PSIST ETR 310:1998

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Traffic capacity and spectrum requirements for multi-system and multi-service DECT applications co-existing in a common frequency band

To describe traffic capacity and spectrum requirements for multi-system and multi-service DECT applications coexisting in a common frequency band. Configurations for typical DECT applications, and relevant mixes of these, including residential, office, public and RLL applications, shall be defined and analysed, mainly by advanced simulations.

Digitalne izboljšane brezvrvične telekomunikacije (DECT) - Zahteve za prometno zmogljivost in za spekter večnamenskih in večstoritvenih aplikacij DECT-a, ki so v istem frekvenčnem pasu

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-2003
• ICS: 33.070.30 - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
• Technical Committee: RES - Radio equipment and systems
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Due Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Ref Project: ETSI ETR 310 ed.1 (1996-08) - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Traffic capacity and spectrum requirements for multi-system and multi-service DECT applications co-existing in a common frequency band

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
PSIST ETR 310:1998
01-avgust-1998
'LJLWDOQHL]EROMãDQHEUH]YUYLþQHWHOHNRPXQLNDFLMH'(&7=DKWHYH]DSURPHWQR
]PRJOMLYRVWLQ]DVSHNWHUYHþQDPHQVNLKLQYHþVWRULWYHQLKDSOLNDFLM'(&7DNLVRY
LVWHPIUHNYHQþQHPSDVX
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Traffic capacity and spectrum
requirements for multi-system and multi-service DECT applications co-existing in a
common frequency band
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETR 310 Edition 1
ICS:
33.070.30 'LJLWDOQHL]EROMãDQH Digital Enhanced Cordless
EUH]YUYLþQHWHOHNRPXQLNDFLMH Telecommunications (DECT)
'(&7
PSIST ETR 310:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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PSIST ETR 310:1998

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PSIST ETR 310:1998
ETSI ETR 310
TECHNICAL August 1996
REPORT
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DTR/RES-03077
ICS: 33.020, 33.060.50
Key words: DECT, traffic
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT);
Traffic capacity and spectrum requirements for multi-system
and multi-service DECT applications co-existing in a
common frequency band
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.

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ETR 310: August 1996
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 References.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations .11
3.1 Definitions .11
3.2 Abbreviations .15
4 Introduction to DECT services and applications .16
5 Principles for providing required traffic capacity and link quality on a common spectrum
allocation .17
5.1 A new concept: the local load on the spectrum .17
5.2 Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS).18
5.2.1 Spectrum efficiency of DECT compared with a system using FCA .19
5.2.2 Spectrum efficiency due to multi-operator multi-application coexistence on
a common allocation .19
5.2.2.1 Residential base station applications.19
5.2.2.2 Office base station applications.20
5.2.2.3 Public outdoor systems.20
5.2.2.4 Summary on multi-operator multi-application coexistence
on a common allocation.21
5.2.2.4.1 Conclusion for the case with speech
and estimated emerging data services.22
5.2.2.4.2 Conclusion for the case with mainly
speech services .23
5.3 Increase traffic by denser infra structure, C/I limited capacity .23
5.4 Increasing link quality without increasing the load on the spectrum .24
5.5 Means for adjusting to emerging growth of traffic (subscribers).24
6 DECT applications - scenarios.25
6.1 Residential application .25
6.2 Office/factory application.25
6.2.1 Large companies in a business centre.26
6.2.2 Large companies in industrial zones.26
6.2.3 Small/medium size companies.26
6.3 Public pedestrian application .26
6.4 RLL application .27
6.4.1 Rural area - range requirements .27
6.4.1.1 Special provisions for single link ranges beyond 5 km .28
6.4.2 Urban area - traffic capacity requirements mainly for speech services.28
6.5 Summary of traffic requirements .28
7 ISDN, data and multimedia applications .29
7.1 ISDN services .29
7.2 Data services in general .30
8 Multi-system and multi-service DECT applications coexistence analysis for speech services and
emerging increase of data related services .31
8.1 Interference between residential systems .31
8.2 Interference between residential systems and other applications .31
8.3 Interference between office systems .31
8.4 Interference between office and public pedestrian street systems.32
8.5 Interference between office and RLL systems.33

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8.6 Interference between public pedestrian systems . 33
8.7 Interference between RLL systems. 34
8.7.1 Spectrum requirements for RLL applications . 35
8.8 Interference between public pedestrian systems and RLL systems . 35
8.8.1 Spectrum load for a system consisting of DASs and WRSs (CRFPs) . 36
8.9 Interference from public systems to private users . 37
8.10 Summary on coexistence and spectrum requirements. 37
9 Conclusion on spectrum requirements for different scenarios . 39
10 Recommendation on procedures for economic handling of hot spots and emerging traffic
increase . 39
10.1 Monitoring. 40
10.2 Adjustment of the infrastructure . 40
10.3 Frame synchronization. 40
10.4 Maximum traffic load at RFPs. 41
10.5 Sharing infrastructure. 41
10.6 Carrier back-off . 42
Annex A: Simulation results . 43
A.1 Simulations of WPBX office systems . 43
A.1.1 Simulation scenario. 43
A.1.2 Simulation results. 44
A.1.2.1 Capacity in large office landscapes with soft partitioning . 45
A.1.2.2 Interference to and from offices. 45
A.2 Simulations of public street public pedestrian systems . 47
A.2.1 Simulation scenario. 47
A.2.2 Simulation results. 48
A.3 Simulations of above rooftop RLL systems . 49
A.3.1 Simulation scenario’s . 49
A.3.1.1 Basic scenario . 49
A.3.1.2 Additional scenario’s. 51
A.3.2 Simulation results. 52
A.3.2.1 Basic capacity simulation results. 52
A.3.2.2 Capacity and carrier availability . 52
A.3.2.3 Synchronization . 53
A.3.2.4 Directional versus omni-directional antennas. 54
A.3.2.5 Sensitivity to C/I performance. 54
A.3.2.6 Effect of cell size on the capacity. 55
A.3.2.7 Multi-operator scenarios . 55
A.3.2.7.1 Coexistence of DAS systems with very different cell sizes. 56
A.3.3 Conclusions. 58
A.4 Simulations of below rooftop RLL systems and other RLL systems. 58
A.5 Coexistence between above rooftop RLL systems and a public pedestrian street system. 58
A.5.1 Simulation scenario . 59
A.5.2 Simulation results. 59
A.5.2.1 Interference from the RLL system to the public pedestrian system. 59
A.5.2.2 Interference from the public pedestrian system to the RLL system. 59
A.5.2.3 Conclusions . 60
A.5.2.3.1 Spectrum load for a system consisting of DASs and
WRSs (CRFPs). 60
A.6 The impact of WRSs on infrastructure cost and spectrum utilization. 61
A.6.1 Examples of scenarios with WRS type CRFP . 62
A.6.2 Examples of scenarios with WRS type REP. 63

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Annex B: Coexistence on a common spectrum allocation with evolutions and derivatives (PWT) of
DECT .64
Annex C: The concepts of traffic capacity and efficient use of the spectrum.65
C.1 General.65
C.2 The relation between infra structure cost and spectrum efficiency .65
C.3 Maximizing the application dependent spectrum efficiency .65
C.3.1 Directional gain antennas .65
C.3.2 Frame synchronization.66
C.3.2.1 Synchronization between RFPs within a DECT system (FP).66
C.3.2.2 Intersystem synchronization.66
C.3.3 Application of WRS.66
Annex D: Comparison with systems using fixed channel selection.67
D.1 Public pedestrian outdoor suburban application .67
D.1.1 Traffic when using the same total number of access channels as DECT .67
D.1.2 Total number of access channels required for the same traffic per base.67
D.1.3 Summary tables.67
D.2 Office multi-floor applications.68
Annex E: DECT instant DCS procedures.69
E.1 Summary of some DECT procedures providing the high traffic capacity and the maintenance of
a high quality radio link.69
E.2 Detailed description of the DECT instant DCS procedures and features.70
E.2.1 Instant DCS or CDCS .70
E.2.2 Dynamic selection of control channels .70
E.2.3 The broadcast paging and system information.72
E.2.4 Dynamic selection of traffic channels and maintenance of the radio link .72
E.2.5 MC/TDMA/TDD simple radio multichannel base station .73
E.2.6 Antenna base station diversity .73
E.2.7 Traffic capacity.74
E.2.8 Inter system synchronization due to TDMA and TDD.74
History.75

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Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the Radio Equipment and Systems (RES)
Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status. An
ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
an I-ETS.

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1 Scope
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) describes the traffic capacity and the spectrum requirements for multi-
system and multi-service Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) applications coexisting
on a common frequency band. Configurations for typical DECT applications, and relevant mixes of these,
including residential, office, public and Radio in the Local Loop (RLL) applications, are defined and the
traffic capacity is analysed, mainly by advanced simulations. These results are used together with relevant
deployment scenarios to estimate spectrum requirements for reliable services, specifically for a public
multi-operator licensing regime. Recommendations are given on conflict solving rules that conserve the
high spectrum efficiency gain of shared spectrum while maintaining control of the service quality in one’s
own system. These recommendations cover synchronization, directional gain antennas, traffic limits per
DECT Radio Fixed Part (RFP), use of Wireless Relay Stations (WRSs), different rules for private and
public operators and procedures needed for timely local adjustments where and when the local traffic
increases.
2 References
For the purposes of this ETR, the following references apply:
[1] ETS 300 175-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 1:
Overview".
[2] ETS 300 175-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 2: Physical
Layer".
[3] ETS 300 175-3: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 3: Medium
Access Control (MAC) layer".
[4] ETS 300 175-4: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 4: Data
Link Control (DLC) layer".
[5] ETS 300 175-5: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 5: Network
(NWK) layer".
[6] ETS 300 175-6: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 6:
Identities and addressing".
[7] ETS 300 175-7: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 7: Security
features".
[8] ETS 300 175-8: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 8: Speech
coding and transmission".
[9] ETS 300 175-9: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 9: Public
Access Profile (PAP)".
[10] ETS 300 444: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Generic Access Profile (GAP)”.
[11] TBR 6: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); General terminal attachment requirements".

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[12] ETS 300 765-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Radio in the Local Loop (RLL) Access
Profile (RAP); Part 1: Basic telephony services”.
[13] ETS 300 765-2, "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Radio in the Local Loop (RLL) Access
Profile (RAP); Part 2: Advanced telephony services”.
[14] ETR 178: "Radio Equipment and System (RES); Digital European Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); A high level guide to the DECT standardization”.
[15] ETR 246: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); Application of DECT Wireless Relay Station
(WRS)”.
[16] ETS 300 700: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Wireless Relay Station (WRS)”.
[17] ETR 308: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); Services, facilities and configurations for DECT in
the local loop".
[18] Proceedings of the IEEE 44th Vehicular Technology Conference, (Stockholm
June 4-7 1994), Åkerberg, Brouwer, van de Berg, Jager: “DECT technology in
the local loop”.
[19] TIA/T1 JTC(AIR)/95.02.02-012R1: “TAG 3 (PACS) Radio Channel System
Report”.
[20] TIA/EIA-662: “Personal Wireless Telecommunications - Interoperability
Standard (PWT)”.
[21] TIA/EIA-696, “Personal Wireless Telecommunications Enhanced -
Interoperability Standard (PWT-E)”.
[22] ETR 042: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); A Guide to DECT features that influence the
traffic capacity and the maintenance of high radio link transmission quality,
including the results of simulations".
[23] ETR 139: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Radio in the Local Loop
(RLL)".
[24] 91/263/EEC: “Council Directive of 29 April 1991 on the approximation of the
laws of the Member States concerning telecommunications terminal equipment,
including the mutual recognition of their conformity” (Terminal Directive).
[25] 91/287/EEC: "Council Directive of 3 June 1991 on the frequency band to be
designated for the coordinated introduction of digital European cordless
telecommunications (DECT) into the Community”.
[26] 91/288/EEC: "Council Directive of 3 June 1991 on the coordinated introduction
of digital European cordless telecommunications (DECT) into the Community".
[27] TBR 22: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Attachment requirements for
terminal equipment for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
Generic Access Profile (GAP) applications".
[28] 90/388/EEC: "Council Directive of 28 June 1990 on competition in the markets
for telecommunications services".

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3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply:
antenna diversity: Implies that the RFP for each bearer independently can select different antenna
properties such as gain, polarization, coverage patterns, and other features that may effect the practical
coverage. A typical example is space diversity, provided by two vertically polarized antennas separated by
10 cm to 20 cm.
bearer: See Medium Access Control (MAC) bearer or bearer service.
broadcast: A simplex point-to-multipoint mode of transmission.
NOTE 1: The transmitter may disregard the presence or absence of receivers.
call: All of the Network (NWK) layer processes involved in one NWK layer peer-to-peer association.
NOTE 2: Call may sometimes be used to refer to processes of all layers, since lower layer
processes are implicitly required.
cell: The domain served by a single antenna(e) system (including a leaky feeder) of one Fixed Part (FP).
NOTE 3: A cell may include more than one source of radiated Radio Frequency (RF) energy
(i.e. more than one radio end point).
centrex: An implementation of a private telecommunication network exchange that is not located on the
premises of the private network operator. It may be co-located with, or physically a part of a public
exchange.
channel: See physical channel.
cluster: A logical grouping of one or more cells between which bearer handover is possible. A Cluster
Control Function (CCF) controls one cluster.
NOTE 4: Internal handover to a cell which is not part of the same cluster can only be done by
connection handover.
Cordless Radio Fixed Part (CRFP): A WRS that provides independent bearer control to a PT and FT for
relayed connections.
coverage area: The area over which reliable communication can be established and maintained.
double-simplex bearer: The use of two simplex bearers operating in the same direction on two physical
channels. These pairs of channels always use the same RF carrier and always use evenly spaced slots
(i.e. separated by 0,5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) frame).
A double-simplex bearer only exists as part of a multibearer MAC connection.
down-link: Transmission in the direction FT to PT.
duplex bearer: The use of two simplex bearers operating in opposite directions on two physical channels.
These pairs of channels always use the same RF carrier and always use evenly spaced slots (i.e.
separated by 0,5 TDMA frame).
End System (ES): A logical grouping that contains application processes and supports
telecommunication services.
NOTE 5: From the OSI point of view, end systems are considered as sources and sinks of
information.

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external handover: The process of switching a call in progress from one FP to another FP.
Fixed Part (DECT Fixed Part) (FP): A physical grouping that contains all of the elements in the DECT
network between the local network and the DECT air interface.
NOTE 6: A DECT FP contains the logical elements of at least one FT, plus additional
implementation specific elements.
Fixed radio Termination (FT): A logical group of functions that contains all of the DECT processes and
procedures on the fixed side of the DECT air interface.
NOTE 7: A FT only includes elements that are defined in ETS 300 175, parts 1 to 8 [1] to [8].
This includes radio transmission elements (layer 1) together with a selection of layer 2
and layer 3 elements.
frame: See TDMA frame or DLC frame.
full slot (slot): One 24th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one physical channel.
guard space: The nominal interval between the end of a radio transmission in a given slot, and the start
of a radio transmission in the next successive slot.
NOTE 8: This interval is included at the end of every slot, in order to prevent adjacent
transmissions from overlapping even when they originate with slightly different timing
references (e.g. from different radio end points).
1
48
half slot: of a TDMA frame which is used to support one physical channel.
handover: The process of switching a call in progress from one physical channel to another physical
channel. These processes can be internal (see internal handover) or external (see external handover).
NOTE 9: There are two physical forms of handover, intracell handover and inter-cell handover.
Intracell handover is always internal, inter-cell handover can be internal or external.
incoming call: A call received at a Portable Part (PP).
inter-cell handover: The switching of a call in progress from one cell to another cell.
internal handover: Handover processes that are completely internal to one FT. Internal handover
reconnects the call at the lower layers, while maintaining the call at the NWK layer.
NOTE 10: The lower layer reconnection can either be at the DLC layer (see connection handover)
or at the MAC layer (see bearer handover).
interoperability: The capability of FPs and PPs, that enable a PP to obtain access to teleservices in more
than one location area and/or from more than one operator (more than one service provider).
InterWorking Unit (IWU): A unit that is used to interconnect subnetworks.
NOTE 11: The IWU will contain the InterWorking Functions (IWF) necessary to support the
required subnetwork interworking.
intracell handover: The switc
...