ASTM E398-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Sheet Materials Using Dynamic Relative Humidity Measurement
Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Sheet Materials Using Dynamic Relative Humidity Measurement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 No single set of test conditions can represent all climatic and use conditions, so this WVTR test method serves more to compare different materials at a stated set of conditions than to predict their actual performance in the field under any conditions.
5.2 The water vapor transmission rate, under known and carefully controlled conditions, may be used to evaluate the vapor barrier qualities of a sheet. Direct correlation of values obtained under different conditions of test temperature and relative humidity will be valid provided the barrier material under test does not undergo changes in solid state (such as a crystalline transition or melting point) at or between the conditions of test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers dynamic evaluation of the rate of transfer of water vapor through a flexible barrier material and allows conversion to the generally recognized units of water vapor transmission (WVT) as obtained by various other test methods including the gravimetric method described in Test Methods E96/E96M.
1.2 Limitations—This test method is limited to flexible barrier sheet materials composed of either completely hydrophobic materials, or combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials having at least one surface that is hydrophobic.
1.3 The minimum test value obtained by this test method is limited by the leakage of water vapor past the clamping seals of the test instrument. A reasonable value may be approximately 0.01 g/24 h·m 2 for any WVTR method including the desiccant procedure of Test Methods E96/E96M at 37.8°C, and 90 % relative humidity. This limit can be checked for each instrument with an impervious specimen such as aluminum foil. Calibration procedures can compensate for the leakage rate if so stated.
1.4 This test method is not suitable for referee testing at this time, but is suitable for control testing and material comparison.
1.5 Several other ASTM test methods are available to test a similar property. This test method is unique in that it closely duplicates typical product storage where a transfer of moisture from a package into the environment is allowed to proceed without constantly sweeping the environmental side with dry gas. Methods with constantly swept dry sides include Test Methods F1249, F372, and F1770.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E398 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Sheet Materials Using
1
Dynamic Relative Humidity Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers dynamic evaluation of the rate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of transfer of water vapor through a flexible barrier material
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and allows conversion to the generally recognized units of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water vapor transmission (WVT) as obtained by various other
test methods including the gravimetric method described in
2. Referenced Documents
Test Methods E96/E96M.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Limitations—This test method is limited to flexible
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
barrier sheet materials composed of either completely hydro-
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
phobic materials, or combinations of hydrophobic and hydro-
Materials
philic materials having at least one surface that is hydrophobic.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.3 The minimum test value obtained by this test method is
ASTM Test Methods
limited by the leakage of water vapor past the clamping seals
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of the test instrument. A reasonable value may be approxi-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2
mately 0.01 g/24 h·m for any WVTR method including the
F17 Terminology Relating to Flexible Barrier Packaging
desiccant procedure ofTest Methods E96/E96M at 37.8°C, and
F372 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate of
90 % relative humidity. This limit can be checked for each
Flexible Barrier Materials Using an Infrared Detection
3
instrument with an impervious specimen such as aluminum
Technique (Withdrawn 2009)
foil. Calibration procedures can compensate for the leakage
F1249 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate
rate if so stated.
Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated
Infrared Sensor
1.4 This test method is not suitable for referee testing at this
F1770 Test Method for Evaluation of Solubility, Diffusivity,
time, but is suitable for control testing and material compari-
and Permeability of Flexible Barrier Materials to Water
son.
3
Vapor (Withdrawn 2004)
1.5 Several otherASTM test methods are available to test a
similar property. This test method is unique in that it closely
3. Terminology
duplicates typical product storage where a transfer of moisture
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms concerning the
from a package into the environment is allowed to proceed
transmission of water vapor refer to Terminologies C168 and
without constantly sweeping the environmental side with dry
F17.
gas. Methods with constantly swept dry sides include Test
Methods F1249, F372, and F1770.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 Thespecimenismountedbetweentwochambers,oneof
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
relatively high relative humidity and the other of relatively low
standard.
relative humidity. After conditioning and isolation of
chambers, the rate at which the moisture increases within the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
2
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Permeation. A previous version was under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
C16. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally the ASTM website.
ϵ1 3
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E398 – 03(2009) . The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/E0398-13. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E398 − 13
FIG. 1 Sectional Diagram of a Typical Test Chamber Using Relative Humidity Sensing
relatively low relative humidity chamber over a predetermined spacing 8 mm or less, between the water source and the
range of inte
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E398 − 03 (Reapproved 2009) E398 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Sheet Materials Using
1
Dynamic Relative Humidity Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Units information was revised editorially in May 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers dynamic evaluation of the rate of transfer of water vapor through a flexible barrier material and
allows conversion to the generally recognized units of water vapor transmission (WVT) as obtained by various other test methods
including the gravimetric method described in Test Methods E96/E96M.
1.2 Limitations—This test method is limited to flexible barrier sheet materials composed of either completely hydrophobic
materials, or combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials having at least one surface that is hydrophobic.
1.3 The minimum test value obtained by this test method is limited by the leakage of water vapor past the clamping seals of
2
the test instrument. A reasonable value may be approximately 0.01 g/24 h·m for any WVTR method including the desiccant
procedure of Test Methods E96/E96M at 37.8°C, and 90 % relative humidity. This limit can be checked for each instrument with
an impervious specimen such as aluminum foil. Calibration procedures can compensate for the leakage rate if so stated.
1.4 This test method is not suitable for referee testing at this time, but is suitable for control testing and material comparison.
1.5 Several other ASTM test methods are available to test a similar property. This test method is unique in that it closely
duplicates typical product storage where a transfer of moisture from a package into the environment is allowed to proceed without
constantly sweeping the environmental side with dry gas. Methods with constantly swept dry sides include Test Methods F1249,
F372, and F1770.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F17 Terminology Relating to Flexible Barrier Packaging
F372 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Flexible Barrier Materials Using an Infrared Detection Technique
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
F1249 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor
F1770 Test Method for Evaluation of Solubility, Diffusivity, and Permeability of Flexible Barrier Materials to Water Vapor
3
(Withdrawn 2004)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on Permeation.
A previous version was under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2013. Published June 2009November 2013. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
ϵ1
E398 – 03.E398 – 03(2009) . DOI: 10.1520/E0398-03R09E01.10.1520/E0398-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E398 − 13
FIG. 1 Sectional Diagram of a Typical Test Chamber Using Relative Humidity Sensing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms concerning the transmission of water vapor ref
...
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