ISO 7055:2023

Natural gas - Upstream area - Determination of drag reduction in laboratory for slick water

This document specifies a method for the determination of drag reduction of slick water, which is mainly used to evaluate the drag reduction performance of slick water. This document uses the pipeline method to evaluate the drag reduction, which is currently recognized as the best method to evaluate the drag reduction performance. This document describes the device, experimental conditions and operating steps in detail. The drag reduction value obtained by evaluation according to this document can effectively represent the on-site drag reduction performance.

Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Aug-2023
• ICS: 75.060 - Natural gas
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 193/SC 3 - Upstream area
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 193/SC 3 - Upstream area
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 24-Aug-2023
• Due Date: 24-May-2024
• Completion Date: 24-Aug-2023

Overview

ISO 7055:2023 establishes a standardized laboratory method for determining drag reduction performance of slick water used in the natural gas upstream sector, particularly in shale gas volume fracturing operations. This international standard provides a precise pipeline-based test procedure that effectively simulates field conditions, enabling reliable evaluation of slick water’s ability to reduce frictional resistance in pipelines. With a focus on experimental setup, operating conditions, and measurement methodology, ISO 7055:2023 ensures that drag reduction values obtained reproducibly reflect on-site performance, supporting efficient and cost-effective fracturing operations.

Key Topics

• Drag Reduction Measurement
  ISO 7055:2023 specifies the use of a fluid flow loop with a test pipeline to measure differential pressure, providing direct insights into the drag reduction capabilities of slick water compared to fresh water under standardized conditions.

• Pipeline Methodology
  The standard adopts the pipeline method-recognized as the most effective technique for evaluating drag reduction-utilizing equipment such as a mixing tank, progressive cavity pump, flow meter, and differential pressure sensors.

• Experimental Conditions and Devices
  Detailed parameters include:

  • Test pipe inner diameter of 8 mm with controlled surface roughness.
  • Fluid flow velocity maintained at 10 m/s to mimic operational conditions.
  • Mechanical stirring in a minimum 30-liter mixing tank for consistent slick water preparation.
  • Pressure sensors with ±0.25% full-scale accuracy and flow meters with less than 0.20% relative error.

• Calculation and Data Processing
  Drag reduction percentage is calculated from the pressure difference between fresh water and slick water flows through the test pipe, facilitating quantifiable performance metrics.

• Repeatability and Accuracy
  The method ensures reliable results with repeatability criteria stating absolute deviation between parallel samples should not exceed 5%.

Applications

ISO 7055:2023 plays a crucial role in the natural gas upstream industry, particularly in the context of:

• Shale Gas Hydraulic Fracturing
  Evaluating slick water formulations to optimize drag reduction - a vital factor that influences pumping pressures, operational safety, and overall fracturing efficacy.

• Fracturing Fluid Development
  Supporting chemical manufacturers and testing laboratories in precisely assessing the impact of drag-reducing additives, surfactants, and bactericides under controlled conditions before field deployment.

• Pipeline Flow Efficiency
  Informing operators and engineers on drag reduction performance to minimize energy consumption during fluid transport, reduce wear on pumping equipment, and control operational costs.

• Quality Control and Standardization
  Enabling laboratories to adopt a globally recognized method for routine slick water characterization, ensuring consistency across the industry and facilitating regulatory compliance.

Related Standards

• ISO 8503-4
  Specifies the calibration of surface profile comparators critical for test pipe surface roughness measurement, directly referenced in ISO 7055 for ensuring accurate test pipe preparation.

• Industry-Specific Standards for Fracturing Fluids
  Complementary documents governing chemical composition and testing protocols for fracturing fluids can enhance validation alongside drag reduction tests.

• ISO/IEC Directives
  Guidelines on developing and maintaining ISO standards ensure ISO 7055 adherence to international best practices in standardization.

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Keywords: ISO 7055:2023, drag reduction, slick water, natural gas upstream, shale gas fracturing, hydraulic fracturing, fluid flow loop, pipeline method, fracturing fluid testing, drag-reducing agent, laboratory standard, pressure differential measurement.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7055
First edition
2023-08
Natural gas — Upstream area —
Determination of drag reduction in
laboratory for slick water
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
4.1 Working principle of drag reduction test by fluid flow loop . 2
4.2 Calculation formula . 2
5 Measurement device . 3
5.1 Fluid flow loop . 3
5.1.1 Mixing tank . 3
5.1.2 Test pipe . 3
5.1.3 Pump . 3
5.1.4 Flow meter . 3
5.1.5 Pressure sensor . 3
5.2 Electronic balance . 3
6 Reagents and materials . 3
6.1 Water . 3
6.2 Additive . 3
7 Measurement .3
7.1 Preparation . 3
7.2 Measurement of drag reduction . . 4
7.3 Data processing. 4
7.4 Protocol . 4
8 Repeatability .4
Bibliography . 5
iii
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