kSIST FprISO 23257:2021

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Reference architecture (ISO/DIS 23257)

This document specifies a reference architecture for Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) systems including blockchain systems. The reference architecture addresses concepts, cross-cutting aspects, architectural considerations, and architecture views, including functional components, roles, activities, and their relationships for blockchain and DLT.

Technologies des chaînes de blocs et technologies de registre distribué — Architecture de référence

Tehnologije veriženja blokov in porazdeljene glavne knjige - Referenčna arhitektura (ISO/DIS 23257)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 35.030 - IT Security
• ICS: 35.240.40 - IT applications in banking
• ICS: 35.240.99 - IT applications in other fields
• Technical Committee: BLC - Blockchain
• Current Stage: 5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 07-Apr-2021
• Due Date: 26-May-2021
• Completion Date: 19-Apr-2021
• Ref Project: ISO 23257:2022 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Reference architecture

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23257
First edition
2022-02
Blockchain and distributed ledger
technologies — Reference architecture
Technologies des chaînes de blocs et technologies de registre
distribué — Architecture de référence
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.4
5 Concepts . 5
5.1 DLT and blockchain systems . 5
5.1.1 General . 5
5.1.2 Blockchain DLT and non-blockchain DLT . 6
5.2 Networking and Communications . 6
5.3 DLT platform . 7
5.4 DLT system interfaces . 7
5.5 Consensus . 8
5.6 Events . 10
5.7 Integrity of ledger content . 10
5.8 Integrity and ledger management . 11
5.9 Subchains and sidechains . 12
5.10 DLT Applications .12
5.11 DLT solutions . 12
5.12 Smart contracts . 13
5.12.1 General .13
5.12.2 Smart contract execution on dedicated peers . 14
5.12.3 Smart contract execution on arbitrary peers . 14
5.13 Transactions and how they work . 14
5.14 Tokens, virtual and cryptocurrencies, coins, and associated concepts .15
6 Cross-cutting aspects . .16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Security . 16
6.3 Identity . 17
6.4 Privacy . 17
6.4.1 General . 17
6.4.2 On-ledger PII storage . 18
6.4.3 Off-ledger PII storage. 19
6.5 DLT Governance. 19
6.6 Management . . . 20
6.7 Interoperability. 21
6.8 Data flow . 24
7 Types of DLT systems .25
8 Architectural considerations for DLT Systems .26
8.1 Characteristics and relationships. 26
8.2 Ledger technology . 27
8.3 Ledger storage architecture . 27
8.4 Ledger control architecture . 27
8.5 Ledger subsetting . 27
8.6 Ledger permission . 27
9 Architectural views of reference architecture .27
9.1 General . 27
9.1.1 Five architectural views . 27
9.1.2 Notation of diagrams .28
9.2 User view .29
iii
9.2.1 General .29
9.2.2 DLT users .30
9.2.3 DLT administrators .30
9.2.4 DLT providers . 31
9.2.5 DLT developers . . 32
9.2.6 DLT governors . .33
9.2.7 DLT auditors .33
9.3 Functional view .34
9.3.1 Functional categorization framework .34
9.3.2 Non-DLT systems . 35
9.3.3 User layer . 35
9.3.4 API layer . 35
9.3.5 DLT platform layer .36
9.3.6 Infrastructure layer.38
9.3.7 Cross-layer functions . . 39
9.4 System view . 45
9.4.1 General . 45
9.4.2 DLT Nodes .46
9.4.3 Application systems .46
9.4.4 Non-DLT systems .46
9.4.5 Other DLT systems.
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