ASTM C29/C29M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.
4.2 The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.
4.3 A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
Note 1: Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C29/C29M − 23 American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T19/T19M
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C29/C29M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk 2.1 ASTM Standards:
density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, gregates
coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size. C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
NOTE 1—Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
(more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
to Testing Size
are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete
specification with which this test method is used. An exception
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in
Testing Agency Evaluation
which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Sieves
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- 2.2 AASHTO Standard:
T19/T19M Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in
conformance with the standard.
3
Aggregate
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. defined in Terminology C125.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 voids, n—in unit volume of aggregate, the space
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
between particles in an aggregate mass not occupied by solid
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mineral matter.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C09.20 on Aggregates. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C29/C29M – 17a. Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
DOI: 10.1520/C0029_C0029M-23 http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C29/C29M − 23
TABLE 2 Requirements for Measures
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Voids within particles, either perme-
able or impermeable, are not included in voids as determined Thi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C29/C29M − 17a C29/C29M − 23 American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T19/T19M
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C29/C29M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and
calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is
applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
NOTE 1—Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more
correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a
specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which
the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2023. Published June 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
C29/C29M – 17.C29/C29M – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/C0029_C0029M-17a.10.1520/C0029_C0029M-23
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C29/C29M − 23
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency
Evaluation
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
T19/T19M Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology C125.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 voids, n—in unit volume of aggregate, the space between particles in an aggregate mass not occupied by solid mineral matter.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Voids within particles, either permeable or impermeable, are not included in voids as determined by t
...
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