kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021
(Main)Air quality - Performance evaluation of air quality sensor systems - Part 1: Gaseous pollutants in ambient air
Air quality - Performance evaluation of air quality sensor systems - Part 1: Gaseous pollutants in ambient air
This Technical Specification (TS) describes the general principles, including testing procedures and requirements, for the evaluation of performances of low-cost sensor systems for the monitoring of gaseous compounds in ambient air at fixed sites. The evaluation of sensor systems includes tests that shall be performed under prescribed laboratory and/or field conditions.
This TS is not intended for the test of sensors systems used for mobile devices, for the testing of networks of sensor nodes, or for indoor air monitoring although their potential importance is recognized and they could be the subjects of future TS documents.
Low-cost sensors are based on several principles of operations, e. g. amperometric sensors, metal oxides, optical sensors (Infra-Red absorption) etc. However, sensors share some common features, regarding their portability and low-cost compared to traditional reference methods. Typically, sensors are able to continuously monitor air pollution, with low response time ranging between a few tens of seconds and a few minutes.
The described procedure is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of air pollutants. The pollutants that are considered in this TS consists of:
-the gaseous pollutants regulated under Directives 2008/50/EC: O3, NO2 and NO, CO, SO2 and benzene, in the range of concentrations expected in outdoor ambient air;
-CO2 as proxy for activities involving combustion processes or for CO2 evaporation from soil or water.
When applying the current Technical Specifications, the evaluation of sensors considers the thresholds, limits and averaging times that are defined into the Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC)[1]. Generally, the Directive sets Limit Values consists of an annual average that is computed by averaging hourly values. For sensors, it can be useful to select shorter averaging time.
In order to rely on the results of tests this protocol, future users shall make sure that sensors will be implemented with the same configuration as the sensor submitted to this protocol. This can include: the same power supply, data acquisition, data processing, identical sampling/ protective box and periodicity of calibration. The sensor shall be submitted to the same regime of QA/QC and maintenance operation as during tests. In addition, it is strongly recommended that sensors measurements are periodically compared side-by-side with the reference method.
For the purpose of this technical specification sensor systems are significantly less expensive than reference methods for the same pollutant.
Luftbeschaffenheit - Leistungsbewertung von Luftqualitäts-sensorsystemen - Teil 1: Gasförmige Schadstoffe in der Außenluft
Dieses Dokument legt allgemeine Grundsätze einschließlich Prüfverfahren und Prüfanforderungen für die Klassifizierung der Leistung von kostengünstigen Sensorsystemen für die Überwachung gasförmiger Stoffe in der Außenluft an festen Standorten fest. Die Klassifizierung von Sensorsystemen beinhaltet Prüfungen, die unter vorgeschriebenen Labor- und Feldbedingungen durchgeführt werden.
Das beschriebene Verfahren gilt für die Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von Schadstoffen in der Luft. Die in diesem Dokument betrachteten Schadstoffe sind die in der Richtlinie 2008/50/EC geregelten gasförmigen Schadstoffe (O3, NO/NO2/NOx, CO, SO2 und Benzol) in dem in der Außenluft erwarteten Konzentrationsbereich.
Dieses Dokument bietet eine Klassifizierung, die mit den Anforderungen an orientierende Messungen und objektive Schätzungen in der Richtlinie 2008/50/EG konsistent ist. Darüber hinaus liefert es eine Klassifizierung für Anwendungen (nicht-geregelte Messungen) die entspanntere Leistungskriterien erfordern.
Dieses Dokument gilt für einzeln verwendete Sensorsysteme. Es gilt nicht für Sensorsysteme als Teil eines Sensornetzwerks. Für einige Anwendungen (z. B. in Städten) werden Sensorsysteme jedoch als Teil eines Sensornetzwerks eingesetzt. Anhang A enthält Informationen zur Nutzung von Sensorsystemen als Knoten in einem Sensornetzwerk.
Dieses Dokument bietet eine Anleitung zur Prüfung von CO2-Sensorsystemen in Anhang B, da CO2, auch wenn es nicht in Richtlinie 2008/50/EG aufgeführt ist, ein interessanter Indikator stellvertretend für Aktivitäten ist, die Verbrennungsprozesse beinhalten, oder für die Verdunstung von CO2 aus Erdreich oder Wasser.
Qualité de l'air - Évaluation des performances des systèmes capteurs de qualité de l'air - Partie 1 : Polluants gazeux dans l'air ambiant
Le présent document spécifie les principes généraux, y compris les modes opératoires d'essai et les exigences, pour la classification des performances des systèmes capteurs à faible coût dans le cadre de la surveillance des composés gazeux dans l'air ambiant sur des sites fixes. La classification des systèmes capteurs comprend des essais réalisés dans des conditions prescrites en laboratoire et sur le terrain.
Le mode opératoire décrit est applicable à la détermination de la concentration massique des polluants atmosphériques. Les polluants pris en considération dans le présent document sont les polluants gazeux réglementés par la Directive 2008/50/CE (O3, NO/NO2/NOx, CO, SO2 et benzène) dans la plage de concentrations attendues dans l'air ambiant.
Le présent document fournit une classification qui est cohérente avec les exigences de mesures indicatives et d'estimation objective définies dans la Directive 2008/50/CE. En outre, il fournit une classification pour les applications (mesures non réglementaires) qui exigent des critères de performance plus souples.
Le présent document s'applique aux systèmes capteurs utilisés en tant que systèmes individuels. Il ne s'applique pas aux systèmes capteurs faisant partie d'un réseau de capteurs. Cependant, pour certaines applications (par exemple dans les villes), les systèmes capteurs sont mis en œuvre dans le cadre d'un réseau de capteurs. L'Annexe A donne des informations concernant l'utilisation des systèmes capteurs en tant que nœuds dans un réseau de capteurs.
L'Annexe B du présent document fournit des recommandations relatives aux essais des systèmes capteurs de CO2. En effet, bien qu'il ne figure pas dans la Directive 2008/50/CE, le CO2 est un indicateur intéressant pour les activités impliquant des processus de combustion ou pour l'évaporation du CO2 du sol ou de l'eau.
Kakovost zraka - Vrednotenje lastnosti senzorskih sistemov za kakovost zraka - 1. del: Plinasta onesnaževala v zunanjem zraku
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021
01-september-2021
Kakovost zraka - Vrednotenje lastnosti senzorskih sistemov za kakovost zraka - 1.
del: Plinasta onesnaževala v zunanjem zrakuAir quality - Performance evaluation of air quality sensor systems - Part 1: Gaseous
pollutants in ambient airLuftbeschaffenheit - Leistungsbewertung von Luftqualitäts-sensorsystemen - Teil 1:
Gasförmige Schadstoffe in der AußenluftQualité de l'air - Évaluation des performances des systèmes capteurs de qualité de l'air -
Partie 1 : Polluants gazeux dans l'air ambiantTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 17660-1
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 17660-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
June 2021
ICS 13.040.20
English Version
Air quality - Performance evaluation of air quality sensor
systems - Part 1: Gaseous pollutants in ambient air
Qualité de l'air - Évaluation des performances des Luftbeschaffenheit - Leistungsbewertung von
systèmes capteurs de qualité de l'air - Partie 1 : Luftqualitäts-sensorsystemen - Teil 1: Gasförmige
Polluants gazeux dans l'air ambiant Schadstoffe in der AußenluftThis draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
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FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................ 17
5 Principle of the evaluation ........................................................................................................................ 17
5.1 Introduction to the methodology ........................................................................................................... 17
5.2 General objective.......................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3 Protocol ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.4 Initial requirements .................................................................................................................................... 21
5.5 Test infrastructure ...................................................................................................................................... 22
5.6 Test results and classification ................................................................................................................. 22
5.7 Sensor system design changes ................................................................................................................ 22
5.8 List of tests to be performed .................................................................................................................... 23
5.9 Normal test conditions ............................................................................................................................... 25
6 Performance requirements ...................................................................................................................... 26
6.1 Data quality objectives ............................................................................................................................... 26
6.2 Performance requirements ...................................................................................................................... 27
7 General requirements for the performance of tests ....................................................................... 29
7.1 General requirements for testing ........................................................................................................... 29
7.1.1 Number of sensor systems ........................................................................................................................ 29
7.1.2 Sequence of laboratory tests for Step 2 ................................................................................................ 29
7.1.3 Preparation of the sensor systems prior to the laboratory and field tests ............................. 29
7.2 Exposure chamber for laboratory experiments ............................................................................... 30
7.3 Averaging time and repetitions of readings for each laboratory test ....................................... 31
8 Pre-test of sensor system under controlled conditions (Step 1) ................................................ 31
8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 31
8.2 Response time ............................................................................................................................................... 32
8.2.1 Test conditions, test procedures and test requirements ............................................................... 32
8.2.2 Evaluation of the test results ................................................................................................................... 32
8.3 Evaluation of lack of fit ............................................................................................................................... 33
8.3.1 Test conditions and test procedures ..................................................................................................... 33
8.3.2 Evaluation of the test results ................................................................................................................... 33
8.4 Repeatability .................................................................................................................................................. 35
8.4.1 Test conditions and test procedures ..................................................................................................... 35
8.4.2 Evaluation of the test results ................................................................................................................... 35
9 Extended list of laboratory tests (Step 2) ............................................................................................ 36
9.1 Long-term drift .............................................................................................................................................. 36
9.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
9.1.2 Test conditions and test procedures ..................................................................................................... 37
9.1.3 Measurement uncertainty and evaluation of the test results for the long-term drift ......... 37
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9.2 Cross-sensitivities to gaseous interfering compounds ................................................................... 39
9.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
9.2.2 Test conditions and test procedures ..................................................................................................... 39
9.2.3 Measurement uncertainty and evaluation of the test results....................................................... 40
9.3 Temperature and humidity effects ........................................................................................................ 42
9.3.1 Test conditions and test procedures ..................................................................................................... 42
9.3.2 Measurement uncertainty and evaluation of the test results....................................................... 44
9.4 Memory effect of main gas, humidity and temperature ................................................................. 45
9.4.1 Test conditions and test procedures ..................................................................................................... 45
9.4.2 Evaluation of the test results and measurement uncertainty ...................................................... 45
9.5 Wind velocity effect ..................................................................................................................................... 46
9.6 Atmospheric pressure effect .................................................................................................................... 46
9.7 Electromagnetic fields effects .................................................................................................................. 47
9.8 Power supply and battery effects ........................................................................................................... 47
9.9 Evaluation of data quality objective of the laboratory experiments ......................................... 47
10 Field tests (Step 3 or Step 4) ..................................................................................................................... 48
10.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 48
10.2 Selection of air quality monitoring station ......................................................................................... 48
10.3 Installation ...................................................................................................................................................... 49
10.4 Deployment and on-going quality control during field tests ........................................................ 50
10.5 Evaluation of the uncertainty of the sensor system measurement ............................................ 50
10.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
10.5.2 Preliminary check on correlation between test gas and potential interferents at test
sites .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
10.5.3 Between instrument uncertainty for sensor systems and reference instruments ............... 51
10.5.4 Uncertainty of measurements of the field tests ................................................................................. 52
10.5.5 Correction for slope and/or intercept .................................................................................................. 53
11 Classification based on the test results ................................................................................................. 55
11.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 55
11.2 Evaluation of the pre-test (Step 1).......................................................................................................... 55
11.3 Evaluation of laboratory test (Step 2, if applicable) ........................................................................ 55
11.4 Evaluation of field tests (Step 3, if step is carried out; Step 4 otherwise) ................................ 56
11.5 Final classification ........................................................................................................................................ 57
12 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 57
Annex A (informative) Co-location of sensors, deployment and management of a network
of sensor systems .......................................................................................................................................... 62
A.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
A.2 Co-location and deployment ..................................................................................................................... 62
A.2.1 Individual sensor systems ......................................................................................................................... 62
A.2.2 Sensor networks ........................................................................................................................................... 63
A.3 Calibration and validation of networks ................................................................................................ 64
Annex B (informative) Guidance on the testing of CO sensor systems ................................................ 66
B.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 66
B.2 Principle of operation and general requirements for the performance of the tests ........... 66
B.3 Data quality objectives and performance requirements ............................................................... 66
B.4 Laboratory tests ............................................................................................................................................ 67
B.5 Field tests ......................................................................................................................................................... 68
B.6 Calculations..................................................................................................................................................... 68
Annex C (informative) Guidance for the design of an exposure chamber ............................................. 69
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Annex D (informative) Evaluation of the effect of wind velocity on the sensor system
measurements ............................................................................................................................................... 71
Annex E (normative) Evaluation of the effect of atmospheric pressure on the sensor system
measurements ............................................................................................................................................... 73
Annex F (informative) Evaluation of the effect of electromagnetic fields on the sensor
system measurements ................................................................................................................................ 75
Annex G (informative) Air composition in different outdoor type of sites .......................................... 76
Annex H (informative) Selecting the climate for a field trial site ........................................................... 79
Annex I (normative) Ordinary least square regression formulas ........................................................... 81
Annex J (normative) Values for u bs, RM ..................................................................................................... 83
( )Annex K (informative) Example of determination of measurement uncertainty .............................. 86
K.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 86
K.2 Preliminary check ........................................................................................................................................ 86
K.3 Between sensor systems and reference method .............................................................................. 86
K.4 Measurement uncertainty ........................................................................................................................ 86
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 91
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FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 17660-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is Part 1 of a series of documents published under the general title Air quality —
Performance evaluation of air quality sensor systems.Part 1 covers the performance evaluation of air quality sensor systems for gaseous pollutants in ambient
air.Part 2 covers the performance evaluation of air quality sensor systems for particulate pollutants in
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Introduction
Sensor systems are generally seen as emerging measuring devices for the monitoring of air quality.
Sensor systems provide a fast and low-cost alternative to the reference methods as defined in Directive
2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe [1]. Sensor systems could allow for air
pollution monitoring at a lower cost and with a higher spatial density than with the reference methods.
They also allow for new air pollution applications when coupled with the global positioning system (GPS),
global system for mobile communications (GSM) and smartphones including monitoring in complex
topographies, at traffic junctions, in street canyons, at remote sites and for citizen science studies; e.g.
monitoring around sensitive receptors, schools, or parks.Sensor systems are making use of one or more low-cost sensors that are based on several principles of
operations, e.g. amperometric sensors, metal oxides, optical sensors (infra-red absorption). However,
sensor systems share some common features regarding their portability and low-cost compared to
traditional reference methods. Typically, sensor systems are able to continuously monitor air pollution,
with fast response times ranging between a few tens of seconds and a few minutes.
Currently, the use of sensor systems for air quality monitoring is limited by the occasional low accuracy
of measurements that they can achieve. Additionally, there was no unambiguous protocol of evaluation
of sensor systems with a structured metrological approach, able to ensure traceability from sensor
system measurements to national and international standards. A protocol will enable exhaustive and
transparent evaluations of sensor systems that can be an important step to include sensor system
measurements into the monitoring of air quality for regulatory and non-regulatory purposes.
The protocol presented in this document applies to sensor systems and supports the requirements of
Directive 2008/50/EC. The presented procedure evaluates if the measurement uncertainty defined in
Directive 2008/50/EC as data quality objectives for indicative measurements and for objective
estimation is met. However, the protocol additionally allows for a less demanding evaluation of the
performance of sensor systems for non-regulatory measurements.The protocol applies to sensor systems as individual measurement devices. This protocol does not apply
to sensor systems as nodes in a sensor network. Annex A gives information on the use of sensor systems
in sensor networks.This document defines common procedures and requirements for the evaluation of the performance of
sensor systems to facilitate mutual recognition by the relevant bodies or stakeholders and thereby
minimise both administrative and cost burdens on manufacturers. It does not describe the roles and
responsibilities of manufacturers, test laboratories and relevant bodies under these procedures.
In addition to the gaseous pollutants regulated in Directive 2008/50/EC, carbon dioxide is considered in
the scope of this protocol although this compound is not listed in Directive 2008/50/EC. Consequently,
there is no data quality objective for carbon dioxide. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has not set
any guidelines for carbon dioxide. However, there is a growing interest in monitoring carbon dioxide in
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1 Scope
This document specifies the general principles, including testing procedures and requirements, for the
classification of performance of low-cost sensor systems for the monitoring of gaseous compounds in
ambient air at fixed sites. The classification of sensor systems includes tests that are performed under
prescribed laboratory and field conditions.The procedure described is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of air pollutants.
The pollutants that are considered in this document are the gaseous pollutants regulated under Directive
2008/50/EC (O , NO/NO /NO , CO, SO and benzene) in the range of concentrations expected in ambient
3 2 x 2air.
This document provides a classification that is consistent with the requirements for indicative
measurements and objective estimation defined in Directive 2008/50/EC. In addition, it provides a
classification for applications (non-regulatory measurements) that require more relaxed performance
criteria.This document applies to sensor systems used as individual systems. It does not apply to sensor systems
as part of a sensor network. However, for some applications (e.g. in cities) sensor systems are deployed
as part of a sensor network. Annex A gives information on the use of sensor systems as nodes in a sensor
network.This document gives guidance on the testing of CO sensor systems in Annex B since, although not listed
in Directive 2008/50/EC, CO is an interesting indicator as proxy for activities involving combustion
processes or for CO2 evaporation from soil or water.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 14956:2006, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison
with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002)3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
ambient air
outdoor air in the troposphere where provisions concerning health and safety at work apply and to which
members of the public do not have regular access[SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC]
Note 1 to entry: This does not include workplaces defined by Directive 89/654/EC.
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3.2
sensor
individual sensor
chemical cell or physical unit that produces an analytically useful signal by detecting or measuring the
analyte3.3
sensor system
sensor node
single integrated set of hardware that uses one or more sensors to detect and/or measure a chemical
concentration or quantity that is able to supply real time measurementsNote 1 to entry: The term “instrument” has a very similar definition, but many researchers are typically referring
to a reference grade device when using the word “instrument”.Note 2 to entry: All the tests that are intended in this document are designed for sensor systems only.
Note 3 to entry: Sensor systems contain a number of common components in addition to the basic sensing or
analytical element that is used for detection. Common core components and functions can include:
— sensing element or detector (actually the sensor);— sampling capability (active or passive sampling);
— power systems, including batteries;
— analogue to digital conversion;
— signal processing;
— local data storage;
— data transmission;
— housing or casing.
3.4
class 1 sensor system
measuring device delivering data that are at minimum consistent with the data quality objectives of
indicative measurementsNote 1 to entry: The term “indicative measurement” refers to the definition in Directive 2008/50/EC and not to
the performance of the sensor system.3.5
class 2 sensor system
measuring device delivering data that are at minimum consistent with the data quality objectives of
objective estimationsNote 1 to entry: The term “objective estimation” refers to the definition in Directive 2008/50/EC and not to the
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3.6
class 3 sensor system
measuring device delivering data that comply with a relaxed target measurement uncertainty, but are
not formally associated with any mandatory data quality objectiveNote 1 to entry: Relaxed target measurement uncertainty are given in Table 3.
3.7
exposure chamber
volume that can be sealed with controlled conditions of temperature, humidity and test gas volume
fraction, used for performing the test on the sensor system3.8
averaging period
period of time for which a limit value is associated
Note 1 to entry: For this document, the averaging period for field measurements is default to 1 h if the averaging
period in Directive 2008/50/EC is greater than 1 h.3.9
independent measurement
measurement that is not influenced by a previous individual measurement, by separating two individual
measurements by at least four response times3.10
individual measurement
measurement averaged over a time period equal to the response time of the sensor system
[SOURCE: adapted from EN 14211:2012, 3.15]Note 1 to entry: This definition differs from the meaning of the concept “individual measurement” in Directive
2008/50/EC.3.11
cold start
initial start after a shutdown or a long maintenance
Note 1 to entry: While the durations can vary, typically a cold start follows a shutdown of at least 48 h (2 days or
more).3.12
warm start
restart after a short maintenance period of typically 1 h
3.13
hot start
restart af
...
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