SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
(Main)Textiles - Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and to pilling - Part 2: Modified Martindale method (ISO 12945-2:2000)
Textiles - Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and to pilling - Part 2: Modified Martindale method (ISO 12945-2:2000)
This standard specifies a method for determination of pilling resistance of fabrics which used a modification of the commonly used Martindale method (see ISO 12947)
Textilien - Bestimmung der Neigung von textilen Flächengebilden zur Flusenbildung auf der Oberfläche und der Pillneigung Teil 2: Modifiziertes Martindale-Verfahren (ISO 12945-2:2000)
Der vorliegende Teil von ISO 12945 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Pillverhaltens und der Ver-änderung der Oberfläche von textilen Flächengebilden nach dem modifizierten Martindale-Verfahren.
Textiles - Détermination de la propension des étoffes a l'ébouriffage en surface et au boulochage - Partie 2: Méthode Martindale modifiée (ISO 12945-2:2000)
La présente partie de l'ISO 12945 spécifie une méthode pour déterminer la résistance au boulochage et les modifications de surface des étoffes à l'aide d'une méthode utilisant un appareillage d'essai d'abrasion de Martindale modifié.
Tekstilije - Ugotavljanje nagnjenja tekstilij k površinskemu razvlaknjanju in pilingu - 2. del: Prilagojena Martindalova metoda (ISO 12945-2:2000)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
01-november-2000
Tekstilije - Ugotavljanje nagnjenja tekstilij k površinskemu razvlaknjanju in pilingu
- 2. del: Prilagojena Martindalova metoda (ISO 12945-2:2000)
Textiles - Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and to pilling - Part 2:
Modified Martindale method (ISO 12945-2:2000)
Textilien - Bestimmung der Neigung von textilen Flächengebilden zur Flusenbildung auf
der Oberfläche und der Pillneigung Teil 2: Modifiziertes Martindale-Verfahren (ISO 12945
-2:2000)
Textiles - Détermination de la propension des étoffes a l'ébouriffage en surface et au
boulochage - Partie 2: Méthode Martindale modifiée (ISO 12945-2:2000)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12945-2:2000
ICS:
59.080.30 Tkanine Textile fabrics
SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12945-2
First edition
2000-07-01
Textiles — Determination of fabric
propensity to surface fuzzing
and to pilling —
Part 2:
Modified Martindale method
Textiles — Détermination de la propension des étoffes à l’ébouriffage en
surfaceetauboulochage—
Partie 2: Méthode Martindale modifié
Reference number
ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
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ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.2
5 Apparatus .2
6 Auxiliary materials.8
7 Conditioning and testing atmosphere.9
8 Preparation of test specimens .9
9 Procedure .9
10 Assessment of fuzzing and/or pilling .10
11 Results .11
12 Test report .11
Annex A (normative) Categories of pilling test.12
Bibliography.13
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 12945 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 12945-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.
ISO 12945 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles — Determination of fabric propensity to
surface fuzzing and to pilling:
� Part 1: Pilling box method
� Part 2: Modified Martindale method
� Part 3: Determination using a random tumble method
Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 12945.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
Introduction
Pills are formed when fibres on a fabric surface “tease out” and become entangled during wear. Such surface
deterioration is generally undesirable, but the degree of consumer tolerance for a given level of pilling will depend
on the garment type and fabric end use.
Generally the level of pilling which develops is determined by the rates of the following parallel processes:
a) fibre entanglement leading to pill formation;
b) development of more surface fibre;
c) fibre and pill wear-off.
The rates of these processes depend on the fibre, yarn and fabric properties. Examples of extreme situations are
found in fabrics containing strong fibres versus fabric containing weak fibres. A consequence of the strong fibre is a
rate of pill formation that exceeds the rate of wear-off. This results in an increase of pilling with an increase of wear.
With a weak fibre the rate of pill formation competes with the rate of wear-off. This would result in a fluctuation of
pilling with an increase of wear. There are other constructions that the surface fibre wear-off occurs before pill
formation. Each of these examples demonstrates the complexity of evaluating the surface change on different
types of fabric.
The ideal laboratory test would accelerate the wear processes a), b) and c) by exactly the same factor and would
be universally applicable to all fibre, yarn and fabric types. No such test has been developed. However, a test
procedure has been established in which fabrics can be ranked in the same order of fuzzing and pilling propensity
as is likely to occur in end-use wear.
The modification to the very widely adopted Martindale abrasion testing machine on which this part of ISO 12945 is
based is described in a publication by H. Knecht: Neue Methode zur Prüfung der Pillingneigung in Wirkerei und
Strickerei Technik, 38 (1988), 12, p. 1309.
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
Textiles — Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing
and to pilling —
Part 2:
Modified Martindale method
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12945 specifies a method for determination of the resistance to pilling and surface change of
textile fabrics using a modified Martindale method.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 12945. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12945 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
ISO 12947-1, Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method — Part 1:
Martindale abrasion testing apparatus.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12945 the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
fuzzing
roughing up of the surface fibres and/or teasing out of the fibres from the fabric, producing a visible surface change
NOTE This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning and/or wearing.
3.2
pills
entangling of fibres into balls (pills) which stand proud of the fabric and are of such density that light will not
penetrate and will cast a shadow
NOTE This change can occur during washing, dry cleaning and/or wearing.
3.3
pilling
generation of pills over the surface of the fabric
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SIST EN ISO 12945-2:2000
ISO 12945-2:2000(E)
3.4
pilling rub
one revolution of the two outer drives of the modified Martindale abrasion machine
3.5
pilling cycle
completion of the translational movements tracing a Lissajous figure comprising 16 rubs, i.e. 16 revolutions of the
two outer drives and 15 revolutions of the inner drive of the Martindale abrasion tester
4Principle
A circular test specimen is passed over a friction surface comprising the same fabric or, when relevant, a wool
abradant fabric, at a defined force in the form of a Lissajous figure, with the test specimen able to rotate easily
around an axis through its centre, perpendicular to the plane of the test specimen. Fuzzing and pilling are assessed
visually after defined stages of rub testing.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Martindale abrasion testing machine, as described in ISO 12947-1, modified in accordance with 5.2.
The test apparatus consists of a base plate carrying the pilling tables and drive mechanism. The drive mechanism
consists of two outer drives and an inner drive which cause the specimen holder guide plate to trace a Lissajous
figure.
The specimen holder guide plate is moved horizontally by the drive mechanism in such a way that every point of
the guide plate describes the same Lissajous figure.
The Lissajous movement changes from a circle to gradually narrowing ellipses, until it becomes a straight line, from
which progressively widening ellipses develop in a diagonally opposite direction before the pattern is repeated.
The specimen holder guide plate is fitted with bearing housings and low friction bearings which carry the specimen
holder guide spindles. The lower end of each specimen holder spindle is inserted into each corresponding
specimen holder body. The specimen holder consists of a body, specimen holder ring and optional loading weight.
The apparatus is fitted with a pre-settable counting device which measures each revolution of one of the outer
drives. Each revolution is taken as a pilling rub and sixteen revolutions as a complete Lissajous figure.
5.2 Drive and base plate attachments
5.2.1 Drive
Movement of the specimen holder guide plate carrying the specimen holder bearing housings and bearings and
c
...
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