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ASTM B893-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications

Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrolytically formed oxide coatings on magnesium and magnesium alloy parts where appearance, abrasion resistance, and protection against corrosion are important.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2023
ICS
25.220.20 - Surface treatment
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.07 - Conversion Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM B893-23 - Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering ApplicationsASTM B893-23 - Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
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REDLINE ASTM B893-23 - Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering ApplicationsREDLINE ASTM B893-23 - Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
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REDLINE ASTM B893-23 - Standard Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B893 − 23
Standard Specification for
Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrolyti-
B762 Guide of Variables Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic
cally formed oxide coatings on magnesium and magnesium
Coatings
alloy parts where appearance, abrasion resistance, and protec-
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
tion against corrosion are important.
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
specification see Terminology B374.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 anodizing—an electrolytic oxidation process in which
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the surface of a metal, when anodic, is converted to a coating
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
having desirable protective or functional properties.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.1.3 hard coat—in anodizing magnesium, an anodic oxide
coating on magnesium with a higher apparent density and
2. Referenced Documents
thickness, and a greater resistance to wear than the base metal.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Classification
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic
4.1 Coating Designation—Thickness.
Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive
4.1.1 Minimum thickness of 20 μm.
Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-
4.2 TYPE—Post treatments.
Current Instruments
4.2.1 TYPE A—No post treatment.
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
4.2.2 TYPE B—Purchaser specified.
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
5. Ordering Information (to be supplied by the purchaser
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
to the producer)
Cross Section
B537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected 5.1 Alloy Designation—When ordering articles anodized in
to Atmospheric Exposure accordance with this specification, the purchaser shall state the
alloy designation number.
B602 Guide for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inor-
ganic Coatings
5.2 Appearance—Unless otherwise specified by the
purchaser, an off-white color shall be acceptable for TYPE A
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
coatings. The purchaser shall specify the color and surface
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
appearance required for TYPE B coatings. All coatings shall be
B08.07 on Conversion Coatings.
uniform in color and free from stains. Alternatively, samples
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
showing the required finish, or range of finishes, shall be
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as B893 – 98 (2018).
DOI: 10.1520/B0893-23.
supplied or approved by the purchaser. When required, the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
basis material may be subjected to such mechanical polishing
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
as may be required to yield the desired final surface character-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. istics.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B893 − 23
NOTE 3—Defects in the surface of the basis material such as scratches,
5.3 Significant Surface—The areas of the article covered by
poro
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B893 − 98 (Reapproved 2018) B893 − 23
Standard Specification for
Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrolytically formed oxide coatings on magnesium and magnesium alloy parts
where appearance, abrasion resistance, and protection against corrosion are important.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on
Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section
B537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected to Atmospheric Exposure
B602 Guide for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
B762 Guide of Variables Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this specification see Terminology B374.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.07 on
Conversion Coatings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018May 1, 2023. Published October 2018May 2023. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as B893
– 98 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/B0893-98R18.(2018). DOI: 10.1520/B0893-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B893 − 23
3.1.2 anodizing—an electrolytic oxidation process in which the surface of a metal, when anodic, is converted to a coating having
desirable protective or functional properties.
3.1.3 hard coat—in anodizing magnesium, an anodic oxide coating on magnesium with a higher apparent density and thickness,
and a greater resistance to wear than the base metal.
4. Classification
4.1 Coating Designation—Thickness.
4.1.1 Minimum thickness of 20 μm.
4.2 TYPE—Post treatments.
4.2.1 TYPE A—No post treatment.
4.2.2 TYPE B—Purchaser specified.
5. Ordering Information (to be supplied by the purchaser to the producer.)producer)
5.1 Alloy Designation—When ordering articles anodized in accordance with this specification, the purchaser shall state,state the
alloy designation number.
5.2 Appearance—Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, an off-white color shall be acceptable for TYPE A coating.coatings.
The purchaser shall specify the color and surface appearance required for TYPE B coatings. All coatings shall be uniform in color
and free from stains. Alternatively, samples showing the required finish, or range of finishes, shall be supplied or approved by the
purchaser. When required, the basis material may be subjected to such mec
...

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ASTM B136-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Stain Resistance of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum

ABSTRACT
This specification covers measurement of strain resistance of anodic coatings on aluminium and its alloys, that have undergone a sealing treatment and contact with an acidic solution, are stainproof or nonadsorptive with respect to dyes. The method comprises contacting the test area of the anodized specimen with nitric acid solution and, after rinsing and drying, applying a special dye solution followed by rinsing and rubbing the test area with pumice powder, drying, and visual examination of the test area for retention of dye stain. Coatings that exhibit no dye stain or change in color are considered to have passed the test. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. A specified solution of nitric acid shall be prepared in distilled or deionized water. A specified volume of aluminium blue 2WL dye shall be dissolved in distilled or deionized water.
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This specification covers measurement of strain resistance of anodic coatings on aluminium and its alloys, that have undergone a sealing treatment and contact with an acidic solution, are stainproof or nonadsorptive with respect to dyes. The method comprises contacting the test area of the anodized specimen with nitric acid solution and, after rinsing and drying, applying a special dye solution followed by rinsing and rubbing the test area with pumice powder, drying, and visual examination of the test area for retention of dye stain. Coatings that exhibit no dye stain or change in color are considered to have passed the test. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. A specified solution of nitric acid shall be prepared in distilled or deionized water. A specified volume of aluminium blue 2WL dye shall be dissolved in distilled or deionized water.
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ASTM B943-16(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Zinc and Tin Alloy Wire Used in Thermal Spraying for Electronic Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers zinc and tin alloy wire, including zinc-aluminum, zinc-aluminum-copper, zinc-tin, zinc-tin-copper an dtin-zinc, used as thermal spray wire in the electronics industry. The wire shall conform to the required chemical composition for cadmium, zinc, tin, lead, antimony, copper, aluminum, bismuth, arsenic, iron, nickel, and magnesium. The wire shall be clean and free of corrosion, adhering foreign material, scale, seams, nicks, burrs, and other defects which would interfere with the operation of thermal spraying equipment. The wire shall uncoil readily and be free of bends or kinks that would prevent its passage through the thermal spray gun. Sampling methodology should ensure that the sample slected for testing is representative of the matreial. The diameter of the wire shall be determines at the end and the beginning of each continuous wire.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers zinc and tin alloy wire, including zinc-aluminum, zinc-aluminum-copper, zinc-tin, zinc-tin-copper and tin-zinc, used as thermal spray wire in the electronics industry.  
1.1.1 Certain alloys specified in this standard are also used as solders for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points, and for other purposes (as noted in Annex A1). Specification B907 covers Zinc, Tin and Cadmium Base Alloys Used as Solders which are used primarily for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points and for other purposes (as noted in the Annex part of Specification B907). Specification B833 covers Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Thermal Spraying (Metallizing) used primarily for the corrosion protection of steel (as noted in the Annex part of Specification B833).  
1.1.2 Tin base alloys are included in this specification because their use in the electronics industry is similar to the use of certain zinc alloys but different than the major use of the tin and lead solder compositions specified in Specification B32.  
1.1.3 These wire alloys have a nominal liquidus temperature not exceeding 850 °F (455 °C).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F22-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water-break test as described in this test method is rapid, nondestructive, and may be used for control and evaluation of processes for the removal of hydrophobic contaminants. A water-break “free” test is commonly used for in-process verification of the absence of surface contaminants on metal surfaces that may interfere with subsequent surface treatments such as priming, conversion coating, anodizing, plating, or adhesive bonding  
5.2 This test method is not quantitative and is typically restricted to applications where a go/no go evaluation of cleanliness will suffice.  
5.3 The test may also be used for the detection and control of hydrophobic contaminants in processing environments. For this application, a witness surface free of hydrophobic films is exposed to the environment and subsequently tested. The sensitivity of this test will vary with the level of airborne contaminant and the duration of exposure of the witness surface.  
5.4 For quantitative measurement of surface wetting, test methods that measure contact angle of a sessile drop of water or other test liquid may be used in some applications. Measurement methods based on contact angle are shown in Test Methods C813, D5946, and D7490; and Practice D7334.  
5.4.1 Devices for in situ measurement of contact angle are available. These devices are limited to a small measurement surface area and may not reflect the cleanliness condition of a larger surface. For larger surface areas, localized contact angle measurement, or other quantitative inspection, combined with water-break testing may be useful.  
5.5 For surfaces that cannot be immersed or doused with water, or where such immersion or dousing is impractical, such as previously coated large parts or assemblies, prior to the application of paints, primers or other organic coatings, Test Method F21 may be better suited for the evaluation of surface cleanliness than this test method.
Note 2: This test method is not appropriate where line o...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the presence of hydrophobic (nonwetting) films on surfaces and the presence of hydrophobic organic materials in processing environments. When properly conducted, the test will enable detection of molecular layers of hydrophobic organic contaminants. On very rough or porous surfaces, the sensitivity of the test may be significantly decreased.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5162-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A coating/lining is applied to a metallic substrate to prevent corrosion or reduce product contamination, or both. The degree of coating continuity required is dictated by service conditions. Discontinuities in a coating/lining are frequently very minute and may not be readily visible. This practice provides a procedure for electrical detection of discontinuities in nonconductive coating systems.  
4.2 Electrical testing to determine the presence and number of discontinuities in a coating/lining is performed on a nonconductive coating/lining applied to an electrically conductive surface. The allowable number of discontinuities should be determined prior to conducting this test since the acceptable quantity of discontinuities will vary depending on film thickness, design, and service conditions.  
4.3 The low voltage wet sponge test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of 0.5 mm (20 mil) or less. High voltage spark test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of greater than 0.5 mm (20 mil).  
4.3.1 Coatings/linings less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) in thickness may be susceptible to damage if tested with high voltage spark testing equipment. However, coatings/linings greater than 0.25 mm (10 mil) and less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) may be tested with high voltage spark test equipment provided the voltage is calculated and set correctly, and the coating manufacturer approves its use.  
4.4 To prevent damage to a coating film when using high voltage test instrumentation, total film thickness and dielectric strength in a coating system shall be considered in determining the appropriate voltage for detection of discontinuities. Atmospheric conditions shall also be considered since the voltage required for the spark to gap a given distance in air varies with the conductivity of the air at the time the test is conducted. Table X1.1 in Appendix X1 cont...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for determining discontinuities using two types of test equipment:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Low Voltage Wet Sponge, and  
1.1.2 Test Method B—High Voltage Spark Testers.  
1.2 This practice addresses metallic substrates. For concrete surfaces, refer to Practice D4787.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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