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ASTM D4584-05(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent pH of Electrocoat Baths

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent pH of Electrocoat Baths

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The pH is the measure of the free hydrogen ion concentration of a sample, and it indicates whether an electrocoat bath is acidic, neutral, or basic. Since pH measurements of good precision are made in aqueous solutions, it is suggested that the pH measurements of electrocoat baths are only semi-quantitative, and therefore such measurements should be referred to as apparent pH measurements.  
4.2 The pH of electrocoat paints is used for research, production, and quality control or electrocoat bath process control.  
4.3 Other related methods for determining the pH of water or aqueous systems are described in Test Methods D1293 and E70.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the free hydrogen ion concentration of electrocoat baths and their ultrafiltrates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E70-24 - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Refers
ASTM E70-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM D1293-12 - Standard Test Methods for pH of Water
Effective Date
01-Jan-2012
Refers
ASTM D1193-06 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Refers
ASTM D1293-99(2005) - Standard Test Methods for pH of Water
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Refers
ASTM D1293-99 - Standard Test Methods for pH of Water
Effective Date
10-Dec-1999
Refers
ASTM D1193-99 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999
Refers
ASTM D1193-99e1 - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999

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ASTM D4584-05(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent pH of Electrocoat BathsASTM D4584-05(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent pH of Electrocoat Baths
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ASTM D4584-05(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent pH of Electrocoat Baths
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4584 − 05 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Apparent pH of Electrocoat Baths
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the free 4.1 The pH is the measure of the free hydrogen ion
hydrogen ion concentration of electrocoat baths and their concentration of a sample, and it indicates whether an electro-
ultrafiltrates. coatbathisacidic,neutral,orbasic.SincepHmeasurementsof
good precision are made in aqueous solutions, it is suggested
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
that the pH measurements of electrocoat baths are only
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
semi-quantitative, and therefore such measurements should be
standard.
referred to as apparent pH measurements.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The pH of electrocoat paints is used for research,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
production, and quality control or electrocoat bath process
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
control.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Other related methods for determining the pH of water
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or aqueous systems are described in Test Methods D1293 and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E70.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 pH Meter.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.2 Glass and Reference Electrodes.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Due to the polarity of electrocoat materials it is desirable to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
useaseparatesetofelectrodesforeachbathpolarity,cathodicandanodic,
D1193Specification for Reagent Water because a bath of opposite polarity poisons the electrodes. A desired
practice is to rinse the electrodes after each measurement with an
D1293Test Methods for pH of Water
appropriate solvent for the electrocoat material.
E70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
Glass Electrode 5.3 Thermometer, capable of 0.5°C accuracy with a −2 to
32°C range.
E180Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
6. Reagents
6.1 Reference Standard Solutions, commercial standards of
3. Summary of Test Method
pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0.
3.1 Aspecimen of a well-agitated electrocoat bath is placed
6.2 Purity of Water—References to water shall be under-
in a stirrer-equipped container and the pH measured with a pH
stood to mean water conforming to Type II of Specification
meter and associated glass and reference electrodes.
D1193.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
7. Sampling and Sample Preparation
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
7.1 The sample should be obtained while the electrocoat
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4584–05 (2015). DOI:
bath is under proper circulation so that a uniform material is
10.1520/D4584-05R22.
obtained. In case of an ultrafiltrate, the material should be
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
thoroughly mixed or stirred prior to sampling to assure
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on uniformity.
the ASTM website.
3 7.2 After sampling and prior to removing a test specimen it
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. is mandatory that the sample be shaken or stirred until it is
Copyright © ASTM
...

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ASTM D6492-99(2022)(Practice)
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ABSTRACT
This practice can be used for detection of hexavalent chromium on galvanized and zinc/aluminum alloy coated steel surfaces. Hexavalent chromium-bearing treatments (passivates) can be applied to coated steels to prevent storage stain. Chrome passivation may interfere with the successful pretreatment of galvanized steel, as well as contaminate cleaning and pretreatment baths on a coil coating line. This practice is designed to be a qualitative means of screening chrome passivated coils from those which are not chrome passivated. The following materials will be required to perform the stripping procedure: (1) dark colored or brown polyethylene wash bottle, or brown glass dropper bottle, and (2) test specimens which may be cut panels or coil stock. The following chemical reagents are required to perform this procedure: 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide, acetone, ethanol, phosphoric acid, and distilled water. The preparation of indicator solution, procedure of detection, and evaluation of pink color development are detailed. If a material that yields a negative result is suspected of having chromium on the surface, instrumental methods should be used. This technique is not recommended for acrylic resin containing passivation treatments.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice can be used to detect the presence of hexavalent chromium on galvanized and zinc/aluminum alloy coated steel surfaces. Hexavalent chromium-bearing treatments (passivates) can be applied to coated steels to prevent storage stain. While passivated 55 % aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel is commonly painted, passivated galvanized steel is not. Chrome passivation may interfere with the successful pretreatment of galvanized steel, as well as contaminate cleaning and pretreatment baths on a coil coating line.  
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4.1 This practice describes the methods of preparation of hot-dip galvanized surfaces prior to the application of powder coating. The key to achieving proper adhesion between powder coatings and galvanized steel is surface preparation. The surface must be entirely free from visible metal oxides prior to powder coating. Any metal oxides that remain on the surface of the galvanized steel can potentially retain air or moisture. Upon heating during the curing stages of the powder application, the oxides may release water vapor or air, which can expand and penetrate the powder coating, causing blisters or voids.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
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4.1 Different electroplating systems can be corroded under the same conditions for the same length of time. Differences in the average values of the radius or half-width or of penetration into an underlying metal layer are significant measures of the relative corrosion resistance of the systems. Thus, if the pit radii are substantially higher on samples with a given electroplating system, when compared to other systems, a tendency for earlier failure of the former by formation of visible pits is indicated. If penetration into the semi-bright nickel layer is substantially higher, a tendency for earlier failure by corrosion of basis metal is evident.
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20.1 This test method covers determination of the total tin in the sample tested and does not apportion the tin to one or the other side of the test specimen. The calculations appearing in Section 27 assume uniform distribution of tin over the two surfaces.  
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments

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5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE 4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
Note 1: Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.2
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4.1 Porosity tests indicate the completeness of protection or coverage offered by the coating. When a given coating is known to be protective when properly deposited, the porosity serves as a measure of the control of the process. The effects of substrate finish and preparation, plating bath, coating process, and handling, may all affect the degree of imperfection that is measured.
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4.2 The tests in this guide involve corrosion reactions in which the products delineate pores in coatings. Since the chemistry and properties of these products may not resemble those found in service environments, these tests are not recommended for prediction of product performance unless correlation is first established with service experience.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes some of the available standard methods for the detection, identification, and measurement of porosity and gross defects in electrodeposited and related metallic coatings and provides some laboratory-type evaluations and acceptances. Some applications of the test methods are tabulated in Table 1 and Table 2.    
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