ASTM E2207-15

Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Multiaxial forces often tend to introduce deformation and damage mechanisms that are unique and quite different from those induced under a simple uniaxial loading condition. Since most engineering components are subjected to cyclic multiaxial forces it is necessary to characterize the deformation and fatigue behaviors of materials in this mode. Such a characterization enables reliable prediction of the fatigue lives of many engineering components. Axial-torsional loading is one of several possible types of multiaxial force systems and is essentially a biaxial type of loading. Thin-walled tubular specimens subjected to axial-torsional loading can be used to explore behavior of materials in two of the four quadrants in principal stress or strain spaces. Axial-torsional loading is more convenient than in-plane biaxial loading because the stress state in the thin-walled tubular specimens is constant over the entire test section and is well-known. This practice is useful for generating fatigue life and cyclic deformation data on homogeneous materials under axial, torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial-torsional loading conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 The standard deals with strain-controlled, axial, torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial torsional fatigue testing with thin-walled, circular cross-section, tubular specimens at isothermal, ambient and elevated temperatures. This standard is limited to symmetric, completely-reversed strains (zero mean strains) and axial and torsional waveforms with the same frequency in combined axial-torsional fatigue testing. This standard is also limited to characterization of homogeneous materials with thin-walled tubular specimens and does not cover testing of either large-scale components or structural elements.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E08 - Fatigue and Fracture
• Drafting Committee: E08.05 - Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2207 − 15
Standard Practice for
Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-
1
Walled Tubular Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
E209 PracticeforCompressionTestsofMetallicMaterialsat
1.1 The standard deals with strain-controlled, axial,
Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heat-
torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial torsional
ing Rates and Strain Rates
fatigue testing with thin-walled, circular cross-section, tubular
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
specimens at isothermal, ambient and elevated temperatures.
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
This standard is limited to symmetric, completely-reversed
E606/E606M Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue
strains (zero mean strains) and axial and torsional waveforms
Testing
with the same frequency in combined axial-torsional fatigue
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
testing. This standard is also limited to characterization of
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
homogeneous materials with thin-walled tubular specimens
Force Application
and does not cover testing of either large-scale components or
E1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
structural elements.
E1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E2624 Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Devices
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions—The terms specific to this practice are
2
defined in this section.All other terms used in this practice are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in accordance with Terminologies E6 and E1823.
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3.2.1 axial strain—refers to engineering axial strain, ε, and
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
is defined as change in length divided by the original length
terials
(∆L /L ).
g g
E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
3.2.2 shear strain—refers to engineering shear strain, γ,
rials at Room Temperature
resulting from the application of a torsional moment to a
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
cylindrical specimen. Such a torsional shear strain is simple
someter Systems
shear and is defined similar to axial strain with the exception
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
that the shearing displacement, ∆L is perpendicular to rather
and Chord Modulus
s
thanparalleltothegagelength, L ,thatis,γ=∆L/L (seeFig.
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
g s g
1).
3.2.2.1 Discussion—γ= is related to the angles of twist, θ
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and
and Ψ as follows:
Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
γ = tan Ψ, where Ψ is the angle of twist along the gage
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.
length of the cylindrical specimen. For small angles ex-
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
ε1
pressed in radians, tan Ψ approaches Ψ and γ approaches Ψ.
in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2207–08(2013) . DOI:
10.1520/E2207-15.
γ=(d/2)θ/L , where θ expressed in radians is the angle of
g
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
twist between the planes defining the gage length of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
cylindrical specimen and d is the diameter of the cylindrical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2207 − 15
FIG. 1 Twisted Gage Section of a Cylindrical Specimen Due to a Torsional Moment
3.2.2.2 Discussion—∆L is measurable directly as displace- strainwaveform.Thetwowaveformsmustbeofthesametype
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2207 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) E2207 − 15
Standard Practice for
Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-
1
Walled Tubular Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Referenced document E606’s title was editorially updated from a Practice to a Test Method in October 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 The standard deals with strain-controlled, axial, torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial torsional fatigue testing
with thin-walled, circular cross-section, tubular specimens at isothermal, ambient and elevated temperatures. This standard is
limited to symmetric, completely-reversed strains (zero mean strains) and axial and torsional waveforms with the same frequency
in combined axial-torsional fatigue testing. This standard is also limited to characterization of homogeneous materials with
thin-walled tubular specimens and does not cover testing of either large-scale components or structural elements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
E209 Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heating Rates
and Strain Rates
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
E606E606/E606M Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
E1417E1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
E1444E1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
E2624 Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines and Devices
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terms specific to this practice are defined in this section. All other terms used in this practice are in
accordance with Terminologies E6 and E1823.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic Deformation
and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2013May 1, 2015. Published November 2013July 2015. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
ε1
E2207E2207–08(2013) –08. DOI: 10.1520/E2207-08R13.10.1520/E2207-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2207 − 15
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 axial strain—refers to engineering axial strain, ε, and is defined as change in length divided by the original length
(ΔL /L ).
g g
3.2.2 shear strain—refers to engineering shear strain, γ, resulting from the application of a torsional moment to a cylindrical
specimen. Such a torsional shear strain is simple shear and is defined similar to axial strain with the exception that the shearing
displacement, ΔL is perpendicular to rather than parallel to the gage length, L , that is, γ = ΔL / L (see Fig. 1).
s g s g
NOTE 1—γ= is related to the angles of twist, θ and Ψ as follows:
γ = tan Ψ, where Ψ is the angle of
...