ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006
(Main)Linux Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1 — Part 2: Specification for IA32 architecture
Linux Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1 — Part 2: Specification for IA32 architecture
ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006 is the IA32 architecture-specific Core part of the Linux Standard Base (LSB). It supplements the generic LSB Core module with those interfaces that differ between architectures. Interfaces described in ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006 are mandatory except where explicitly listed otherwise. Core interfaces may be supplemented by other modules; all modules are built upon the core, ISO/IEC 23360-1:2006.
Spécifications 3.1 relatives au noyau de base normalisé Linux (LSB) — Partie 2: Spécifications pour l'architecture IA32
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23360-2
First edition
2006-12-15
Linux Standard Base (LSB) core
specification 3.1 —
Part 2:
Specification for IA32 architecture
Spécifications 3.1 relatives au noyau de base normalisé Linux (LSB) —
Partie 2: Spécifications pour l'architecture IA32
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2006
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
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accepts no liability in this area.
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© ISO/IEC 2006
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ii © ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Linux Standard Base Core Specification for IA32 3.1
ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Copyright © 2006 ISO/IEC
This standard includes material that has been provided by the Free Standards Group under the GNU Free
Documentation License Version 1.1 published by the Free Software Foundation.
Portions of the text are copyrighted by the following parties:
• The Regents of the University of California
• Free Software Foundation
• Ian F. Darwin
• Paul Vixie
• BSDI (now Wind River)
• Andrew G Morgan
• Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
These excerpts are being used in accordance with their respective licenses.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.
LSB is a trademark of the Free Standards Group in the United States and other countries.
AMD is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Intel and Itanium are registered trademarks and Intel386 is a trademark of Intel Corporation.
PowerPC is a registered trademark and PowerPC Architecture is a trademark of the IBM Corporation.
S/390 is a registered trademark of the IBM Corporation.
OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc.
© ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Contents
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
I Introductory Elements .0
1 Scope.1
1.1 General.1
1.2 Module Specific Scope.1
2 References.2
2.1 Normative References .2
2.2 Informative References/Bibliography .4
3 Requirements .6
3.1 Relevant Libraries .6
3.2 LSB Implementation Conformance .6
3.3 LSB Application Conformance.7
4 Definitions .9
5 Terminology .10
6 Documentation Conventions .12
II Executable and Linking Format (ELF).13
7 Introduction.14
8 Low Level System Information.15
8.1 Machine Interface.15
8.2 Function Calling Sequence.16
8.3 Operating System Interface .17
8.4 Process Initialization.18
8.5 Coding Examples .18
8.6 C Stack Frame .19
8.7 Debug Information.20
9 Object Format.21
9.1 Introduction .21
9.2 ELF Header .21
9.3 Special Sections.21
9.4 Symbol Table .22
9.5 Relocation.22
10 Program Loading and Dynamic Linking .23
10.1 Introduction .23
10.2 Program Header.23
10.3 Program Loading .23
10.4 Dynamic Linking.23
III Base Libraries .25
11 Libraries .26
11.1 Program Interpreter/Dynamic Linker.26
11.2 Interfaces for libc.26
11.3 Data Definitions for libc .40
11.4 Interfaces for libm .53
11.5 Data Definitions for libm.57
11.6 Interface Definitions for libm .59
11.7 Interfaces for libpthread.59
11.8 Data Definitions for libpthread .62
11.9 Interfaces for libgcc_s .62
11.10 Data Definitions for libgcc_s.63
11.11 Interface Definitions for libgcc_s.64
11.12 Interfaces for libdl .70
11.13 Data Definitions for libdl .71
11.14 Interfaces for libcrypt.71
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
IV Utility Libraries.72
12 Libraries .73
12.1 Interfaces for libz.73
12.2 Data Definitions for libz .73
12.3 Interfaces for libncurses.73
12.4 Data Definitions for libncurses.74
12.5 Interfaces for libutil.74
V Package Format and Installation.76
13 Software Installation .77
13.1 Package Dependencies .77
13.2 Package Architecture Considerations .77
A Alphabetical Listing of Interfaces.78
A.1 libgcc_s.78
A.2 libm.78
© ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
List of Tables
2-1 Normative References .2
2-2 Other References.4
3-1 Standard Library Names.6
8-1 Scalar Types.15
9-1 ELF Special Sections .21
9-2 Additional Special Sections .21
11-1 libc Definition.26
11-2 libc - RPC Function Interfaces .26
11-3 libc - System Calls Function Interfaces .27
11-4 libc - Standard I/O Function Interfaces.29
11-5 libc - Standard I/O Data Interfaces .30
11-6 libc - Signal Handling Function Interfaces .30
11-7 libc - Signal Handling Data Interfaces .31
11-8 libc - Localization Functions Function Interfaces .31
11-9 libc - Localization Functions Data Interfaces .31
11-10 libc - Socket Interface Function Interfaces .32
11-11 libc - Wide Characters Function Interfaces.32
11-12 libc - String Functions Function Interfaces.34
11-13 libc - IPC Functions Function Interfaces .35
11-14 libc - Regular Expressions Function Interfaces .35
11-15 libc - Character Type Functions Function Interfaces.35
11-16 libc - Time Manipulation Function Interfaces.36
11-17 libc - Time Manipulation Data Interfaces .36
11-18 libc - Terminal Interface Functions Function Interfaces .36
11-19 libc - System Database Interface Function Interfaces.37
11-20 libc - Language Support Function Interfaces .37
11-21 libc - Large File Support Function Interfaces .38
11-22 libc - Standard Library Function Interfaces.38
11-23 libc - Standard Library Data Interfaces .40
11-24 libm Definition .53
11-25 libm - Math Function Interfaces.54
11-26 libm - Math Data Interfaces .57
11-27 libpthread Definition.59
11-28 libpthread - Realtime Threads Function Interfaces.60
11-29 libpthread - Posix Threads Function Interfaces .60
11-30 libpthread - Thread aware versions of libc interfaces Function Interfaces 62
11-31 libgcc_s Definition .62
11-32 libgcc_s - Unwind Library Function Interfaces.63
11-33 libdl Definition .70
11-34 libdl - Dynamic Loader Function Interfaces.70
11-35 libcrypt Definition.71
11-36 libcrypt - Encryption Function Interfaces.71
12-1 libz Definition.73
12-2 libncurses Definition .74
12-3 libutil Definition.74
12-4 libutil - Utility Functions Function Interfaces .75
A-1 libgcc_s Function Interfaces .78
A-2 libm Function Interfaces .78
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 23360-2 was prepared by the Free Standards Group and was adopted, under
the PAS procedure, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
SC 22, Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces.
ISO/IEC 23360 consists of the following parts, under the general title Linux Standard Base (LSB) core
specification 3.1:
⎯ Part 1: Generic specification
⎯ Part 2: Specification for IA32 architecture
⎯ Part 3: Specification for IA64 architecture
⎯ Part 4: Specification for AMD64 architecture
⎯ Part 5: Specification for PPC32 architecture
⎯ Part 6: Specification for PPC64 architecture
⎯ Part 7: Specification for S390 architecture
⎯ Part 8: Specification for S390X architecture
© ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved vii
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Introduction
The LSB defines a binary interface for application programs that are compiled
and packaged for LSB-conforming implementations on many different hardware
architectures. Since a binary specification includes information specific to
the computer processor architecture for which it is intended, it is not possible for
a single document to specify the interface for all possible LSB-conforming
implementations. Therefore, the LSB is a family of specifications, rather than a
single one.
This document should be used in conjunction with the documents it references.
This document enumerates the system components it includes, but descriptions
of those components may be included entirely or partly in this document, partly
in other documents, or entirely in other reference documents. For example, the
section that describes system service routines includes a list of the system
routines supported in this interface, formal declarations of the data structures
they use that are visible to applications, and a pointer to the underlying
referenced specification for information about the syntax and semantics of each
call. Only those routines not described in standards referenced by this document,
or extensions to those standards, are described in detail. Information
referenced in this way is as much a part of this document as is the information
explicitly included here.
The specification carries a version number of either the form x.y or x.y.z. This
version number carries the following meaning:
• The first number (x) is the major version number. All versions with the same
major version number should share binary compatibility. Any addition or
deletion of a new library results in a new version number. Interfaces marked
as deprecated may be removed from the specification at a major version
change.
• The second number (y) is the minor version number. Individual interfaces
may be added if all certified implementations already had that (previously
undocumented) interface. Interfaces may be marked as deprecated at a minor
version change. Other minor changes may be permitted at the discretion of the
LSB workgroup.
• The third number (z), if present, is the editorial level. Only editorial changes
should be included in such versions.
Since this specification is a descriptive Application Binary Interface, and not a
source level API specification, it is not possible to make a guarantee of 100%
backward compatibility between major releases. However, it is the intent that
those parts of the binary interface that are visible in the source level API will
remain backward compatible from version to version, except where a feature
marked as deprecated in one release may be removed from a future release.
Implementors are strongly encouraged to make use of symbol versioning to
permit simultaneous support of applications conforming to different releases of
this specification.
This is version 3.1 of the Linux Standard Base Core Specification. This
specification is part of a family of specifications under the general title "Linux
Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1". Developers of applications or
implementations interested in using the LSB trademark should see the Free
Standards Group Certification Policy for details.
viii © ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved
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I Introductory Elements
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I NTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Linux Standard Base (LSB) core specification 3.1 —
Part 2:
Specification for IA32 architecture
1 Scope
1.1 General
The Linux Standard Base (LSB) defines a system interface for compiled
applications and a minimal environment for support of installation scripts. Its
purpose is to enable a uniform industry standard environment for high-volume
applications conforming to the LSB.
These specifications are composed of two basic parts: A common specification
("LSB-generic" or "generic LSB"), ISO/IEC 23360-1, describing those parts of the
interface that remain constant across all implementations of the LSB, and an
architecture-specific part ("LSB-arch" or "archLSB") describing the parts of the
interface that vary by processor architecture. Together, the LSB-generic and the
relevant architecture-specific part of ISO/IEC 23360 for a single hardware
architecture provide a complete interface specification for compiled application
programs on systems that share a common hardware architecture.
ISO/IEC 23360-1, the LSB-generic document, should be used in conjunction with
an architecture-specific part. Whenever a section of the LSB-generic specification
is supplemented by architecture-specific information, the LSB-generic document
includes a reference to the architecture part. Architecture-specific parts of
ISO/IEC 23360 may also contain additional information that is not referenced in
the LSB-generic document.
The LSB contains both a set of Application Program Interfaces (APIs) and
Application Binary Interfaces (ABIs). APIs may appear in the source code of
portable applications, while the compiled binary of that application may use the
larger set of ABIs. A conforming implementation provides all of the ABIs listed
here. The compilation system may replace (e.g. by macro definition) certain APIs
with calls to one or more of the underlying binary interfaces, and may insert calls
to binary interfaces as needed.
The LSB is primarily a binary interface definition. Not all of the source level APIs
available to applications may be contained in this specification.
1.2 Module Specific Scope
This is the IA32 architecture specific Core part of the Linux Standard Base (LSB).
This part supplements the generic LSB Core module with those interfaces that
differ between architectures.
Interfaces described in this part of ISO/IEC 23360 are mandatory except where
explicitly listed otherwise. Core interfaces may be supplemented by other
modules; all modules are built upon the core.
© 2006 ISO/IEC — All rights reserved 1
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
2 References
2.1 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
Note: Where copies of a document are available on the World Wide Web, a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) is given for informative purposes only. This may point to a
more recent copy of the referenced specification, or may be out of date. Reference
copies of specifications at the revision level indicated may be found at the Free
Standards Group's Reference Specifications (http://refspecs.freestandards.org) site.
Table 2-1 Normative References
Name Title URL
ISO/IEC 23360-1 ISO/IEC 23360-1:2006,
http://www.linuxbase.
Linux Standard Base
org/spec/
(LSB) core specification
3.1 — Part 1: Generic
Specification
Filesystem Hierarchy Filesystem Hierarchy http://www.pathname
Standard Standard (FHS) 2.3 .com/fhs/
Intel® Architecture The IA-32 Intel® http://developer.intel.c
Software Developer's Architecture Software om/design/pentium4/
Manual Volume 1 Developer's Manual manuals/245470.htm
Volume 1: Basic
Architecture
Intel® Architecture The IA-32 Intel® http://developer.intel.c
Software Developer's Architecture Software om/design/pentium4/
Manual Volume 2 Developer's Manual manuals/245471.htm
Volume 2: Instruction
Set Reference
Intel® Architecture The IA-32 Intel® http://developer.intel.c
Software Developer's Architecture Software om/design/pentium4/
Manual Volume 3 Developer's Manual manuals/245472.htm
Volume 3: System
Programming Guide
ISO C (1999) ISO/IEC 9899: 1999,
Programming
Languages — C
ISO POSIX (2003) http://www.unix.org/
ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003,
version3/
Information technology —
Portable Operating
System Interface
(POSIX) —Part 1: Base
Definitions
2 © 2006 ISO/IEC — All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Name Title URL
ISO/IEC 9945-2:2003,
Information technology —
Portable Operating
System Interface
(POSIX) — Part 2:
System Interfaces
ISO/IEC 9945-3:2003,
nformation technology —
I
Portable Operating
System Interface
(POSIX) — Part 3: Shell
and Utilities
ISO/IEC 9945-4:2003
,
Information technology —
Portable Operating
System Interface
(POSIX) — Part 4:
Rationale
Large File Support Large File Support http://www.UNIX-syst
ems.org/version2/wh
a
tsnew/lfs20mar.html
SUSv2 CAE Specification, http://www.opengrou
t
January 1997, System p.org/publications/ca
Interfaces and Headers alog/un.htm
(XSH), Issue 5 (ISBN:
1-85912-181-0, C606)
SVID Issue 3 American Telephone
and Telegraph
Company, System V
Interface Definition,
Issue 3; Morristown,
NJ, UNIX Press,
1989.(ISBN 0201566524)
SVID Issue 4 System V Interface
Definition, Fourth
Edition
System V ABI System V Application http://www.caldera.co
Binary Interface, m/developers/devspec
Edition 4.1 s/gabi41.pdf
System V ABI Updat System V Application http://www.caldera.co
e
Binary Interface - m/developers/gabi/20
DRAFT - 17 December 03-12-17/contents.html
2003
System V ABI, IA32 System V Application http://www.caldera.co
Supplement Binary Interface - m/developers/devspec
Intel386 Architecture s/abi386-4.pdf
Processor Supplement,
Fourth Edition
© 2006 ISO/IEC — All rights reserved 3
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Name Title URL
X/Open Curses CAE Specification, May http://www.opengrou
1996, X/Open Curses, p.org/publications/cat
Issue 4, Version 2 (ISBN: alog/un.htm
1-85912-171-3, C610),
plus Corrigendum U018
2.2 Informative References/Bibliography
In addition, the specifications listed below provide essential background
information to implementors of this specification. These references are included
for information only.
Table 2-2 Other References
Name Title URL
DWARF Debugging DWARF Debugging http://refspecs.freestan
Information Format, Information Format, dards.org/dwarf/dwar
Revision 2.0.0 Revision 2.0.0 (July 27, f-2.0.0.pdf
1993)
DWARF Debugging DWARF Debugging http://refspecs.freestan
Information Format, Information Format, dards.org/dwarf/
Revision 3.0.0 (Draft) Revision 3.0.0 (Draft)
IEC 60559/IEEE 754 IEC 60559:1989, Binary http://www.ieee.org/
Floating Point floating-point
arithmetic for
microprocessor systems
ISO/IEC TR 14652 ISO/IEC TR 14652:2004,
Information technology —
Specification method
for cultural conventions
ITU-T V.42 International http://www.itu.int/rec
Telecommunication /recommendation.asp?t
Union ype=folders&lang=e&p
Recommendation V.42 arent=T-REC-V.42
(2002): Error-correcting
procedures for DCEs
using asynchronous-to-
synchronous conversion
ITUV
Li18nux Globalization LI18NUX 2000 http://www.li18nux.or
Specification Globalization g/docs/html/LI18NUX
Specification, Version -2000-amd4.htm
1.0 with Amendment 4
Linux Allocated Device LINUX ALLOCATED http://www.lanana.or
Registry DEVICES g/docs/device-list/dev
ices.txt
4 © 2006 ISO/IEC — All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 23360-2:2006(E)
Name Title URL
PAM Open Software http://www.opengrou
Foundation, Request p.org/tech/rfc/mirror-
F
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23360
First edition
2006-12-15
Linux Standard Base (LSB) core
specification 3.1 —
Part 1: Generic specification
Part 2: Specification for IA32 architecture
Part 3: Specification for IA64 architecture
Part 4: Specification for AMD64 architecture
Part 5: Specification for PPC32 architecture
Part 6: Specification for PPC64 architecture
Part 7: Specification for S390 architecture
Part 8: Specification for S390X architecture
Spécifications 3.1 relatives au noyau de base normalisé Linux (LSB) —
Partie 1: Spécifications génériques
Partie 2: Spécifications pour l'architecture IA32
Partie 3: Spécifications pour l'architecture IA64
Partie 4: Spécifications pour l'architecture AMD64
Partie 5: Spécifications pour l'architecture PPC32
Partie 6: Spécifications pour l'architecture PPC64
Partie 7: Spécifications pour l'architecture S390
Partie 8: Spécifications pour l'architecture S390X
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23360:2006(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2006
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 23360:2006(E)
PDF disclaimer
PDF files may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, such files may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading a PDF file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create the PDF file(s) constituting this document can be found in the General Info relative to
the file(s); the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the files are suitable for
use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to them is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the
address given below.
This CD-ROM contains the publication ISO/IEC 23360 (parts 1 to 8) in portable document format (PDF),
which can be viewed using Adobe® Acrobat® Reader. It is composed of nine files, one for each part of
ISO/IEC 23360, plus a ReadMe file. These files include:
1) “Part 1: Generic specification” on the file “C043781e.pdf”;
2) “Part 2: Specification for IA32 architecture” on the file “C043782e.pdf”;
3) “Part 3: Specification for IA64 architecture” on the file “C043783e.pdf”;
4) “Part 4: Specification for AMD64 architecture” on the file “C043784e.pdf”;
5) “Part 5: Specification for PPC32 architecture” on the file “C043785e.pdf”;
6)
...
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