ASTM D2924-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for External Pressure Resistance of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
Standard Test Method for External Pressure Resistance of “Fiberglass”<brk /> (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The values obtained by this test method are applicable only to conditions that specifically duplicate the procedures used.
5.2 After a scaling constant is determined for one diameter, this may be used for calculating the external failure pressures of other diameters as long as the resin and reinforcement (if used), the wall thickness-to-diameter ratio, and the reinforcement pattern (if reinforcement is used) are the same. Note 3—Based upon tests conducted on one size of pipe, a scaling constant is calculated according to 10.1 or 10.2. The appropriate constant is used to calculate failure pressure for other pipe diameters, but it can only be applied if the same resin and reinforcement are used, the wall thickness to diameter ratios are similar, and the reinforcement pattern is constant.
5.3 In the application of the following test requirements and recommendations, care must be exercised to ensure that the specimens tested are truly representative of the group being studied.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the resistance of fiberglass pipe to external pressure. It classifies failures as buckling, compressive, and leaking. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.Note 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2924 − 12 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
External Pressure Resistance of “Fiberglass”
1
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aggregate, n—a siliceous sand conforming to the
1.1 This test method covers determination of the resistance
requirements of Specification C33, except that the require-
of fiberglass pipe to external pressure. It classifies failures as
ments for gradation shall not apply.
buckling, compressive, and leaking. Both glass-fiber-
3.2.2 buckling failure pressure— the external gage pressure
reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-
at which buckling occurs. Buckling is characterized by a sharp
reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
discontinuity in the pressure-volume change graph and subse-
NOTE 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include
quent fracture in the test specimen appearing as an axially
natural polymers.
oriented crack. Buckling is an elastic instability type of failure
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and is normally associated with thin-wall pipe.
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
3.2.3 compressive failure pressure—the maximum external
tion only.
gage pressure that the specimen will resist without transmis-
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
sion of the testing fluid through the wall. Compressive failure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the pressurewillnotbeassociatedwithasharpdiscontinuityinthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressure-volume change graph nor lead to a fracture appearing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- as a sharp axially oriented crack. It will appear as a fracture
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which is the result of reaching the compressive strength limits
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. of the material and is normally associated with thick-wall pipe.
Failure is usually identified by a sudden drop in pressure.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
thermosetting resin; the composite structure may contain
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
aggregate, granular, or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
pigments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
coatings may be included.
tics
3.2.5 leaking pressure—the external gage pressure at which
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
the test fluid is transmitted through the pipe wall. It is
characterized in this test by continuous volume change indica-
3. Terminology
tions with no pressure increase.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.6 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP), n—a fiber-
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883
glass pipe with aggregate.
or F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise indicated. 3.2.7 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), n—afi-
berglass pipe without aggregate.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
4. Summary of Test Method
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Plastic
Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
4.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen to
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
failure in a short time interval by means of incrementally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2924 – 01 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D2924-12.
increasing external fluid pressure at a controlled constant
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
temperature. Fluid is also maintained inside the pipe, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
changes in the inside volume are monitored with a bleed hole
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and fluid level tube. On Cartesian coordinates, pressure versus
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
...
Designation: D2924 − 01(Reapproved 2006) D2924 − 12 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
External Pressure Resistance of “Fiberglass”
1
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the resistance of fiberglass pipe to external pressure. It classifies failures as
buckling, compressive, and leaking. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced
polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
NOTE 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information
only.
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883 or F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aggregate, n—a siliceous sand conforming to the requirements of Specification C33, except that the requirements for
gradation shall not apply.
3.2.2 buckling failure pressure— the external gage pressure at which buckling occurs. Buckling is characterized by a sharp
discontinuity in the pressure-volume change graph and subsequent fracture in the test specimen appearing as an axially oriented
crack. Buckling is an elastic instability type of failure and is normally associated with thin-wall pipe.
3.2.3 compressive failure pressure—the maximum external gage pressure that the specimen will resist without transmission of
the testing fluid through the wall. Compressive failure pressure will not be associated with a sharp discontinuity in the
pressure-volume change graph nor lead to a fracture appearing as a sharp axially oriented crack. It will appear as a fracture which
is the result of reaching the compressive strength limits of the material and is normally associated with thick-wall pipe. Failure
is usually identified by a sudden drop in pressure.
3.2.4 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
thermosetting resin; the composite structure may contain aggregate, granular, or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigments, or
dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or coatings may be included.
3.2.5 leaking pressure—the external gage pressure at which the test fluid is transmitted through the pipe wall. It is characterized
in this test by continuous volume change indications with no pressure increase.
3.2.6 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP), n—a fiberglass pipe with aggregate.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2924 − 12
3.2.7 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), n—a fiberglass pipe without aggregate.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen to failure in a short time interval by means of continuouslyincrementally
increasing external fluid pressure at a controlled constant temperature. Fluid is also maintained inside the pipe, and changes in the
inside volume are monitored with a bleed hole and fluid level tube. On Cartesian coordinates, pressure versus change in volume
is plotted and the failure pressure selected as indicated by the graph. Scaling constants are presented for extending the results to
other diameters.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The values obtained by this test method are applicable only to conditions that specifically duplicate the procedures used.
5.2 After a scaling constant is determined for one diameter, this may be used for calculating the external failure pressures of
other diameters as long as the resin and reinforcement (if used), the wall thickness-to-diameter ratio, and the reinforcement pattern
(if reinforcement is used) are the same.
NOTE 3—Based upon t
...
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