ASTM D6131-97

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Relative Tint Undertone of Titanium Dioxide Pigments

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments. This relates to the effective particle size of the pigment. It is based upon tinting with a black iron oxide, but other blacks may be used if found suitable.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-1997
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6131-97(2004) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Relative Tint Undertone of Titanium Dioxide Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6131 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Relative Tint Undertone of Titanium Dioxide
Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6131; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope treated identically. The resultant grey pastes are applied to
glass cover slips and read instrumentally. These readings are
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the
then used to to calculate the yellowness index.
tint undertone (blue or yellow) of titanium dioxide pigments.
This relates to the effective particle size of the pigment. It is
5. Significance and Use
based upon tinting with a black iron oxide, but other blacks
5.1 This test method allows the user to make a quick
may be used if found suitable.
determination of the blueness or yellowness of the tint under-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tone of titanium dioxide pigments, versus a reference pigment
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
agreed upon by the parties to the test. This is an important
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measure of tone, since it gives both a measure of effective
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
particle size, and quick approximation of the blue/yellow
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
undertone that can be expected when a coating containing the
2. Referenced Documents titanium dioxide is tinted.
5.2 Such matters as the vehicle for preparing the disper-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sions, and the black for tinting have been suggested. However,
D 16 Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquers and
changes in the components may be made by agreement
Related Products
between the buyer and the seller.
D 2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
5.3 The results obtained with a mechanical muller do not
Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
necessarily correlate directly with a practice where different
E 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
dispersion conditions exist. However, dispersion with a me-
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
chanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way of evaluating
E 1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
2 the undertone of a titanium dioxide pigment.
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
6. Apparatus
surement of Object-Color Specimens by Tristimulus (Fil-
2 6.1 Balances, meeting the requirements of Test Method
ter) Colorimetry
D 2745.
E 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color Using
2 6.2 Mechanical Muller, equipped with ground-glass plates
Bidirectional Geometry
to which a variable but known force may be added in 220–N
3. Terminology increments. The driven glass plate shall have a speed of
rotation of between 70 and 120 r/min and the apparatus shall
3.1 Any special terms used in this test method can be found
have an arrangement for presetting the number of revolutions
in Terminology D 16.
in multiples of 50.
4. Summary of Test Method 6.3 Rubbing Surfaces, meeting the requirements of Test
Method D 2745.
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are dispersed in a black paste
6.4 Small Glass Slab, meeting the requirements of Test
with a mechanical muller. Test and reference pigments are
Method D 2745.
6.5 Spatula, meeting the requirements of Test Method
D 2745.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
6.6 Glass Cover Slips, No. 2 thickness, 45 by 50 mm.
and
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