burrs shall not exceed 0,08 mm (0.003 in) above the card surface.
The addition of an optional 0,3 mm ± 0,1 mm radius, e, is recommended. Adding such a radius will make
it easier to slide this thicker card into a wallet card holder.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 top reference edge
2 left edge
Figure B.1 — ID-B size card dimensions
B.4 Bending stiffness
The bending stiffness of ID-B size cards shall be such that deformations in normal use (bends not
creases) can be removed by the recording or printing device without impairing the function of
the card. The deformation which occurs when the card is subjected to the test load as described in
ISO/IEC 10373-1 shall be 35 mm (1.378 in) maximum. The card shall return to within 1,5 mm (0.06 in)
of its original flat condition within one minute after the load is removed.
B.5 Overall card warpage
The maximum distance from a flat rigid plate to any portion of the surface of an ID-B size card shall not
be greater than the card thickness d + 1,5 mm (d + 0.059 in).
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex C
(informative)
Applicability of ISO/IEC 10373-1 test methods for ID-T and ID-B
size cards
Table C.1 summarizes the applicability of test methods for characteristics of identification cards
specified in ISO/IEC 10373-1 for ID-T and ID-B size cards.
Table C.1 — Tests for ID-T and ID-B size cards
ISO/IEC 10373- Test Applicability
1:2020 sub-
clause
5.1 Card warpage see A.5 (ID-T) or B.5 (ID-B)
5.2 Dimensions of cards see A.3 (ID-T) or B.3 (ID-B)
5.3 Peel strength typically n.a. for displays, buttons, keypads
5.4 Peel strength including the edge of the card typically n.a. for displays, buttons, keypads
5.5 Resistance to chemicals applicable
5.6 Card dimensional stability and warpage with applicable
temperature and humidity
5.7 Adhesion or blocking applicable
5.8 Bending stiffness see A.4 (ID-T) or B.4 (ID-B)
5.9 Dynamic bending stress applicable only to cards that comply with
the ID-1 bending stiffness requirement
5.10 Dynamic torsional stress applicable only to cards that comply with
the ID-1 bending stiffness requirement
5.11 Opacity applicable
5.12 X-rays applicable
5.13 Embossing relief height of characters applicable
5.14 Resistance to heat applicable
5.15 Surface distortions, raised areas and de- applicable
pressed areas
6.6 ESS - Electrostatic stress for PICC and VICC applicable
6.9 ICC - Mechanical strength: 3 wheel test for applicable only to cards that comply with
ICCs with contacts the ID-1 bending stiffness requirement
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Annex D
(informative)
Further test methods
D.1 Impact stress
This stress method applies a certain forced impact to the card to simulate mechanical stress. The
test method is a variant of the “impact stress method” specified in ISO/IEC 18745-1:2018, 8.5, where
repeated overlapping stamping is applied.
Test parameters include:
— mass M of the stamp/weight;
— nominal height H (mm) from which an impact stamp/weight is dropped onto the card, thereby
defining an impact velocity according to the formula for acceleration of inert bodies under earth
gravitation;
— dimensions of the impact area of the stamp, e.g. its diameter.
The stamping test shall be conducted on both sides of the card with an apparatus as described in
ISO/IEC 18745-1:2018, 8.5. The impact stamp of mass M is dropped from a height H at predefined
locations of the card, moving from first to last location progressing from left to right and from top to
bottom.
The locations shall be defined such that the impact areas overlap and all areas of the card are stamped.
If the fragile area of the card is obvious it is acceptable to limit drops to this area.
D.2 Advanced 3-wheel test
D.2.1 Overview
The purpose of this test is to determine the mechanical robustness of an ICC by moving the ICC cyclically
between three steel wheels rolling over mechanically sensitive areas (MSAs) such as areas containing a
display, an IC or ISO/IEC 7816-2 contacts. This test is only applicable to cards that comply with the ID-1
bending stiffness requirement.
2
NOTE This test can be irrelevant for MSAs with an area of less than 4 mm .
D.2.2 Default requirement
Every MSA on an ICC shall be robust against local mechanical stress as it typically occurs during
processing, personalization, and normal use of the card.
To ensure this, every MSA on the card shall pass the following requirement, unless a different force is
specified by the corresponding requirement or specification:
— 3-wheel test with 8 N force for 2 × 50 cycles, horizontally and vertically.
D.2.3 Test locations and directions
The test shall be carried out over every MSA. MSAs shall at least include:
— every display;
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
2
— every integrated circuit inside the card with an area of more than 4 mm ;
— ISO/IEC 7816-2 contact areas.
The test shall be conducted in horizontal and vertical directions.
The plane through the centres of the three wheels shall coincide with the horizontal or vertical
centreline of the MSA, depending on the direction of the test.
D.2.4 Apparatus
The principle of the apparatus is shown in Figure D.1. The principle comprises three wheels, one
above and two below the ICC. The ICC is moved cyclically between the three wheels, so that the MSA is
repeatedly exposed to the forces exerted by the wheels.
Figure D.1 — 3-wheel test principle
NOTE Figure not to scale.
The apparatus shall comprise three wheels mounted as shown in Figure D.2. Wheels W2 and W3 are
fixed. Wheel W1 can move in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the ICC with a maximum
error of ± 5° and applies a force FW1 in the direction shown in Figure D.2 to the surface of the ICC. The
force F shall be applied by means of a static weight (in contrast to the dynamic stress that would be
W1
applied by a spring, stepper motor or pneumatic cylinder) fixed above wheel W1 such that the force
direction shall pass through the axis of wheel W1. The resulting downward movement of wheel W1
shall be limited, so that the minimum distance between axis B in Figure D.2 and the surface of wheel
W1 is between 4,0 mm and 4,5 mm.
The magnitude of the force F shall be as defined by the requirement or, if the requirement does not
W1
define a value, 8,0 N ± 0,5 N.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
Key
1 wheel W1
2 MSA
3 ICC
4 wheel W2
5 wheel W3
6 axis A
7 axis B
8 axis C
9 force F
W1
10 d
initial
11 d
min
12 d
perpendicular
13 axis A, B, C
Figure D.2 — Location of the wheels and initial position of the ICC
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ISO/IEC FDIS 18328-2:2021(E)
The method by which the ICC is held in position shall be such that it does not prevent deformation of the
ICC during testing around the MSA. To achieve this, the distance between the area of the ICC touched by
the wheel W1 during testing, and any device holding the card during the test shall be at least 20 mm in
the direction of axis A and 10 mm perpendicular to the direction of axis A.
The wheels shall have a standard chamfer and run on low-friction bearings, e.g. ball bearings. The part
of the ICC moving over W2 shall be free to bend.
Dimension d , defined in Figure D.2, shall be such that the distance between the edge of the MSA
initial
closest to wheel W1, and the area where wheel W1 touches the surface of the ICC in the initial position,
is at least 10 mm, provided that the wheel W1 remains on the ICC’s surface. Should the wheel W1 leave
the ICC’s surface when positioned at a distance d from the edge of the MSA, then d shall be
initial initial
adjusted such that the initial position of wheel W1 is at the distance d from the edge of the ICC.
min
Distance d shall be 1 mm ± 1 mm.
min
The dimension d , which is the distance between the edge of the card and the plane through
perpendicular
the centres of the three wheels, defined by the axes A and B (see Figure D.3), shall not differ from the
distance between the ICC’s edge and the geometric centre of the MSA by more than 1,0 mm during the
test.
Key
1 axis A
2 axis B
3 axis C
Figure D.3 — Location of axes A, B, and C
NOTE Figure not to scale.
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