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ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005

(Main)

Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data

Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data

ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 specifies scene, photographic, digitization and format requirements for images of faces to be used in the context of both human verification and computer automated recognition. The approach to specifying scene and photographic requirements in this format is to carefully describe constraints on how a photograph should appear rather than to dictate how the photograph should be taken. The format is designed to allow for the specification of visible information discernable by an observer pertaining to the face, such as gender, pose and eye colour. The digital image format can be either ISO standard JPEG or JPEG2000. Finally, the 'best practice' appendices provide guidance on photo capture for travel documents and face recognition performance versus digital compression. This consolidated reprint of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 contains the original content of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 and incorporates the Amendments ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd 1:2007 and ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd 2:2009 and the Technical Corrigenda ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Cor 1:2008, ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Cor 2:2008, ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Cor 3:2013, ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Cor 4:2015, and the unpublished draft of ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Cor 5.

Technologies de l'information — Formats d'échange de données biométriques — Partie 5: Données d'image de la face

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
28-Jun-2005
ICS
35.040 - Information coding
35.240.15 - Identification cards. Chip cards. Biometrics
Technical Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 - Biometrics
Drafting Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 - Biometrics
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
01-Oct-2012
Completion Date
30-Oct-2025
Ref Project

Relations

Amended By
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd 1:2007 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data — Amendment 1: Conditions for taking photographs for face image data
Effective Date
25-Jun-2016
Amended By
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd 2:2009 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data — Amendment 2: Three-dimensional face image data interchange format
Effective Date
25-Jun-2016
Revised
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2011 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data
Effective Date
15-Apr-2008
Parent
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd 2:2009 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data — Amendment 2: Three-dimensional face image data interchange format
Effective Date
15-Apr-2008
Parent
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005/Amd 1:2007 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data — Amendment 1: Conditions for taking photographs for face image data
Effective Date
15-Apr-2008
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data Released:9/2/2016ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data Released:9/2/2016
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ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005 - Information technology — Biometric data interchange formats — Part 5: Face image data Released:9/2/2016
English language
104 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19794-5
First edition
2005-06-15
Corrected version
2016-09-01
Information technology — Biometric
data interchange formats —
Part 5:
Face image data
Technologies de l’information — Formats d’échange de données
biométriques —
Partie 5: Données d’image de la face
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2005
© ISO/IEC 2005, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . viii
Introduction . ix
1 Scope . 1
2 Compliance . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 3
5 The Face Image Record Format . 6
5.1 Overview . 6
5.2 Data Conventions . 9
5.2.1 Byte ordering . 9
5.2.2 Numeric values . 9
5.2.3 Conversion to integer . 9
5.2.4 Unspecified field value . 9
5.2.5 Unknown field value . 9
5.3 The CBEFF Header . 9
5.4 The Facial Record Header . 10
5.4.1 Format Identifier . 10
5.4.2 Version Number . 10
5.4.3 Length of Record . 10
5.4.4 Number of Facial Images . 10
5.5 The Facial Information Block . 10
5.5.1 Facial Record Data Length . 11
5.5.2 Number of Feature Points . 11
5.5.3 Gender . 11
5.5.4 Eye Colour . 11
5.5.5 Hair Colour . 12
5.5.6 Property Mask . 12
5.5.7 Expression . 13
5.5.8 Pose Angle . 13
5.5.9 Pose Angle Uncertainty . 15
5.6 The Landmark Point Block . 15
5.6.1 Landmark Point Type . 16
5.6.2 Landmark Point Code . 16
5.6.3 MPEG4 Feature Points . 16
5.6.4 Eye and nostril Landmark Points. 17
5.6.5 Anthropometric Landmarks . 18
5.6.6 Anthropometric 3D landmark . 21
5.6.7 Z Coordinate . 21
5.7 The Image Information Block . 22
5.7.1 Face Image Type . 22
5.7.2 Image Data Type . 23
5.7.3 Width . 23
5.7.4 Height . 23
5.7.5 Image Colour Space . 23
5.7.6 Source Type . 23
5.7.7 Device Type . 24
5.7.8 Quality . 24
5.8 The Image Data Block . 24
5.8.1 Data structure . 24
5.9 The 3D Information Block . 24
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved         iii

5.9.1 Length of 3D Data Representation . 25
5.9.2 Coordinate System Type . 25
5.9.3 Texture Projection Matrix . 27
5.9.4 ScaleX, ScaleY, ScaleZ, OffsetX, OffsetY, OffsetZ . 27
5.9.5 3D Representation Type . 28
5.9.6 3D Supplemental Data . 28
5.9.7 3D Source Type . 28
5.9.8 3D Device Type . 29
5.9.9 3D to 2D Image Temporal Synchronicity . 29
5.9.10 3D to 2D Texture Temporal Synchronicity . 29
5.9.11 3D Acquisition Time . 30
5.9.12 2D Texture Acquisition Time . 30
5.9.13 Texture Map Type . 30
5.9.14 Texture Map Spectrum . 31
5.10 The 3D Data Block . 31
5.10.1 Range Image Bit Depth . 31
5.10.2 Range Image . 32
5.10.3 3D Point Map Width and Height . 32
5.10.4 3D Point Map . 32
5.10.5 Vertex Data . 32
5.10.6 Triangle Data . 33
5.10.7 Error Map . 33
5.10.8 Texture Map . 33
6 The Basic Face Image Type . 34
6.1 Inheritance requirements for the Basic Face Image Type . 34
6.2 Image data encoding requirements for the Basic Face Image Type . 34
6.3 Image data compression requirements for the Basic Face Image Type . 34
6.4 Format requirements for the Basic Face Image Type . 34
6.4.1 Facial Header . 34
6.4.2 Facial Information . 34
6.4.3 Image Information . 34
7 The Frontal Face Image Type . 34
7.1 Inheritance requirements for the Frontal Face Image Type . 34
7.2 Scene requirements for the Frontal Image Type . 35
7.2.1 Purpose . 35
7.2.2 Pose . 35
7.2.3 Expression . 35
7.2.4 Assistance in positioning the face . 36
7.2.5 Shoulders. 36
7.2.6 Backgrounds . 36
7.2.7 Subject and scene lighting . 36
7.2.8 Shadows over the face . 36
7.2.9 Shadows in eye sockets . 36
7.2.10 Hot spots . 36
7.2.11 Eye glasses . 36
7.2.12 Eye patches . 36
7.3 Photographic Requirements for the Frontal Image Type . 37
7.3.1 Purpose . 37
7.3.2 No over or under exposure . 37
7.3.3 Focus and depth of field . 37
7.3.4 Unnatural colour . 37
7.3.5 Colour or greyscale enhancement . 37
7.3.6 Radial distortion of the camera lens . 37
7.4 Digital requirements for the Frontal Image Type . 37
7.4.1 Geometry . 37
7.4.2 Colour profile . 38
7.4.3 Video interlacing . 38
7.5 Format requirements for the Frontal Image Type . 38
7.5.1 Inheritance requirements . 38
iv         © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

7.5.2 Image Information . 38
8 The Full Frontal Image Type . 39
8.1 Inheritance requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type . 39
8.2 Scene requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type . 39
8.3 Photographic requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type . 39
8.3.1 Introduction . 39
8.3.2 Horizontally centred face . 40
8.3.3 Vertical position of the face . 40
8.3.4 Width of head . 40
8.3.5 Length of head . 40
8.3.6 Summary of photographic requirements . 40
8.4 Digital requirements for the Full Frontal Face Image Type . 41
8.4.1 Resolution . 41
8.5 Format requirements for the Full Frontal Image Type . 41
8.5.1 Inheritance requirements . 41
8.5.2 Image Information . 41
9 The Token Face Image Type . 41
9.1 Inheritance requirements for Token Face Image Type . 41
9.2 Digital requirements for the Token Face Image Type . 42
9.2.1 Introduction . 42
9.2.2 Eye positions . 42
9.2.3 Token image geometric format . 42
9.2.4 Minimum width Token image . 43
9.2.5 Padding . 43
9.3 Format requirements for the Token Face Image Type . 43
9.3.1 Inheritance requirements . 43
9.3.2 Image Information . 43
10. The Basic 3D Image Type . 43
10.1 Inheritance Requirements for the Basic 3D Image Type . 43
10.2 The Basic 3D Image Type using the 3D Point Map representation . 44
10.2.1 Coordinate System Type . 44
10.2.2 ScaleX, ScaleY and ScaleZ . 44
10.3 The Basic 3D Image Type using the 3D Vertex representation . 44
10.3.1 Coordinate System Type . 44
10.3.2 ScaleX, ScaleY and ScaleZ . 44
11 The Full Frontal 3D Image Type . 44
11.1 Inheritance requirements . 44
11.2 Coordinate System Type . 44
11.3 Pose of the 3D representation . 44
11.4 Calibration Texture Projection Accuracy . 45
11.5 Requirements on Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the Range Image Representation . 45
11.5.1 ScaleX, ScaleY and ScaleZ . 45
11.5.2 Face Coverage . 45
11.5.3 Non-valid points in 3D data Image . 45
11.6 Requirements on Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Point Map Representation. 46
11.7 Requirements on Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Vertex Representation . 46
12 The Token Frontal 3D Image Type . 46
12.1 General . 46
12.2 Inheritance requirements . 46
12.3 Requirements on Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the Range Image Representation . 47
12.4 Requirements on Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Point Map Representation . 47
12.5 Requirements on Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the Vertex Representation . 47
Bibliography . 48
Annex A . 49
A.1 Best practices for Basic Face Images . 49
A.1.1 Purpose . 49
A.1.2 Feature Point determination . 49
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved         v

A.2 Best practices for Frontal Images . 49
A.2.1 Purpose . 49
A.2.2 Pose . 49
A.2.3 Expression . 49
A.2.4 Assistance in positioning the face . 49
A.2.5 Background . 50
A.2.5.1 Background segmentation. 50
A.2.5.2 Background shadows . 50
A.2.5.3 Background uniformity . 50
A.2.5.4 Background examples . 50
A.2.6 Focus and depth of field . 50
A.2.7 No unnatural colour . 50
A.2.8 Colour calibration . 50
A.2.9 Radial distortion of the camera lens . 50
A.3 Best practices for Full Frontal Images . 51
A.3.1 Digital attributes of Full Frontal Images . 51
A.3.1.1 Photo resolution . 51
A.3.2 Best practices for use of Full Frontal Images on Travel Documents . 51
A.3.2.1 Width to height ratio of the image . 51
A.3.2.2 Head size relative to the image size . 51
A.3.2.3 Summary of best practice photographic recommendations . 51
A.3.2.4 Sample images and sample photograph taking guidelines for travel documents . 53
A.3.3 Full Frontal Image compression . 56
A.3.3.1 Compression – no region of interest . 56
A.3.3.2 Recommendations for maximum compression and file sizes for JPEG and JPEG2000 . 57
A.3.4 Full Frontal Image compression using region of interest . 57
A.3.4.1 Discussion . 57
A.3.4.2 Inner and outer regions, Full Image . 58
A.4 Best practices for Token Images . 58
A.4.1 Token image sizes . 58
A.4.2 Creation of a Token Image . 59
A.4.3 Best practices for digital attributes of Token Images . 59
A.4.4 Token Image compression. 60
A.4.4.1 Compression – no region of interest . 60
A.4.4.2 Recommendations for maximum compression and file sizes for JPEG and JPEG2000
Token Images . 61
A.4.5 Token Image compression using region of interest . 61
A.4.5.1 Discussion . 61
A.4.6 Inner and outer regions for the Token Image for the purpose of compression . 62
A.5 Experimental study on the enrolment of full frontal images for travel documents . 62
A.5.1 Software and data used for the analysis . 62
A.5.2 Experimental results . 63
A.5.2.1 Inter-eye distance . 63
A.5.2.2 Relative horizontal position of the face . 64
A.5.2.3 Relative vertical position of the face . 64
A.5.2.4 Head Image Width Ratio . 65
A.5.2.5 Head Image Height Ratio . 66
A.5.3 Error Discussion . 67
A.5.4 Summary . 67
A.6 Study on the effects of inter-eye distance and roll on biometric comparison performance . 68
A.6.1 Inter-eye distance . 68
A.6.2 Pose . 69
A.7 Best Practices for the Full Frontal 3D Image Type . 70
A.7.1 Best Practices for the 2D part of the Full Frontal 3D Image Type . 70
A.7.2 Compatibility considerations . 70
A.7.3 Pose of the 3D representation . 70
A.7.4 3D to 2D Image Temporal Synchronicity . 71
A.7.5 3D Acquisition Time . 71
A.7.6 Best Practices for Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the Range Image Representation . 71
A.7.6.1 ScaleX, ScaleY and ScaleZ . 71
vi         © ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved

A.7.6.2 Non-valid points in Range Image . 71
A.7.7 Best Practices for the Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Point Map
Representation. 71
A.7.7.1 3D Point Map Width and Height . 71
A.7.7.2 Face coverage . 71
A.7.8 Best Practices for Full Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Vertex Representation . 71
A.7.8.1 Face coverage . 71
A.8 Best Practices for Token Frontal 3D Images . 72
A.8.1 Best Practices for the 2D part of the Token Frontal 3D Image . 72
A.8.2 Compatibility considerations . 72
A.8.3 Pose of the 3D representation . 72
A.8.4 3D to 2D Image Temporal Synchronicity . 72
A.8.5 3D Acquisition Time . 72
A.8.6 Best Practices for Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the Range Image Representation . 72
A.8.7 Best Practices for Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the 3D Point Map Image
Representation. 72
A.8.8 Best Practices for Token Frontal 3D Image Types using the Vertex Representation . 72
A.9 Summary of mandatory and best practices for the 3D Image Types . 72
Annex B . 75
B.1 Scope . 75
B.2 Photography recommendations . 75
B.2.1 General . 75
B.2.2 Recommendations for a photo studio or store . 75
B.2.3 Recommendations for photo booths . 79
B.2.4 Recommendations for a registration office environment . 83
B.3 Guidelines for printing . 84
B.3.1 General . 84
B.3.2 Spatial and tonal resolution trade-offs . 85
B.3.3 Recommended printing quality . 85
B.3.4 Use of a photo template . 86
B.4 Guidelines for scanning . 86
B.4.1 General . 86
B.4.2 Sampling frequency and quantization levels . 87
B.4.3 Spatial resolution . 87
B.4.4 Output colour space . 87
B.4.5 Saturation . 87
B.4.6 Image compression . 87
B.5 Face image quality assessment software . 87
B.6 Tables of the recommendations . 89
B.6.1 General . 89
B.6.2 Scene setting . 89
B.6.3 Photographing . 91
B.6.4 After photographing . 91
B.6.5 Photographic quality . 92
B.7 Experimental data . 93
B.7.1 Experimental results of face recognition in a photo studio and photo booth . 93
B.8 Photographic examples . 94
B.8.1 General . 94
B.8.2 Photographic examples at a photo studio . 94
B.8.3 Photographic examples at a photo booth . 99
Annex C . 104
© ISO/IEC 2005 — All rights reserved         vii

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ISO/IEC 30107-2:2017(Main)
Information technology — Biometric presentation attack detection — Part 2: Data formats

ISO/IEC 30107-2:2017 defines data formats for conveying the mechanism used in biometric presentation attack detection and for conveying the results of presentation attack detection methods. The attacks considered in the ISO/IEC 30107 series take place at the sensor during the presentation and collection of the biometric characteristics. Any other attacks are outside the scope of this document. ISO/IEC 30107-2:2017 contains the following data formats: a binary format and an XML schema. The data interchange formats in this document are generic, in that they may be applied and used in a wide range of application areas. No application-specific requirements are addressed here. Provisions for the cryptographic protection of the authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of stored and transmitted presentation attack detection data are beyond the scope of this document. NOTE While addressing security is out of the scope of this document, PAD data may be protected by encoding them into a biometric information record (see ISO/IEC 19785-1) that includes an optional security block.

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ISO
ISO/IEC 24709-1:2017(Main)
Information technology — Conformance testing for the biometric application programming interface (BioAPI) — Part 1: Methods and procedures

ISO/IEC 24709-1:2017 specifies the concepts, framework, test methods, and criteria required to test conformity of biometric products claiming conformance to BioAPI (see ISO/IEC 19784-1). Guidelines for specifying BioAPI conformance test suites, writing test assertions, and defining procedures to be followed during the conformance testing are provided. ISO/IEC 24709-1:2017 is concerned with conformance testing of biometric products claiming conformance to BioAPI (see ISO/IEC 19784-1). It is not concerned with testing other characteristics of biometric products or other types of testing of biometric products (i.e. acceptance, performance, robustness, security, etc.) Testing by means of test methods, which are specific to particular biometric products, are not the subject of ISO/IEC 24709-1:2017. ISO/IEC 24709-1:2017 is applicable to the development and use of conformance test method specifications, BioAPI conformance test suites, and conformance testing programs for BioAPI-conformant products. It is intended primarily for use by testing organizations, but can be applied by developers and users of test assertions and test method implementations.

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