ASTM D3436-99
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Aniline (Withdrawn 2005)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling Aniline (Withdrawn 2005)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling aniline.
1.2 Any person sampling or handling aniline should have specific first aid instructions and equipment available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers procedures for sampling and handling aniline.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals, this practice was withdrawn in July 2005. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3436–99
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Handling Aniline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Typical Properties and Characteristics of Aniline
1. Scope
Chemical names aniline, aminobenzene, benzenamine, phenyl-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and han-
amine
dling aniline.
Common names aniline, aniline oil blue-oil
1.2 Any person sampling or handling aniline should have Empirical formula C H NH
6 5 2
Physical form oily liquid at normal temperature
specific first aid instructions and equipment available for use in
Color colorless to light yellow (clear)
the event of personal contact or exposure.
Light sensitivity tends to become amber brown in color upon
exposure to air and light
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Boiling point 184.2°C (364°F) at 760 mm Hg
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Specific gravity 1.022 at 20/4°C
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Solidification point, anhydrous −6.2°C (21°F)
basis, min
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Explosive limit lower 1.3 volume % in air
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Flash point
statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Closed cup 70.0°C (158°F)
Open cup 75.6°C (168°F)
A
Ignition temperature 1418°F
2. Referenced Documents
A
Odor threshold 0.5 ppm
2.1 ASTM Standards: A
Poisonous gas produced when heated
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals A
Weiss, G. Hazardous Chemicals Data Book, Second Edition.
2.2 Other Documents:
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR, paragraphs 1910.1000 and
specification containers when shipped by rail, water, or high-
1910.1200
way, and all of the DOT Regulations regarding loading,
DOT Regulations, 49 CFR, Subchapter C; Parts 171-180
unloading, handling, labeling, and other functions must be
followed.
3. Description of Product
3.4.2 Department of Transportation (DOT) Regulations re-
3.1 Typical Properties and Characteristics (See Table 1):
garding the shipping of this chemical are specified in 49CFR.
3.2 Stability—Aniline is a stable material under normal
Regulations include the handling of aniline packages and
conditions. It does not decompose at its boiling point or when
return of empty containers. All containers should carry an
exposed to high environmental temperatures for long periods.
identifying label or stencil and must bear the DOT POISON
Although the vapor given off at elevated temperatures is
label.Aniline is ordinarily transported in tank cars, tank trucks,
flammable, aniline can be handled with little danger of fire.
or metal drums. Sample shipped by air must be packaged to
Should aniline ignite, it may be successfully extinguished with
comply with IATA regulations.
water, applied in the form of a fog or spray (see 4.2).
3.5 Toxicity—Although aniline is highly toxic, it may be
3.3 Solubility—Aniline is miscible with alcohol, ether, ben-
handled safely if proper precautions are observed. The odor of
zene, and most organic solvents. It is only slightly soluble in
aniline can be positively detected at 1.1 ppm in the atmosphere
water.
by 50 % of people. Avoid contact with skin. Maintain ad-
3.4 Classification and Regulations:
equate ventilation.
3.4.1 Aniline is classified as a Class 6 Poison by DOT and
the United Nations. As such, it must be packaged in DOT
4. Hazards
4.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material
Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic
utilized in this practice.
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
4.2 Health:
mittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
published as D 3436 – 75. Last previous edition D 3436 – 96.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. “Odor as an Aid to Chemical Safety: Odor Thresholds Compared with
Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Threshold Limit Values and Volatilities for 214 Industrial Chemicals in Air and
Washington, DC 20402. Water Dilution,” Journal of Applied Toxicology, August 1983.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3436
4.2.1 Aniline is highly toxic and may enter the body easily practices. Personal protective equipment only protects the
and rapidly by absorption through the skin, by ingestion, or by worker wearing it and other unprotected people in the work
inhalation of the vapor. The most common incidences of area may still be exposed to danger. Education of the worker in
accidental poisoning are due to spillage of the liquid on the the proper use of protective equipment is essential.
skinorclothingresultingindirectskincontactortheprolonged
inhalation of vapor because of inadequate ventilation. 6. Precaution
4.2.2 Aniline causes the oxygen-carrying pigment in the
6.1 Any person sampling or handling these products should
blood, hemoglobin, to change to a form known as methemo-
have specific first aid instructions and equipment available for
globin; thus the ability of the blood to transport oxygen to
use in the event of personal contact or exposure.
tissues is reduced in aniline poisoning. The systemic effects of
6.2 Conduct sampling and handling operations only by
poisoning varies with the intensity of the exposure. Cyanosis,
carefully instructed, experienced, reliable employees, under
the most common symptom of aniline poisoning, is character-
adequate supervision.
ized by a bluish tinge which results from the inadequate
6.3 Accomplish loading, unloading, and sampling opera-
oxygenation of tissues. Discoloration is most noticeable on the
tions only when adequate lighting is provided.
cheeks, lips, ears, fingernail beds, or oral membranes. When
6.4 Take extreme care to avoid spills and leaks. In case of a
the liquid has penetrated the skin, the area of contact will
spill, wash contaminated areas thoroughly with large quantities
sometimes appear cyanotic. Poisoning may also give rise to
of water and collect the liquid in the local chemical waste
headaches, palpitation, dizziness, nausea, difficult breathing,
system. All spill-related activities should comply with appli-
convulsions, and psychic disturbances. Aniline is likewise a
cable EPA, and OSHA and local regulations and laws.
mild irritant to the eyes and could cause corneal damage. If a
6.5 Follow shipper’s instructions always, and read and
splash occurs, wash the eyes with profuse amounts of water for
observe all caution markings on containers.
aminimumdurationof15min.Inallcases,contactaphysician
6.6 Although the vapor given off at elevated temperatures
as soon as possible.
from phenol or cresylic acid will ignite, these materials can
4.2.3 The threshold for aniline-skin is 2 ppm (10 mg/m of
generally be handled with little direct danger of fire. The flash
air) as defined by the American Conference of Governmental
points of the liquids are higher than the temperatures at which
and Industrial Hygienists. The most potential contribution to
they are normally handled. In spite of this, carefully restrict
the overall exposure to aniline is by the cutaneous route, either
open flames and smoking in the vicinity of loading, unloading,
by airborne, or more particularly, by direct contact with the
and storage operations.
skin. Therefore, the threshold limit value for aniline-skin is 2
ppm to suggest appropriate measures for the prevention of 6.7 Do not permit any person ever to enter an empty aniline
tank,tankcar,ortanktruckuntilithasbeenthoroughlywashed
cutaneous absorption so that the threshold limit is not invali-
dated. With respect to airborne exposure, the threshold limit out with warm water, followed by a thorough steaming. Ensure
that oxygen content is acceptable and vessel is free of organic
value of aniline is 2 ppm (10 mg/m in air) for an 8-h working
exposure. Short term inhalation limits are 50 ppm for 30 min. vapors. Require the approval and observation by a supervisor
4.3 Fire: in every case. Review Sections 7 and 8 in detail.
4.3.1 Aniline has a flash point of 70°C well above room
6.8 Allow no eating or drinking in close proximity to the
temperature. Consequently, ignition in air is difficult and the
aniline handling or sampling operation.
rateofflamepropagationisslow.Firesinvolvinganilinecanbe
6.9 Employees shall:
extinguished with carbon dioxide, dry chemical, and water fog.
6.9.1 Know the hazards connected with the handling of
If water is used on an aniline fire in which the liquid
aniline.
temperature is near or above the boiling temperature of water,
6.9.2 Be completely acquainted with the purpose, use, and
there will be a boil-over as a result of rapid steam formation
maintenance of personal protective equipment;
and spattering of the aniline. This increases the toxic hazard.
6.9.3 Be trained to report promptly to supervision all
Therefore, in fighting large fires use fog, foam, or spray in
suspected leaks or equipment failures;
preference to a solid stream of water.
6.9.4 Be trained to recognize and r
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.