ASTM D4764-01(2016)

Standard Test Method for Determination by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Titanium Dioxide Content in Paint

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are components with high refractive index that significantly influence the opacity, color, durability, and other properties of coatings. This test method for determining titanium dioxide content is quicker and easier to use than Test Methods D1394, a wet chemical analysis method for pigments. It is conveniently applicable to single samples and to large numbers of samples. Only a single relatively stable reagent used to prepare standards and paints under test need be stored. Drawdown specimens used as standards, once prepared, can be stored indefinitely and used repeatedly.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium dioxide content in liquid paint. This test method is applicable to both water-reducible and solvent-reducible paints.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2016
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4764 − 01 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Determination by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy of
1
Titanium Dioxide Content in Paint
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4764; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium 3.1 Paint containing a known amount of titanium dioxide is
dioxide content in liquid paint. This test method is applicable used as the reference standard. A solution of tetraethylammo-
to both water-reducible and solvent-reducible paints. nium bromide in 2-ethoxyethanol is added to the standard paint
and to each paint being analyzed. Drawdown films of the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard and test paint are made on thin plastic sheets. The
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
intensities of key X-ray fluorescence peaks of titanium and
only.
bromine are measured. The titanium dioxide content is deter-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mined by comparing the ratio of the intensities of titanium and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bromine peaks in the test paint and the standard. Differences in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the nonvolatile content of the paints are taken into account in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the calculation of results.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
4. Significance and Use
statements are given in Section 7.
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are components with high
2. Referenced Documents
refractive index that significantly influence the opacity, color,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: durability, and other properties of coatings. This test method
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water for determining titanium dioxide content is quicker and easier
D1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Tita- to use than Test Methods D1394, a wet chemical analysis
nium Pigments method for pigments. It is conveniently applicable to single
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings samples and to large numbers of samples. Only a single
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related relatively stable reagent used to prepare standards and paints
Pigmented Coatings under test need be stored. Drawdown specimens used as
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and standards, once prepared, can be stored indefinitely and used
3
repeatedly.
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
5. Apparatus
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
5.1 X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, suitable for measure-
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
ment of the baseline corrected intensity of the Kα lines of
titanium and of bromine. For spectrometers equipped with a
1 tungsten or chromium target and a lithium fluoride (200)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of analyzing crystal, these lines are observed at 2θ angles of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
86.09° and 29.97°, respectively.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4764 – 01 (2012).
NOTE 1—Follow the recommendations of the manufacturer of the
DOI: 10.1520/D4764-01R16.
instrument used. Use operating conditions that ensure that the count rate
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
for bromine and titanium are within the linear response range of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
detector. Although the base operating conditions and count rate may be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
different for different instruments, these differences will not affect the
the ASTM website.
outcome of the analysis.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.ast-
m.org. 5.2 Paint Shaker.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4764 − 01 (2016)
5.3 Film Applicator, to produce a 75-µm (3-mil) wet film “X-ray Recommendations of the International Roentgen Ray
6
thickness. Committee on X-ray Protection,” the manufac
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4764 − 01 (Reapproved 2012) D4764 − 01 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Determination by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy of
1
Titanium Dioxide Content in Paint
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4764; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium dioxide content in liquid paint. This test method is applicable to both
water-reducible and solvent-reducible paints.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Titanium Pigments
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
3
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Paint containing a known amount of titanium dioxide is used as the reference standard. A solution of tetraethylammonium
bromide in 2-ethoxyethanol is added to the standard paint and to each paint being analyzed. Drawdown films of the standard and
test paint are made on thin plastic sheets. The intensities of key X-ray fluorescence peaks of titanium and bromine are measured.
The titanium dioxide content is determined by comparing the ratio of the intensities of titanium and bromine peaks in the test paint
and the standard. Differences in the nonvolatile content of the paints are taken into account in the calculation of results.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Titanium dioxide pigments are components with high refractive index that significantly influence the opacity, color,
durability, and other properties of coatings. This test method for determining titanium dioxide content is quicker and easier to use
than Test Methods D1394, a wet chemical analysis method for pigments. It is conveniently applicable to single samples and to large
numbers of samples. Only a single relatively stable reagent used to prepare standards and paints under test need be stored.
Drawdown specimens used as standards, once prepared, can be stored indefinitely and used repeatedly.
5. Apparatus
5.1 X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, suitable for measurement of the baseline corrected intensity of the Kα lines of titanium
and of bromine. For spectrometers equipped with a tungsten or chromium target and a lithium fluoride (200) analyzing crystal,
these lines are observed at 2θ angles of 86.09° and 29.97°, respectively.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2012December 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D4764 – 01 (2006).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D4764-01R12.10.1520/D4764-01R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4764 − 01 (2016)
NOTE 1—Follow the recommendations of the manufacturer of the instrument used. Use operating conditions that ensure that the count rate for bromine
and titanium are within the linear response range of the detector. Altho
...