ASTM G156-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Selecting and Characterizing Weathering Reference Materials
Standard Practice for Selecting and Characterizing Weathering Reference Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Weathering reference materials are used in laboratory accelerated exposure tests to verify consistency of tests run within the same instrument at different times (repeatability) or in different instruments or different laboratories (reproducibility), using the same exposure conditions, or both. Specifications defining consistency of exposure conditions are based on the property change of a reference material after a defined period of time. Some weathering reference materials are used to define periods of exposure. Specifications recommending the use of these materials require the material to be exposed until a defined change in the weathering reference material is achieved. Specifications are usually based on results for a single lot of the weathering reference material. When a new lot of the reference material is introduced, round-robin studies are necessary to compare the new and old lots and to establish appropriate limits for expected performance of the new lot.
Note 2: An example of the use of a clear polystyrene reference standard for this purpose is given in SAE J2412 and SAE J2527.
Note 3: Some weathering reference materials (for example blue wools) are also used to define periods of exposure. Although not specifically covered by this standard, the procedures described for characterizing a reference material used to monitor consistency of exposures are also generally applicable to characterizing reference materials used to define periods of exposure.
4.2 It is important to test the consistency of exposure in the laboratory accelerated device with a weathering reference material that responds to the test conditions similar to the way the test materials respond. Therefore, the weathering reference material should be sensitive to the spectral region of the light source mainly responsible for producing degradation in the test materials to provide the most meaningful evaluation of exposure test consistency. The weathering reference material should also...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes the criteria to be used for selection of a weathering reference material (WRM) and procedures to be used for determining within lab and between lab tolerances of changes in measured properties of weathering reference materials. This standard also describes a procedure for comparing different lots of the same type of a weathering reference material.
Note 1: Examples of laboratory accelerated tests in which a weathering reference material could be used to monitor consistency are exposure tests such as those described in Practices G152, G153, G154, and G155and other standards in which tests conducted according to these standards are referenced. Examples of outdoor exposures where a weathering reference material could be used to monitor consistency are those conducted according to Practices G7, G24, or G90. A reference material can also be used to monitor consistency of exposure or conditioning test that do not involve exposure to light.
1.2 Weathering reference materials are most often used to (1) monitor consistency (that is, repeatability, reproducibility, or both) of exposure tests, (2) to determine the time or radiant exposure at which test materials are evaluated, (3) as a reference material for comparing to test materials exposed at the same time. Weathering reference materials cannot be used to classify or characterize the relative severity of any exposure test because of the large variability in material responses to the effects of light, heat, and water.
1.3 This practice does not cover control materials which, by definition are selected to be of similar composition and construction to the test materials, and are exposed at the same time as test materials.
1.4 This practice provides an outline of experiments required to determine how the measured properties of the reference material change as a function of exposure to specified test conditions. It includes establishment of re...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G156 − 17
Standard Practice for
Selecting and Characterizing Weathering Reference
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope region in the light source causing the changes, and effects of
other critical exposure stresses such as temperature and mois-
1.1 This standard describes the criteria to be used for
ture.
selection of a weathering reference material (WRM) and
procedures to be used for determining within lab and between
2. Referenced Documents
labtolerancesofchangesinmeasuredpropertiesofweathering
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reference materials. This standard also describes a procedure
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
for comparing different lots of the same type of a weathering
ASTM Test Methods
reference material.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
NOTE 1—Examples of laboratory accelerated tests in which a weather-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ing reference material could be used to monitor consistency are exposure
E1169Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
tests such as those described in Practices G152, G153, G154, and
G7Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
G155and other standards in which tests conducted according to these
standards are referenced. Examples of outdoor exposures where a weath- ing of Nonmetallic Materials
ering reference material could be used to monitor consistency are those
G24Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered
conducted according to Practices G7, G24,or G90. A reference material
Through Glass
can also be used to monitor consistency of exposure or conditioning test
G90Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-
that do not involve exposure to light.
ing of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural
1.2 Weathering reference materials are most often used to
Sunlight
(1) monitor consistency (that is, repeatability, reproducibility,
G113Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificialWeath-
or both) of exposure tests, (2) to determine the time or radiant
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
exposure at which test materials are evaluated, (3) as a
G152Practice for Operating Open Flame CarbonArc Light
reference material for comparing to test materials exposed at
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
the same time. Weathering reference materials cannot be used
G153Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light
to classify or characterize the relative severity of any exposure
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
testbecauseofthelargevariabilityinmaterialresponsestothe
G154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)
effects of light, heat, and water.
Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G155Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus for
1.3 Thispracticedoesnotcovercontrolmaterialswhich,by
definition are selected to be of similar composition and Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
G178Practice for Determining theActivation Spectrum of a
construction to the test materials, and are exposed at the same
time as test materials. Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source)
Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Tech-
1.4 This practice provides an outline of experiments re-
nique
quired to determine how the measured properties of the
2.2 SAE Standard:
referencematerialchangeasafunctionofexposuretospecified
SAE J2527,Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior
test conditions. It includes establishment of reproducible mea-
Materials using a Controlled Irradiance Water-Cooled
surement procedures, determination of the critical spectral
3
Xenon Arc Apparatus
1 2
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeG03onWeathering For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.01 on Joint contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Weathering Projects. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as G156–09. DOI: Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
10.1520/G0156-17. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM Internationa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G156 − 09 G156 − 17
Standard Practice for
Selecting and Characterizing Weathering Reference
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard describes the criteria to be used for selection of a weathering reference material (WRM) and procedures to
be used for determining within lab and between lab tolerances of changes in measured properties of aweathering reference
materials. This standard also describes a procedure for comparing different lots of the same type of a weathering reference material.
NOTE 1—Examples of laboratory accelerated tests in which a weathering reference material could be used to monitor consistency are exposure tests
such as those described in Practices G152, G153, G154, and G155and other standards in which tests conducted according to these standards are
referenced. Examples of outdoor exposures where a weathering reference material could be used to monitor consistency are those conducted according
to Practices G7, G24, or G90. A reference material can also be used to monitor consistency of exposure or conditioning test that do not involve exposure
to light.
1.2 Weathering reference materials are most often used to (1) monitor consistency of conditions in (that is, repeatability,
reproducibility, or both) of exposure tests, (2) to determine the time or radiant exposure at which test materials are evaluated, (3)
as a reference material for comparing to test materials exposed at the same time. Weathering reference materials cannot be used
to classify or characterize the relative severity of any exposure test because of the large variability in material responses to the
effects of light, heat, and water.
1.3 This practice does not cover control materials which, by definition are selected to be of similar composition and construction
to the test materials, and are exposed at the same time as test materials.
1.4 This practice provides an outline of experiments required to determine how the measured properties of the reference material
change as a function of exposure to specified test conditions. It includes establishment of reproducible measurement procedures,
determination of the critical spectral region in the light source causing the changes, and effects of other critical exposure stresses
such as temperature and moisture.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass
G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
G178 Practice for Determining the Activation Spectrum of a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source) Using the
Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Technique
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.01 on Joint
Weathering Projects.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2017. Published July 2009February 2017. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
G156–02.–09. DOI: 10.1520/G0156-09.10.1520/G0156-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
...
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