ASTM D1735-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.
4.2 Water fog tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination, but the degree of failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.
4.3 Results obtained from the use of water fog tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.
4.4 The test apparatus is similar to that used in Practice B117, and the conversion of the apparatus from salt spray to water fog testing is feasible. Care should be taken to remove all traces of the salt from the cabinet and reservoir when converting from salt spray to water fog testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatus similar to that used for salt spray testing.
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water fog tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
Note 1: Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1735 − 21
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Related Coating Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
Steel Surfaces
procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
apparatus similar to that used for salt spray testing.
Paints
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
water fog tests. It does not specify specimen preparation,
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
Using Water Immersion
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
only. Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
100 % Relative Humidity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ence With a Gray Scale
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Portable Adhesion Testers
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Using Controlled Condensation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Summary of Practice
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Coated specimens are placed in an enclosed chamber to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
permitfreesettlingoffogonallspecimens.Thetemperatureof
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
the chamber is usually maintained at 38 °C (100 °F). The
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
exposure condition is varied by selecting the duration of the
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
test. Water permeates the coating at rates that are dependent
upon the characteristics of the coating. Any effects such as
color change, blisters, loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittle-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
ment are observed and reported.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
4. Significance and Use
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1735 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D1735-21.
4.1 Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowl-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
edge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
service life. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself,
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D17
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1735 − 14 D1735 − 21
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatus
similar to that used for salt spray testing.
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water fog
tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating
Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved June 15, 2014Nov. 1, 2021. Published July 2014November 2021. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
D1735 – 08.D1735 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D1735-14.10.1520/D1735-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1735 − 21
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Coated specimens are placed in an enclosed chamber to permit free settling of fog on all specimens. The temperature of the
chamber is usually maintained at 38°C (100°F).38 °C (100 °F). The exposure condition is varied by selecting the duration of the
test. Water permeates the coating at rates that are dependent upon the characteristics of the coating. Any effects such as color
change, blisters, loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and reported.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Wa
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