ISO/TC 287 - Sustainable processes for wood and wood-based products

This document establishes a process to measure wood being logged in native tropical forest management areas following an approved and documented plan. Such a process includes quantifying and monitoring the harvested area to support the chain of custody assessment, helping to ensure the origin of the logged wood. Wood volume measurement is outside the scope of this document. This document proposes indicators that can be used to reinforce the level of confidence with regards to the correct origin of the logged wood, particularly when assessing the transport and commercial documentation of wood-based products, by means of a consistency check with what can be observed as occurring in the forest area declared as the origin of native tropical timber. The indicators will serve as an alert of any eventual inconsistency detected. These indicators are obtained by means of standardized metrics. These metrics are mathematical models that establish a correlation between the area of subtracted vegetation – detected through remote sensing monitoring tools – and the number of extracted trees that generate the amount of declared logged wood. This document is intended to be used to quantify the impact resulting from native vegetation extraction by selective logging in various tropical forest regions of the world, in order to support the long-term maintenance of these forest assets. The scope of this document is limited to native tropical forests, i.e. forests naturally originated and formed by native species (or group) in tropical regions. This document does not apply to planted forests, regardless of the species (or group) being native or exotic, as those forests are subject to varied and particular management practices which depend on the geographical conditions and rules of the country in which they are located. Regarding the limitations of this document, it is not intended to ensure: — exact origin (geographical coordinates) of each log; — exact volumes of wood extracted from the forest; — species (or group) of wood harvested; — chain of custody compliance; — social and labour compliance of the audited operation; — tax compliance of the audited operation. This document does not focus on, and is not oriented towards, biomass and carbon-balance estimations. This document does not cover any aspects of sustainable forest management and focuses on measurement procedures described above. In addition, it is not intended to be a Management Systems Standard (MSS). Furthermore, the national legal requirements and international policies are not repeated in this document, including those related to sustainability aspects, as well as those related to traditional and indigenous communities contained in the principles/articles of the UN Declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).

This document provides examples and background literature for identifying and calculating greenhouse gas displacement potential for wood-based products as defined in ISO 13391-3:2025, including the calculation of displacement factors. This document also provides a review of considerations for further analyses that address the impact of these potentials over time in a broader economy setting.

This document provides background information, methods and examples of calculating contributions to carbon stored in wood-based products (harvested wood products, HWP), including storage resulting from HWPs in landfill and bio-CCS, as defined in ISO 13391-1:2025. It includes background to the tier 1 HWP coefficients for various wood-based product categories defined in ISO 13391-1:2025.

This document provides a methodology for calculating the carbon balance of (a) forest management unit(s) (FMU). This quantification methodology is intended to demonstrate to what extent carbon pools in the FMU represent a net greenhouse gas sink or a net greenhouse gas source. This document provides information that can be used on organizational or aggregated product levels. This calculation methodology considers: — the geographical scale of the FMU; — forest management practices; — land ownership arrangements; — time periods; — the use of forest inventory data and other data sources for determining the forest carbon balance; and — allocation of forest carbon balance to wood that has been sourced in FMU(s). Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels or industrial processes related to forestry operations (e.g. production and distribution of fertilizers, fuels for machinery) are not included in this document. NOTE 1 Greenhouse gas emissions related to forestry operations are covered in ISO 13391-1. The quantity of wood entering the harvested wood products carbon pool is not included in this document. NOTE 2 Material entering the harvested wood products carbon pool is calculated in ISO 13391-1. This document is intended to be used by organizations seeking to understand, commit to or contribute to climate change mitigation. These organizations can be either private or public, regardless of type or size, and located in any jurisdiction or any position within a specific value chain.

This document specifies how to calculate the greenhouse gas dynamics of a set of wood and wood-based products on the organizational or aggregated level (the area of study). It includes the greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas removals, or carbon pools related to: — one or multiple forest management unit(s), — harvested wood product(s), — value chain(s), and — potential displacement of greenhouse gas emissions from alternative products replaced by wood-based products. Together, these four components represent the greenhouse gas dynamics of a set of wood and wood-based products. This document sets general requirements and provides overarching terminology. This document specifies the different components of a greenhouse gas dynamics calculation. This document includes information on how claims and declarations can be communicated based on this document, both within the value chain and to customers and consumers. This document is intended to be used by organizations seeking to understand, commit to or contribute to climate change mitigation. These organizations can be either private or public, regardless of type or size, and located in any jurisdiction or any position within a specific value chain.

This document provides a methodology for determining the greenhouse gas emissions from alternative products (or a representative mix of alternative products). It also provides a methodology for calculating the displacement potential for wood and wood-based products. NOTE "Emissions from alternative products" is a term defined in ISO 13391-1. This document also deals with situations that do not lead to displacement. This document is intended to be used by organizations seeking to understand, commit to or contribute to climate change mitigation. These organizations can be either private or public, regardless of type or size, and located in any jurisdiction or any position within a specific value chain.

This document specifies requirements for a chain of custody (CoC) of wood and wood-based products, cork and lignified materials other than wood, such as bamboo, and their products. NOTE The term "material" will henceforth be used throughout this document to denote "raw materials and products from wood, cork and lignified materials other than wood, such as bamboo", as defined in 3.8. This document is applicable to material that originates from different categories of input material and can be derived from mechanical, chemical, biological and/or thermal processing or a combination thereof. A chain of custody relies on a control system to track and handle material throughout the entire supply chain or parts of the supply chain, including transportation, receipt, production, sale, resale and output declaration. This document is intended to enable tracking of material from different categories of source to finished products. Furthermore, this document also specifies minimum requirements for input material. This document is not applicable to forest management.