ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
(Main)Information technology — Home electronic system (HES) architecture — Part 3-11: Frequency modulated wireless short-packet (FMWSP) protocol optimised for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols
Information technology — Home electronic system (HES) architecture — Part 3-11: Frequency modulated wireless short-packet (FMWSP) protocol optimised for energy harvesting — Architecture and lower layer protocols
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016(E) specifies an OSI Layers 1 to 3 Frequency Modulated Wireless Protocol for low-power devices such as energy harvested devices in a home environment. The protocol is specifically designed to keep the energy consumption of such sensors and switches extremely low.
Technologies de l'information — Architecture des systèmes électroniques domestiques (HES) — Partie 3-11: Titre manque
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11
Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture –
Part 3-11: Frequency modulated wireless short-packet (FMWSP) protocol
optimised for energy harvesting – Architecture and lower layer protocols
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016-02(en)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2016 ISO/IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about
ISO/IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address
below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 15 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11
Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture –
Part 3-11: Frequency modulated wireless short-packet (FMWSP) protocol
optimised for energy harvesting – Architecture and lower layer protocols
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 35.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-3194-4
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
© ISO/IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 Conformance . 12
5 Architecture . 13
5.1 Generic protocol description . 13
5.1.1 Overview . 13
5.1.2 Physical layer . 13
5.1.3 Data link layer . 13
5.1.4 Network layer . 14
5.1.5 Transport layer . 14
5.1.6 Session layer . 14
5.1.7 Presentation layer . 14
5.1.8 Application layer . 14
5.2 Data unit description . 14
6 Layer 1 – Physical layer . 14
6.1 Overview. 14
6.2 General description . 14
6.3 Physical specifications for a FMWSP transmitter . 16
6.4 Physical specifications for a FMWSP receiver . 17
6.5 Packet structure . 17
6.6 Relationship between a packet and a telegram . 18
7 Layer 2 – Data link layer . 19
7.1 Overview. 19
7.2 Structure of a telegram of length less than 8 B . 19
7.3 Structure of a telegram length of more than 7 B . 20
7.4 Data integrity . 22
8 Layer 3 – Network layer . 23
8.1 Overview. 23
8.2 Media access . 23
8.2.1 General . 23
8.2.2 Listen before talk . 23
8.2.3 Random access . 23
8.3 Repeater . 24
Annex A (informative) Examples of how to evaluate the hash value . 25
Bibliography . 26
Figure 1 – Illustration of a frequency modulated signal and various associated physical
parameters . 15
Figure 2 – The packet structure for the FMWSP protocol . 18
Figure 3 – Relationship between a packet and a telegram . 19
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016 – 3 –
© ISO/IEC 2016
Figure 4 – Structure of a telegram length of less than 8 B . 19
Figure 5 – Structure of a telegram length of more than 7 B . 20
Figure A.1 – C code program . 25
Table 1 – The FMWSP protocol stack structure (OSI) . 13
Table 2 – Requirements for a FMWSP transmitter . 17
Table 3 – Requirements for a FMWSP receiver . 17
Table 4 – Packet field values of the FMWSP protocol . 18
Table 5 – Field values and meaning of a telegram with less than 8 B of length . 19
Table 6 – Header (HDR) description . 21
Table 7 – Extended header (EXHDR) description . 22
Table 8 – Extended telegram type (ETELTYP) description . 22
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 4 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
© ISO/IEC 2016
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES) ARCHITECTURE –
Part 3-11: Frequency modulated wireless short-packet (FMWSP)
protocol optimised for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
FOREWORD
1) ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established
by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology,
ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC and ISO on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested IEC National Committees and ISO member bodies.
3) IEC, ISO and ISO/IEC publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted
by IEC National Committees and ISO member bodies in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to
ensure that the technical content of IEC, ISO and ISO/IEC publications is accurate, IEC or ISO cannot be held
responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees and ISO member bodies undertake to
apply IEC, ISO and ISO/IEC publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and
regional publications. Any divergence between any ISO, IEC or ISO/IEC publication and the corresponding
national or regional publication should be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) ISO and IEC do not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. ISO or IEC are not responsible
for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or ISO or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual
experts and members of their technical committees and IEC National Committees or ISO member bodies for
any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or
for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication of, use of, or reliance upon, this
ISO/IEC publication or any other IEC, ISO or ISO/IEC publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this ISO/IEC publication may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 14543-3-11 was prepared by subcommittee 25:
Interconnection of information technology equipment, of ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1:
Information technology.
The list of all currently available parts of the ISO/IEC 14543 series, under the general title
Information technology – Home electronic system (HES) architecture, can be found on the
IEC web site and ISO web site.
This International Standard has been approved by vote of the member bodies, and the voting
results may be obtained from the address given on the title page.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016 – 5 –
© ISO/IEC 2016
INTRODUCTION
Various electrically controlled sensors and switches are used in homes and similar
environments for many different applications. Examples of such applications are lighting,
heating, energy management, blinds control, different forms of security control and
entertainment (audio and video).
In most cases the device, e.g., a switch initiating an action, and the device, e.g., a lamp, are
installed at different places. The distance can be bridged by wires, infrared or radio
transmission. Presently equipment at both ends of a wireless transmission link needs to be
powered by line or battery.
While wireless transmissions are especially attractive to retrofit homes, power maintenance of
battery-driven devices is a burden. In addition, these batteries require scarce materials. Since
the command and control messages sent by control and sensor devices in homes are very
short, they can be powered using new techniques for energy harvesting, provided they use a
wireless protocol that operates on relatively low power. Energy available in the environment of
a device is captured and stored (harvested) to power operation of the device. Examples of
energy sources are mechanical actuation, solar radiation, temperature differences, etc. If this
is executed at least one device in the link neither needs a battery nor a wire. Energy
harvesting devices need very limited power and use an energy efficient radio protocol to send
data to other conventionally powered devices in the home. In order to ensure interoperability
of such devices from different sources within a home, an international standard for a protocol
is required that uses the little power that energy harvested devices can provide and at the
same time spans distances to be bridged within a home environment.
Several such devices used within a home may come from different sources. They are required
to interwork with each other using a common internal network (in this standard called a home
network) and supporting a home automation system. When a home automation system meets
ISO/IEC HES standards, it is called a Home Electronic System (HES).
Two alternative technologies are supported by the ISO/IEC 14543 series of standards. The
two standards, ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 and ISO/IEC 14543-3-11, are optimised for energy
harvesting based on similar techniques, but with different modulation schemes.
ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 and ISO/IEC 14543-3-11 specify two lower layer wireless short-packet
protocols, where the former uses an amplitude modulated signal and ISO/IEC 14543-3-11 a
frequency modulated signal.
Amplitude modulated wireless communications are more energy efficient but less adapted to
mobile devices. This is due to the fact that the impedance of a mobile antenna is affected by
the environment of the mobile device, e.g., when the device is held in the hand or moved to
metal surface. Changes in impedance affect the amplitude linearity of the radio frequency
output amplifier, but have no impact on the frequency itself. Thus, an AM wireless system is
more sensitive to changes in environment than a FM wireless system. Also frequencies above
800 MHz are better suited for mobile devices, since they require smaller antennas. Thus, the
frequency 315 MHz is not used in this standard, which together makes the FM wireless
system more efficient for mobile devices.
Compared to the AM wireless system, the FM wireless system provides more flexibility in the
size of various pieces of information that can be transmitted. This includes the possibility to
have larger payloads, different lengths of the identifiers of originators and destinations, and
greater variability of structures and lengths of the telegram types. In addition, the number of
steps a telegram can be repeated is increased from 2 to 15.
AM and FM wireless system are efficient enough to
• support energy harvested products for sensors and switches that do not require cables
and batteries, and
• extend the life of battery-operated devices.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
© ISO/IEC 2016
Both an AM and a FM system can be active at the same time, since each system is so
constructed that only permitted messages are accepted. Collisions can be avoided by listen-
before-talk (LBT) technology or overcome by redundant transmissions.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016 – 7 –
© ISO/IEC 2016
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY –
HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES) ARCHITECTURE –
Part 3-11: Frequency modulated wireless short-packet (FMWSP)
protocol optimised for energy harvesting –
Architecture and lower layer protocols
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 14543 specifies a frequency modulated wireless protocol for low-
powered devices such as energy harvested devices in a home environment. This wireless
protocol is specifically designed to keep the energy consumption of such sensors and
switches extremely low.
The design is characterised by
• keeping the communications very short, infrequent and mostly unidirectional, and
• using communication frequencies that provide a good range even at low transmit power
and avoid collisions from disturbers.
This allows the use of small and low cost energy harvesters that can compete with similar
batteries-powered devices. The messages sent by energy harvested devices are received and
processed mainly by line-powered devices such as relay switch actuators, repeaters or
gateways. Together these form part of a home automation system, which, when conforming to
the ISO/IEC 14543 series of standards, is defined as a Home Electronic System.
This part of ISO/IEC 14543 specifies OSI Layers 1 to 3 of the Frequency Modulated Wireless
Short-Packet (FMWSP) protocol. It makes use of a frequency modulated signal well adapted
to mobile devices and also supports high frequency wireless communications.
The FMWSP protocol system consists of two, and optionally three types of components that
are specified in this standard. These are the transmitter, the receiver and optionally the
repeater. Repeaters are needed when the transmitter and the receiver are located such that
no good direct communication between them can be established. By direct communications
the functional distance of the system is up to 300 m line-of-sight including the Fresnel zone
and up to 30 m in buildings.
Since wireless communications may be overheard by receivers outside the intended
environment, users should be aware of the risks this might cause before installing any
wireless system. In contrast to listening devices, however, protection against malicious
attacks for the technology in this standard can partly be handled in the upper layers, and is
thus not treated here.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 7498-1, Information technology – Open systems interconnection – Basic Reference
Model – Part 1: The Basic Model
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
© ISO/IEC 2016
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
byte
represented by 8 bit
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.4]
3.1.2
centre frequency
mean frequency between the mark and space frequency of the transmitter
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.3
collision
two wireless transmitters using the same wireless channel and transmitting data at the same
time
3.1.4
cyclic redundancy check
CRC
integrity hash algorithm based on a polynomial division
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.6]
3.1.5
DATA_DL
field in the telegram containing the payload data of the link layer
3.1.6
DATA_PL
field in the packet containing the payload data of the physical layer
3.1.7
data rate
number of bits per second
3.1.8
data rate error
difference between the actual data rate and the specified data rate divided by the specified
data rate
3.1.9
energy harvesting
energy available in the environment of a device that is captured and stored (harvested) to
power operation of the device
Note 1 to entry: Examples of energy sources are mechanical actuation, solar radiation, temperature differences
etc.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.8]
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016 – 9 –
© ISO/IEC 2016
3.1.10
frequency deviation
FDEV
half the magnitude between the mark frequency and the space frequency
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.11
frequency error
difference between the centre frequency and the operating frequency
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.12
frequency modulation
representation of logical 1 and logical 0 by mark and space frequencies
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.13
frequency shift keying
FSK
transmission representing digital data by means of frequency modulation
3.1.14
HASH
field in which the hash value for the data integrity control of a transmitted telegram is
specified
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.10, modified – "Subtelegram" has been removed in
the definition.]
3.1.15
identity of destination
DESTID
unique identity of the destination device of a FMWSP telegram
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.14, modified – Both the term and the definition
have been modified, not, however, the abbreviation.]
3.1.16
identity of source
ORIGID
unique identity of the device from which the telegram originates
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.17
LENGTH
field in a packet or a telegram specifying the number of remaining bytes in the packet
respectively the telegram
3.1.18
listen before talk
LBT
technique of checking the occupancy of the wireless channel before transmitting any packets
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.17, modified – "Frames" has been replaced by
"packets" in the definition.]
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
© ISO/IEC 2016
3.1.19
mark frequency
frequency in a frequency modulated transmission representing a logical 1
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.20
maximum tolerated signal
maximum input level power a receiver is able to cope with
3.1.21
non-return-to-zero
NRZ
code used for transmission of digital data
3.1.22
operating frequency
frequency claimed by the system specification
3.1.23
optimum sampling point
middle of the transmitted bit
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.24
out of band spurious emissions
frequencies not deliberately created by the system
3.1.25
packet
set of data to be transmitted as a complete unit on the physical layer
3.1.26
packet error rate
average fraction of transmitted packets that has not been correctly received, where each
packet contains arbitrary data
3.1.27
power amplifier ramp-off time
PA Ramp-Off Time
time between the end of the last symbol of the packet and the time the transmitter is powered
down
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.28
power amplifier ramp-on time
PA Ramp-On Time
time between the transmitter has been powered on and the start of the first symbol of the
preamble (PRE)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.29
preamble
PRE
alternating sequence of bits in the beginning of a packet used for threshold generation and bit
synchronisation
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016 – 11 –
© ISO/IEC 2016
3.1.30
pulse shape
shape of the symbol
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.31
radio frequency power
RF power
strength of the transmitter
3.1.32
rated transmission power
transmission power claimed by the specification of the transmitter
3.1.33
receiver sensitivity
minimum input power level for which the specified packet error rate has been fulfilled
3.1.34
repeated telegrams
telegrams transmitted by a repeater
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.28]
3.1.35
repeater
receives telegrams and sends refreshed signals to any FMWSP receiver
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.29]
3.1.36
space frequency
frequency in a frequency modulated transmission representing a logical 0
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.37
symbol
bit transmitted by the sender representing either a logical 0 or a logical 1
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.38
synchronisation word
SYNCWD
word transmitted in the packet to identify the FMWSP protocol and also used to synchronize
the receiver to the incoming signal
3.1.39
telegram
data unit of the network and data link layers
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.34, modified – The definition has been changed
and the note has been removed.]
3.1.40
telegram type
identifies the type of a telegram transmitted in the FMWSP protocol
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – ISO/IEC 14543-3-11:2016
© ISO/IEC 2016
Note 1 to entry: There are several types of telegrams that can be transmitted in the FMWSP protocol. Telegram
types are used and defined by applications and chosen such that a minimum amount of energy is consumed. This
standard specifies the syntax of the telegram types, but the semantics and which fields are supported are specified
by the applications.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-3-10:2012, 3.1.35, modified – The abbreviation has been deleted,
the definition has been modified and Notes 1 and 2 have been replaced by a new Note 1.]
3.1.41
transmission power
power of the emission during transmission
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.2 Abbreviations
ADDATA Additional Data
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DATA_DL Payload Data of the data link and network layers
DATA_PL Payload Data of the physical layer
DESTID Destination device IDentity
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
ERP Effective Radiated Power
ETELTYP Extended Telegram Type
EXHDR Extension Header
FDEV Frequency deviation
FMWSP Frequency Modulated Wireless Short-Packet Protocol
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
HDR Header
LBT Listen Before Talk
LSB Least Significant Bit
MSB Most Significant Bit
NRZ Non-Return-to-Zero
ORIGID Transmitting device Identity
PRE Preamble
RF Radio Frequency
SYNCWD Synchronisation Word
4 Conformance
The three components of the FMWSP protocol system specified in this standard are the
transmitter, the receiver and the repeaters. The repeaters shall be able to both transmit and
receive telegrams and shall thus support the requirements for both the transmitters and
receivers.
To conform to this International Standard the components shall support at least one of the
three wirele
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.