F34 - Rolling Element Bearings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers basic characteristics required for porous laminated epoxy materials intended for use as instrument and thin-section ball-bearing retainers (cages), as well as the methods of determining these characteristics. It provides guidance with respect to material and test conditioning, performance, verification, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers basic characteristics required for porous laminated Epoxy materials intended for use as instrument and thin-section ball-bearing retainers (cages) and the methods of determining these characteristics.  
1.2 Forms—Sheets and Rolled Tubes are recommended forms of laminated material covered by this specification.  
1.3 Intended Use—Materials produced to this specification are intended for use as ball bearing retainers (cages). Temperature range is limited to 284 °F (140 °C) and below.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers annular ball bearings intended primarily for use in instrument and precision rotating components. Annular ball bearings for instrument and precision rotating components shall be of the following types, as specified: type I - deep groove, unflanged; type II - deep groove, flanged; type III - deep groove, unflanged, inner ring extended; type IV - deep groove, flanged, inner ring extended; type V - angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring; type VI - angular contact, flanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring on flange side; type VII - angular contact, unflanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; type VIII - angular contact, flanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; type IX - angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and stepped inner ring. Materials inspection, passivation test, visual inspection, dimensional inspections, radial internal clearance, torque test, ball quality inspection, hardness test, surface roughness test, dimensional stability test, lubricant inspection, and calibration classification inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annular ball bearings intended primarily for use in instrument and precision rotating components. Instrument and precision ball bearings should meet tolerances specified in ABMA Standard 12.2, Instrument Ball Bearings Inch Design for Classes ABEC 5P and 7P.  
1.2 Intended Use—Ball bearings defined by this specification are intended for use in critical components of instrument systems. Such components range from air circulating blowers and drive motors through precision gear trains, gyro gimbals, and pickoffs to rate integrating spin-motors.  
1.3 The specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-B-81793, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Naval Air Systems Command (Navy-AS) in Lakehurst, NJ. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review activities  
Navy - AS  
Army - AT  
Army-AV  
Navy - AS  
Navy - MC, SH  
Air Force - 99  
Air Force–84  
DLA - GS  
1.4 Classification—Annular ball bearings for instrument and precision rotating components shall be of the following types, as specified:  
1.4.1 Type I—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, unflanged; (See Annex A1 – Annex A4)  
1.4.2 Type II—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, flanged; (See Annex A5 – Annex A8)  
1.4.3 Type III—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, unflanged, inner ring extended; (See Annex A9 – Annex A12)  
1.4.4 Type IV—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, flanged, inner ring extended; (See Annex A13 – Annex A16)  
1.4.5 Type V—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring; (See Annex A17 – Annex A20)  
1.4.6 Type VI—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, flanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring on flange side; (See Annex A21 – Annex A24)  
1.4.7 Type VII—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, unflanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; (See Annex A25 – Annex A28)  
1.4.8 Type VIII—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, flanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; (See Annex A29 – Annex A32)  
1.4.9 Type IX—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and stepped inner ring. (See Annex A33 – Annex A36)  
1.5 Inch-Pound Specification—This speci...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for rigid or flat seat type, two channeled race surface, thrust roller bearings intended for use in slow rotating or oscillating applications where pure thrust loads are applied. The thrust bearing shall be made of the specified high carbon chromium alloy steel. Requirements for (1) physical properties such as heat treatment, (2) dimensions and mass, and (3) surface finish are specified. Dimensions of retainer type, steering gear service and retainerless type, intermittent operation, are illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for rigid or flat seat type, two channeled race surface, thrust roller bearings.  
1.2 Intended Use—The bearings covered in this specification are intended for use in slow rotating or oscillating applications where pure thrust loads are applied.  
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17169, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing Activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities  
DLA-GS4  
Army-AT  
Army-MI  
Navy-MC  
Air Force-84  
Air Force-99  
DLA-GS4  
1.4 For design feature purposes, this specification takes precedence over procurement documents referenced herein.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Relevance of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT)—The SOT was designed to evaluate the relative degradation rates of liquid lubricants in a contact environment similar to that in an angular contact bearing operating in the boundary lubrication regime. It functions as a screening device to quickly select the lubricants, evaluate the ability of various components of a lubricant (base oil, thickener, or additive) to lubricate a contact in rolling, pivoting, and sliding conditions simultaneously, and study their chemical decomposition if necessary. The SOT provides a means to study the tribological behavior of oils and greases during operation, while they undergo changes as a function of typical parameters encountered in the lubrication field (temperature, environment, materials used, load applied, and speed). Test conclusion is defined to be when a friction coefficient limit (typically an increase of 0.1 above the steady state value) is surpassed. Normalized lubricant lifetime is then defined as the number of orbits completed divided by the initial amount of lubricant used (in μg). The SOT was initially developed to evaluate lubricants for space applications, but is also relevant for conventional environments. Some results in vacuum are presented (Fig. 1). At this time, no data for tests in ambient conditions have been published (see Fig. 2). The user of this test method should determine to their own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate with field performance or other bench test procedures.
FIG. 1 Relative lifetimes of three typical space lubricants at 23°C in vacuum on 52100 steel  
Pepper, S.V., Kingsbury, E.P., “Spiral Orbit Tribometry – Part II: Evaluation of Three Liquid Lubricants in Vacuum”,  Tribo. Trans., V 46, 1, pp 65-69, 2003
FIG. 2 Comparison between full scale bearing tests** and SOT data at 23°C on 440C steel.  
Bazinet, D.G., Espinosa, M.A., Loewenthal, S.H., Gschwender, L., Jones, W.R., Jr., Predmore, R.E., “Life of Scan...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the friction coefficient and the lifetime of oils and greases, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, speed, Hertzian stress, materials, temperature, and atmosphere, by means of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT). This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of the lifetimes of fluid lubricants under vacuum and ambient conditions.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers needle roller bearings having thick outer rings, with rollers and cages.  
1.2 The bearings being specified are intended to be used with hardened shafts (HRC58-65; see Test Methods E18). For use with unhardened shafts, bearings should be used in conjunction with inner bearing ring MS51962 as specified in Specification F2431 and shown as MS500072 bearing assemblies in Specification F2430.  
1.3 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.  
1.4 Bearings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This specification contains many of the requirements of MS51961 which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms and their definitions relevant to the materials and processes associated with rolling element bearings.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to report on the testing of, to discuss and compare the properties of, and to provide guidelines for the choice of lubricating greases for precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB are, for the purposes of this guide, meant to include bearings of Annular Bearing Engineer's Committee (ABEC) 5 quality and above. This guide limits its scope to lubricating greases used in PREB.  
4.2 The number of lubricating greases used in PREB increased dramatically from the early 1940s to the mid 1990s. In the beginning of this period, petroleum products were the only widely available base stocks. Later, synthetic base oils became available. They included synthetic hydrocarbons, esters, silicones, multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MAC) and fluorinated materials, including perfluorinated ethers and the fluorosilicones. This broad spectrum of lubricant choices has led to the use of a large number of different lubricants in PREB applications. The U.S. Department of Defense, as a user of many PREB, has seen a significant increase in the logistics effort required to support the procurement and distribution of these items. In addition, as time has passed, some of the greases used in certain PREB are no longer available or require improved performances due to advanced bearing technology/requirements. This implies that replacement lubricating greases must be found, especially in this era of extending the lifetime of DoD assets, with the consequent and unprojected demand for sources of replacement parts.  
4.3 One of the primary goals of this study was to take a broad spectrum of the lubricating greases used in PREB and do a comprehensive series of tests on them in order that their properties could be compared and, if necessary, potential replacement greases be identified. This study is also meant to be a design guide for choosing lubricating greases for future PREB applications. This guide represents a collective effort of many members of this co...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is a tool to aid in the choice of lubricating grease for precision rolling element bearing applications. The recommendations in this guide are not intended for general purpose bearing applications There are two areas where this guide should have the greatest impact: (1) when lubricating grease is being chosen for a new bearing application and (2) when grease for a bearing has to be replaced because the original grease specified for the bearing can no longer be obtained. The Report (see Section 5) contains a series of tests on a wide variety of greases commonly used in bearing applications to allow comparisons of those properties of the grease that the committee thought to be most important when making a choice of lubricating grease. Each test was performed by the same laboratory. This guide contains a listing of the properties of greases by base oil type, that is, ester, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), polyalphaolefin (PAO), and so forth. This organization is necessary since the operational requirements in a particular bearing application may limit the choice of grease to a particular base oil type and thickener due to its temperature stability, viscosity index or temperature-vapor pressure characteristics, etc. The guide provides data to assist the user in selecting replacement greases for those greases tested that are no longer available. The guide also includes a glossary of terms used in describing/discussing the lubrication of precision and instrument bearings.  
1.2 The lubricating greases presented in this guide are commonly used in precision rolling element bearings (PREB). These greases were selected for the testing based on the grease survey obtained from DoD, OEM and grease manufactures and evaluated according to the test protocol that was designed by Subcommittee F34 on Tribology. This test protocol covers the essential requirements identified for precision bearing greases. The performance requirem...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for metric series, tapered roller bearings with a single row of rollers.  
1.2 Intended Use—The bearings covered in this specification are intended to be used in general industrial and vehicle applications where the operating temperature does not exceed 120 °C (250 °F).  
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of DS3225, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing Activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities  
DLA-GS4  
Army-AT  
Army-AV    
Navy-MC  
Navy –MC, SH  
Air Force-99  
Air Force-84  
Other-NS  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the procurement requirements for solid ferrous needle rollers, including the MS19065 spherical ended solid ferrous needle rollers, intended for use in bearings and bearing applications. Rollers shall be made of chrome alloy steel E52100, and manufactured in any of the following types: Type I—spherical end; Type II—flat end; Type III—ball end; Type IV—crankpin end; Type V—conical end; and Type VI—trunnion end. Representative rollers shall be inspected by dimensional and visual examination, surface roughness examination, hot acid etch test, decarburization test, hardness test, chemical analysis, macro-examination, austenitic grain size test, and inclusion rating test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procurement requirements for solid ferrous needle bearing rollers including the MS19065 spherical ended solid ferrous needle rollers as specified in Specification F2443.  
1.2 Intended Use—The rollers covered in this specification are intended for use in bearings and bearing applications.  
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-R-22440, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing Activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities  
DLA-GS4  
Army-AT  
Army-CR4  
Navy-OS  
Air Force-84  
Air Force-99  
DLA-GS4  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers spherical-ended ferrous needle rollers intended for use as bearing components. Rollers shall be made of chrome alloy steel E50100, E51100, E52100, and shall conform to specified requirements for heat treatment and protective coatings. Rollers shall also meet specified values for diameter, length, and effective length in accordance with MS Part No.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ferrous needle rollers having spherical ends.  
1.2 Spherical-ended needle rollers designed to this specification are intended for use as bearing components. A complement of rollers is run on a hardened (HRC 58-65, see Test Methods E18) shaft and in a hardened (HRC 58-65) housing bore to form the bearing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS19065, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities    
DLA–GS4  
Army–AT  
Navy–MC    
Navy–OS  
Air Force–84  
Air Force–99  
DLA–GS4  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to report on the testing of, to discuss and compare the properties of, and to provide guidelines for the choice of lubricants for precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB are, for the purposes of this guide, meant to include bearings of ABEC 5 quality and above. This guide limits its scope to oils used in PREB and is to be followed by a similar document to encompass greases used in PREB.  
4.2 The number of lubricants, both oils and greases, used in PREB increased dramatically from the early 1940s to the mid 1990s. In the beginning of this period, petroleum products were the only widely available base stocks. Later, synthetic lubricants became available including synthetic hydrocarbons, esters, silicones, and fluorinated materials, including perfluorinated ethers and the fluorosilicones. This broad spectrum of lubricant choices has led to the use of a large number of different lubricants in PREB applications. The U.S. Department of Defense, as a user of many PREB, has seen a significant increase in the logistics effort required to support the procurement and distribution of these items. In addition, as time has passed some of the lubricants used in certain PREB are no longer available. The SRG Series, LSO-26, and Teresso V-78 are examples of such lubricants. This implies that replacement lubricants must be found as, in this era of extending the lifetime of DoD assets, stockpiles of replacement parts become depleted.  
4.3 One of the primary goals of this study was to take a broad spectrum of the lubricants used in PREB and do a comprehensive series of tests on them in order that their properties could be compared and, if necessary, potential replacement lubricants identified. This study is also meant to be a design guide for choosing lubricants for PREB applications. This guide represents a collective effort of many members of this community who span the spectrum from bearing manufacturers, original equipment manufacture...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is a tool to aid in the choice of an oil for precision rolling element bearing applications. There are two areas where this guide should have the greatest impact: (1) when a lubricant is being chosen for a new bearing application and (2) when a lubricant for a bearing has to be replaced because the original lubricant specified for the bearing can no longer be obtained. The Report (Section 5) contains a series of tests performed by the same laboratory on a wide variety of oils commonly used in bearing applications to allow comparisons of those properties of the oil that the committee thought to be most important when making a choice of lubricant. This guide contains a listing of the properties of oils by chemical type, that is, ester, silicone, and so forth. This organization is necessary since the operational requirements in a particular bearing application may limit the choice of lubricant to a particular chemical type due to its temperature stability, viscosity index or temperature-vapor pressure characteristics, and so forth. The Report includes the results of tests on the oils included in this study. The Report recommends replacement lubricants for those oils tested that are no longer available. The Report also includes a glossary of terms used in describing/discussing the lubrication of precision and instrument bearings. The Report presents a discussion of elastohydrodynamic lubrication as applied to rolling element bearings.  
1.2 Although other compendia of lubricant properties have been published, for example, the Barden Product Standard, Lubricants2 and the NASA Lubricant Handbook for the Space Industry3, none have centered their attention on lubricants commonly used in precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB put a host of unique requirements upon a lubricant. The lubricant must operate at both high and low temperatures. The lubricant must provide lubrication for months, if not years,...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers basic characteristics required for porous laminated phenolic materials intended for use as instrument and thin-section ball-bearing retainers (cages) and the methods of determining these characteristics.  
1.2 Forms—Sheets, rolled tubes, molded tubes, and rods are recommended forms of laminated material covered by this specification.  
1.3 Intended Use—Materials produced to this specification are intended for use as ball-bearing retainers (cages). Temperature range is limited to 250 °F (117 °C) and below.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers needle roller bearing assemblies that have thick outer rings, cages, rollers and inner rings. The assemblies consist of a MS51961 thick outer race needle roller bearing as specified and a corresponding MS51962 inner ring as specified. The bearings are intended to be used on unhardened shafts. MS51961 bearings without inner rings may be used directly on hardened shafts. Bearings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment. Requirements such as heat treatment of bearing and inner rings, protective coating and lubrication are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers needle roller bearing assemblies. These assemblies have thick outer rings, cages, rollers, and inner rings. The assemblies consist of a MS51961 thick outer race needle roller bearing as specified in Specification F2246 and a corresponding MS51962 inner ring as specified in Specification F2431  
1.2 The bearings being specified are intended to be used on unhardened shafts. MS51961 bearings without inner rings, as specified in Specification F2246, may be used for used directly on hardened shafts (HRC58–65; see Test Methods E18).  
1.3 Bearings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment.  
1.4 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS500072, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review Activity  
DLA-GS4  
Army –AT  
Air Force- 11, 84  
Navy-OS  
Air Force-99  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers bearings and bearing components of all material compositions and grades. It may be used to develop a process for adequately handling bearings.  
4.2 Unless the proper conditions of an adequate facility, equipment, and trained personnel are available, it may be better not to inspect the bearings in-house. The danger of contaminating and damaging the bearings may be much greater than the possibility of receiving bearings that will not function.  
4.3 Bearings are easily damaged at the customers' receiving and test areas. In most cases, bearings should be accepted based on the bearing manufacturer’s certification. Certificates of quality (conformance) supplied by the bearing manufacturer may be furnished in lieu of actual performance of such testing by the receiving activity of the bearings. The certificate shall include the name of the purchaser, contract number/PO number, name of the manufacturer or supplier, item identification, name of the material, lot number, lot size, sample size, date of testing, test method, individual test results, and the specification requirements.  
4.4 This practice does not cover clean room requirements of miniature and instrument precision bearings. These bearings require clean room environments in accordance with ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers requirements for the handling of all bearings and bearing components.  
1.2 This is a general practice. The individual bearing handling requirements shall be as specified herein or as specified in the contract or purchase order. In the event of any conflict between requirements of this practice and the individual bearing requirements of an OEM drawing, procurement specification, or other specification, the latter shall govern. Many companies, organizations, and bearing users have excellent facilities, equipment, and knowledgeable personnel for handling bearings. The thrust of this practice is for users that do not have this knowledge of bearings.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings having thick outer rings. The inner rings being specified are intended for use on unhardened shafts. Inner rings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment. Heat treatment and protective coating of the material shall meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings having thick outer rings.  
1.2 The inner rings being specified are intended for use on unhardened shafts in conjunction with the MS51961 needle roller bearings specified in Specification F2246.  
1.2.1 For needle roller bearings with thin outer rings (Specification F2162, MS17131, MS52141) use inner rings specified in Specification F2163.  
1.3 Inner rings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS51962, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review Activity  
DLA–GS4  
Army –AT  
Air Force–84  
Navy–OS  
Air Force–-99  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for standard-type needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, and with either open (Type B) or closed ends (Type M). Materials covered by this specification are needle rollers which shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, and shall be of Grade E50100 or E52100. Rings, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, with carburizing grade 4620, 4720, 8620, 8720, or 1010-1020. Needle rollers and rings shall be hardened by heat treatment, and bearings shall be coated with rust preventive film.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard-type needle roller bearings having drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, with either open or closed ends.  
1.2 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.  
1.3 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight critical systems of aircraft.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17131, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings. The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged. Bearing inner rings shall be manufactured of steel, alloy or carbon. The raceway (outside diameter) surface shall have a maximum surface roughness conforming to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings.  
1.2 The inner rings specified in this specification are intended for use on unhardened shafts in conjunction with open end needle roller bearings shown on Specification F2162 and MS52141.  
1.3 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.  
1.4 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight-critical systems of aircraft.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17130, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for ferrous and nonferrous inch balls. The balls are intended for use in bearings, bearing applications, check valves, and other components using balls. These balls are classified into fourteen kinds according to their chemical composition: Composition 1 (chrome alloy steel), Composition 2 (corrosion-resistance hardened steel), Composition 3 (carbon steel), Composition 4 (silicon molybdenum steel), Composition 5 (brass), Composition 6 (bronze), Composition 7 (aluminum bronze), Composition 8 (beryllium copper alloy), Composition 9 (nickel-copper alloy or Monel), Composition 10 (nickel-copper-aluminum alloy or K-Monel), Composition 11 (aluminum alloy), Composition 12 (tungsten carbide), Composition 13 (premium quality bearing steel or double vacuum melted M-50), and Composition 14 (corrosion resisting unhardened steel). Ball samples shall be subjected to a series of tests in order to determine the following properties: density, hardness, fracture grain size, porosity, surface roughness, decarburization, case depth, and passivation. Eddy current test, visual test, and dimensional test shall also be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for ferrous and nonferrous inch balls. The balls covered in this specification are intended for use in bearings, bearing applications, check valves, and other components using balls.  
1.2 This is a general specification. The individual item requirements shall be as specified herein in accordance with the MS sheet standards. In the event of any conflict between requirements of this specification and the MS sheet standards, the latter shall govern.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-B-1083, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Relevance of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT)—The SOT was designed to evaluate the relative degradation rates of liquid lubricants in a contact environment similar to that in an angular contact bearing operating in the boundary lubrication regime. It functions as a screening device to quickly select the lubricants, evaluate the ability of various components of a lubricant (base oil, thickener, or additive) to lubricate a contact in rolling, pivoting, and sliding conditions simultaneously, and study their chemical decomposition if necessary. The SOT provides a means to study the tribological behavior of oils and greases during operation, while they undergo changes as a function of typical parameters encountered in the lubrication field (temperature, environment, materials used, load applied, and speed). Test conclusion is defined to be when a friction coefficient limit (typically an increase of 0.1 above the steady state value) is surpassed. Normalized lubricant lifetime is then defined as the number of orbits completed divided by the initial amount of lubricant used (in μg). The SOT was initially developed to evaluate lubricants for space applications, but is also relevant for conventional environments. Some results in vacuum are presented (Fig. 1). At this time, no data for tests in ambient conditions have been published (see Fig. 2). The user of this test method should determine to their own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate with field performance or other bench test procedures.  
Bazinet, D.G., Espinosa, M.A., Loewenthal, S.H., Gschwender, L., Jones, W.R., Jr., Predmore, R.E., “Life of Scanner Bearings with Four Space Liquid Lubricants”, Proc. 37th  Aerospace Mech. Symp., Johnson Space Center, May 19-21, 2004
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the friction coefficient and the lifetime of oils and greases, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, speed, Hertzian stress, materials, temperature, and atmosphere, by means of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT). This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of the lifetimes of fluid lubricants under vacuum and ambient conditions.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers basic characteristics required for porous laminated epoxy materials intended for use as instrument and thin-section ball-bearing retainers (cages), as well as the methods of determining these characteristics. It provides guidance with respect to material and test conditioning, performance, verification, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers basic characteristics required for porous laminated Epoxy materials intended for use as instrument and thin-section ball-bearing retainers (cages) and the methods of determining these characteristics.  
1.2 Forms—Sheets and Rolled Tubes are recommended forms of laminated material covered by this specification.  
1.3 Intended Use—Materials produced to this specification are intended for use as ball bearing retainers (cages). Temperature range is limited to 284°F (140°C) and below  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to report on the testing of, to discuss and compare the properties of, and to provide guidelines for the choice of lubricating greases for precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB are, for the purposes of this guide, meant to include bearings of Annular Bearing Engineer's Committee (ABEC) 5 quality and above. This guide limits its scope to lubricating greases used in PREB.  
4.2 The number of lubricating greases used in PREB increased dramatically from the early 1940s to the mid 1990s. In the beginning of this period, petroleum products were the only widely available base stocks. Later, synthetic base oils became available. They included synthetic hydrocarbons, esters, silicones, multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MAC) and fluorinated materials, including perfluorinated ethers and the fluorosilicones. This broad spectrum of lubricant choices has led to the use of a large number of different lubricants in PREB applications. The U.S. Department of Defense, as a user of many PREB, has seen a significant increase in the logistics effort required to support the procurement and distribution of these items. In addition, as time has passed, some of the greases used in certain PREB are no longer available or require improved performances due to advanced bearing technology/requirements. This implies that replacement lubricating greases must be found, especially in this era of extending the lifetime of DoD assets, with the consequent and unprojected demand for sources of replacement parts.  
4.3 One of the primary goals of this study was to take a broad spectrum of the lubricating greases used in PREB and do a comprehensive series of tests on them in order that their properties could be compared and, if necessary, potential replacement greases be identified. This study is also meant to be a design guide for choosing lubricating greases for future PREB applications. This guide represents a collective effort of many members of this co...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is a tool to aid in the choice of lubricating grease for precision rolling element bearing applications. The recommendations in this guide are not intended for general purpose bearing applications There are two areas where this guide should have the greatest impact: (1) when lubricating grease is being chosen for a new bearing application and (2) when grease for a bearing has to be replaced because the original grease specified for the bearing can no longer be obtained. The Report (see Section 5) contains a series of tests on a wide variety of greases commonly used in bearing applications to allow comparisons of those properties of the grease that the committee thought to be most important when making a choice of lubricating grease. Each test was performed by the same laboratory. This guide contains a listing of the properties of greases by base oil type, that is, ester, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), polyalphaolefin (PAO), and so forth. This organization is necessary since the operational requirements in a particular bearing application may limit the choice of grease to a particular base oil type and thickener due to its temperature stability, viscosity index or temperature-vapor pressure characteristics, etc. The guide provides data to assist the user in selecting replacement greases for those greases tested that are no longer available. The guide also includes a glossary of terms used in describing/discussing the lubrication of precision and instrument bearings.  
1.2 The lubricating greases presented in this guide are commonly used in precision rolling element bearings (PREB). These greases were selected for the testing based on the grease survey obtained from DoD, OEM and grease manufactures and evaluated according to the test protocol that was designed by Subcommittee F34 on Tribology. This test protocol covers the essential requirements identified for precision bearing greases. The performance requirem...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers needle roller bearings having thick outer rings, with rollers and cages.  
1.2 The bearings being specified are intended to be used with hardened shafts (HRC58-65; see Test Methods E18). For use with unhardened shafts, bearings should be used in conjunction with inner bearing ring MS51962 as specified in Specification F2431 and shown as MS500072 bearing assemblies in Specification F2430.  
1.3 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.  
1.4 Bearings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.Note 1—This specification contains many of the requirements of MS51961 which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for rigid or flat seat type, two channeled race surface, thrust roller bearings intended for use in slow rotating or oscillating applications where pure thrust loads are applied. The thrust bearing shall be made of the specified high carbon chromium alloy steel. Requirements for (1) physical properties such as heat treatment, (2) dimensions and mass, and (3) surface finish are specified. Dimensions of retainer type, steering gear service and retainerless type, intermittent operation, are illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for rigid or flat seat type, two channeled race surface, thrust roller bearings.  
1.2 Intended Use—The bearings covered in this specification are intended for use in slow rotating or oscillating applications where pure thrust loads are applied.  
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17169, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing Activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities  
DLA-GS4  
Army-AT  
Army-MI  
Navy-MC  
Air Force-84  
Air Force-99  
DLA-GS4  
1.4 For design feature purposes, this specification takes precedence over procurement documents referenced herein.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms and their definitions relevant to the materials and processes associated with rolling element bearings.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for metric series, tapered roller bearings with a single row of rollers.  
1.2 Intended Use—The bearings covered in this specification are intended to be used in general industrial and vehicle applications where the operating temperature does not exceed 120°C (250°F).  
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of DS3225, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing Activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities  
DLA-GS4  
Army-AT  
Army-AV    
Navy-MC  
Navy –MC, SH  
Air Force-99  
Air Force-84  
Other-NS
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers annular ball bearings intended primarily for use in instrument and precision rotating components. Annular ball bearings for instrument and precision rotating components shall be of the following types, as specified: type I - deep groove, unflanged; type II - deep groove, flanged; type III - deep groove, unflanged, inner ring extended; type IV - deep groove, flanged, inner ring extended; type V - angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring; type VI - angular contact, flanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring on flange side; type VII - angular contact, unflanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; type VIII - angular contact, flanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; type IX - angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and stepped inner ring. Materials inspection, passivation test, visual inspection, dimensional inspections, radial internal clearance, torque test, ball quality inspection, hardness test, surface roughness test, dimensional stability test, lubricant inspection, and calibration classification inspection shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annular ball bearings intended primarily for use in instrument and precision rotating components. Instrument and precision ball bearings should meet tolerances specified in ABMA Standard 12.2, Instrument Ball Bearings Inch Design for Classes ABEC 5P and 7P.  
1.2 Intended Use—Ball bearings defined by this specification are intended for use in critical components of instrument systems. Such components range from air circulating blowers and drive motors through precision gear trains, gyro gimbals, and pickoffs to rate integrating spin-motors.  
1.3 The specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-B-81793, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Naval Air Systems Command (Navy-AS) in Lakehurst, NJ. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review activities  
Navy - AS  
Army - AT  
Army-AV  
Navy - AS  
Navy - MC, SH  
Air Force - 99  
Air Force–84  
DLA - GS  
1.4 Classification—Annular ball bearings for instrument and precision rotating components shall be of the following types, as specified:  
1.4.1 Type I—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, unflanged; (See Annex A1 – Annex A4)  
1.4.2 Type II—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, flanged; (See Annex A5 – Annex A8)  
1.4.3 Type III—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, unflanged, inner ring extended; (See Annex A9 – Annex A12)  
1.4.4 Type IV—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, deep groove, flanged, inner ring extended; (See Annex A13 – Annex A16)  
1.4.5 Type V—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring; (See Annex A17 – Annex A20)  
1.4.6 Type VI—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, flanged, nonseparable, and counterbored outer ring on flange side; (See Annex A21 – Annex A24)  
1.4.7 Type VII—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, unflanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; (See Annex A25 – Annex A28)  
1.4.8 Type VIII—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, flanged, separable, and stepped inner ring; (See Annex A29 – Annex A32)  
1.4.9 Type IX—Annular ball bearing, for instruments and precision rotating components, angular contact, unflanged, nonseparable, and stepped inner ring. (See Annex A33 – Annex A36)  
1.5 Inch-Pound Specification—This sp...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the procurement requirements for solid ferrous needle rollers, including the MS19065 spherical ended solid ferrous needle rollers, intended for use in bearings and bearing applications. Rollers shall be made of chrome alloy steel E52100, and manufactured in any of the following types: Type I—spherical end; Type II—flat end; Type III—ball end; Type IV—crankpin end; Type V—conical end; and Type VI—trunnion end. Representative rollers shall be inspected by dimensional and visual examination, surface roughness examination, hot acid etch test, decarburization test, hardness test, chemical analysis, macro-examination, austenitic grain size test, and inclusion rating test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procurement requirements for solid ferrous needle bearing rollers including the MS19065 spherical ended solid ferrous needle rollers as specified in Specification F2443.  
1.2 Intended Use—The rollers covered in this specification are intended for use in bearings and bearing applications.  
1.3 This specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-R-22440, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing Activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities  
DLA-GS4  
Army-AT  
Army-CR4  
Navy-OS  
Air Force-84  
Air Force-99  
DLA-GS4  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers needle roller bearing assemblies that have thick outer rings, cages, rollers and inner rings. The assemblies consist of a MS51961 thick outer race needle roller bearing as specified and a corresponding MS51962 inner ring as specified. The bearings are intended to be used on unhardened shafts. MS51961 bearings without inner rings may be used directly on hardened shafts. Bearings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment. Requirements such as heat treatment of bearing and inner rings, protective coating and lubrication are also discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers needle roller bearing assemblies. These assemblies have thick outer rings, cages, rollers, and inner rings. The assemblies consist of a MS51961 thick outer race needle roller bearing as specified in Specification F2246 and a corresponding MS51962 inner ring as specified in Specification F2431  
1.2 The bearings being specified are intended to be used on unhardened shafts. MS51961 bearings without inner rings, as specified in Specification F2246, may be used for used directly on hardened shafts (HRC58–65; see Test Methods E18).  
1.3 Bearings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment.  
1.4 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS500072, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review Activity  
DLA-GS4  
Army –AT  
Air Force- 11, 84  
Navy-OS  
Air Force-99  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings having thick outer rings. The inner rings being specified are intended for use on unhardened shafts. Inner rings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment. Heat treatment and protective coating of the material shall meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings having thick outer rings.  
1.2 The inner rings being specified are intended for use on unhardened shafts in conjunction with the MS51961 needle roller bearings specified in Specification F2246.  
1.2.1 For needle roller bearings with thin outer rings (Specification F2162, MS17131, MS52141) use inner rings specified in Specification F2163.  
1.3 Inner rings designed to this specification are intended for use in applications requiring high radial load with minimal angular shaft misalignment.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS51962, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center in Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review Activity  
DLA–GS4  
Army –AT  
Air Force–84  
Navy–OS  
Air Force–-99

ABSTRACT
This specification covers spherical-ended ferrous needle rollers intended for use as bearing components. Rollers shall be made of chrome alloy steel E50100, E51100, E52100, and shall conform to specified requirements for heat treatment and protective coatings. Rollers shall also meet specified values for diameter, length, and effective length in accordance with MS Part No.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ferrous needle rollers having spherical ends.  
1.2 Spherical-ended needle rollers designed to this specification are intended for use as bearing components. A complement of rollers is run on a hardened (HRC 58-65, see Test Methods E18) shaft and in a hardened (HRC 58-65) housing bore to form the bearing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This specification contains many of the requirements of MS19065, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.2    
Preparing activity  
Custodians  
Review Activities    
DLA–GS4  
Army–AT  
Navy–MC    
Navy–OS  
Air Force–84  
Air Force–99  
DLA–GS4

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers bearings and bearing components of all material compositions and grades. It may be used to develop a process for adequately handling bearings.  
4.2 Unless the proper conditions of an adequate facility, equipment, and trained personnel are available, it may be better not to inspect the bearings in-house. The danger of contaminating and damaging the bearings may be much greater than the possibility of receiving bearings that will not function.  
4.3 Bearings are easily damaged at the customers' receiving and test areas. In most cases, bearings should be accepted based on the bearing manufacturer’s certification. Certificates of quality (conformance) supplied by the bearing manufacturer may be furnished in lieu of actual performance of such testing by the receiving activity of the bearings. The certificate shall include the name of the purchaser, contract number/PO number, name of the manufacturer or supplier, item identification, name of the material, lot number, lot size, sample size, date of testing, test method, individual test results, and the specification requirements.  
4.4 This practice does not cover clean room requirements of miniature and instrument precision bearings. These bearings require clean room environments in accordance with ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers requirements for the handling of all bearings and bearing components.  
1.2 This is a general practice. The individual bearing handling requirements shall be as specified herein or as specified in the contract or purchase order. In the event of any conflict between requirements of this practice and the individual bearing requirements of an OEM drawing, procurement specification, or other specification, the latter shall govern. Many companies, organizations, and bearing users have excellent facilities, equipment, and knowledgeable personnel for handling bearings. The thrust of this practice is for users that do not have this knowledge of bearings.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers basic characteristics required for porous laminated phenolic materials intended for use as instrument and thin-section ball-bearing retainers (cages) and the methods of determining these characteristics.  
1.2 Forms—Sheets, rolled tubes, molded tubes, and rods are recommended forms of laminated material covered by this specification.  
1.3 Intended Use—Materials produced to this specification are intended for use as ball-bearing retainers (cages). Temperature range is limited to 250°F (117°C) and below.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this guide is to report on the testing of, to discuss and compare the properties of, and to provide guidelines for the choice of lubricants for precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB are, for the purposes of this guide, meant to include bearings of ABEC 5 quality and above. This guide limits its scope to oils used in PREB and is to be followed by a similar document to encompass greases used in PREB.
The number of lubricants, both oils and greases, used in PREB increased dramatically from the early 1940s to the mid 1990s. In the beginning of this period, petroleum products were the only widely available base stocks. Later, synthetic lubricants became available including synthetic hydrocarbons, esters, silicones, and fluorinated materials, including perfluorinated ethers and the fluorosilicones. This broad spectrum of lubricant choices has led to the use of a large number of different lubricants in PREB applications. The U.S. Department of Defense, as a user of many PREB, has seen a significant increase in the logistics effort required to support the procurement and distribution of these items. In addition, as time has passed some of the lubricants used in certain PREB are no longer available. The SRG Series, LSO-26, and Teresso V-78 are examples of such lubricants. This implies that replacement lubricants must be found as, in this era of extending the lifetime of DoD assets, stockpiles of replacement parts become depleted.
One of the primary goals of this study was to take a broad spectrum of the lubricants used in PREB and do a comprehensive series of tests on them in order that their properties could be compared and, if necessary, potential replacement lubricants identified. This study is also meant to be a design guide for choosing lubricants for PREB applications. This guide represents a collective effort of many members of this community who span the spectrum from bearing manufacturers, original equipment manufactures (OEMs), lubr...
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1.1 This guide is a tool to aid in the choice of an oil for precision rolling element bearing applications. There are two areas where this guide should have the greatest impact: (1) when a lubricant is being chosen for a new bearing application and (2) when a lubricant for a bearing has to be replaced because the original lubricant specified for the bearing can no longer be obtained. The Report (Section 5) contains a series of tests performed by the same laboratory on a wide variety of oils commonly used in bearing applications to allow comparisons of those properties of the oil that the committee thought to be most important when making a choice of lubricant. This guide contains a listing of the properties of oils by chemical type, that is, ester, silicone, and so forth. This organization is necessary since the operational requirements in a particular bearing application may limit the choice of lubricant to a particular chemical type due to its temperature stability, viscosity index or temperature-vapor pressure characteristics, and so forth. The Report includes the results of tests on the oils included in this study. The Report recommends replacement lubricants for those oils tested that are no longer available. The Report also includes a glossary of terms used in describing/discussing the lubrication of precision and instrument bearings. The Report presents a discussion of elastohydrodynamic lubrication as applied to rolling element bearings.
1.2 Although other compendia of lubricant properties have been published, for example, the Barden Product Standard, Lubricants and the NASA Lubricant Handbook for the Space Industry , none have centered their attention on lubricants commonly used in precision rolling element bearings (PREB). The PREB put a host of unique requirements upon a lubricant. The lubricant must operate at both high and low temperatures. The lubricant must provide lubrication for months, if not years, w...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for ferrous and nonferrous inch balls. The balls are intended for use in bearings, bearing applications, check valves, and other components using balls. These balls are classified into fourteen kinds according to their chemical composition: Composition 1 (chrome alloy steel), Composition 2 (corrosion-resistance hardened steel), Composition 3 (carbon steel), Composition 4 (silicon molybdenum steel), Composition 5 (brass), Composition 6 (bronze), Composition 7 (aluminum bronze), Composition 8 (beryllium copper alloy), Composition 9 (nickel-copper alloy or Monel), Composition 10 (nickel-copper-aluminum alloy or K-Monel), Composition 11 (aluminum alloy), Composition 12 (tungsten carbide), Composition 13 (premium quality bearing steel or double vacuum melted M-50), and Composition 14 (corrosion resisting unhardened steel). Ball samples shall be subjected to a series of tests in order to determine the following properties: density, hardness, fracture grain size, porosity, surface roughness, decarburization, case depth, and passivation. Eddy current test, visual test, and dimensional test shall also be performed.
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1.1 This specification covers requirements for ferrous and nonferrous inch balls. The balls covered in this specification are intended for use in bearings, bearing applications, check valves, and other components using balls.
1.2 This is a general specification. The individual item requirements shall be as specified herein in accordance with the Annex A2 through Annex A9 MS sheet standards. In the event of any conflict between requirements of this specification and the Annex A2 through Annex A9 MS sheet standards, the latter shall govern.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This specification contains many of the requirements of MIL-B-1083, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond. The following government activity codes may be found in the Department of Defense, Standardization Directory SD-1.  Preparing ActivityCustodiansReview Activities DLA-GSArmy-ATArmy-AV, EA, AR, MI Navy-OSNavy-SH Air Force-99Air Force- 11, 84
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications. Silicon nitride balls should be produced from either silicon nitride powder having the compositional limits from silicon metal powder.
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1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride balls Classes I, II, and III to be used for ball bearings and specialty ball applications.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

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1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings. The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged. Bearing inner rings shall be manufactured of steel, alloy or carbon. The raceway (outside diameter) surface shall have a maximum surface roughness conforming to the requirements specified.
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1.1 This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings.
1.2 The inner rings specified in this specification are intended for use on unhardened shafts in conjunction with open end needle roller bearings shown on Specification F 2162 and MS52141.
1.3 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.
1.4 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight-critical systems of aircraft.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1—This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17130, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for standard-type needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, and with either open (Type B) or closed ends (Type M). Materials covered by this specification are needle rollers which shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, and shall be of Grade E50100 or E52100. Rings, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, with carburizing grade 4620, 4720, 8620, 8720, or 1010-1020. Needle rollers and rings shall be hardened by heat treatment, and bearings shall be coated with rust preventive film.
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1.1 This specification covers standard-type needle roller bearings having drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, with either open or closed ends.
1.2 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.
1.3 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight critical systems of aircraft.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1—This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17131, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

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1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the friction coefficient and the lifetime of oils and greases, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, speed, Hertzian stress, materials, temperature, and atmosphere, by means of the Spiral Orbit Tribometer (SOT). This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of the lifetimes of fluid lubricants under vacuum and ambient conditions.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.