ASTM D4919-03(2008)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Specification for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings (Withdrawn 2017)
ABSTRACT
This guide identifies the key information required to ensure that selected packaging will pass the United Nations (UN) packaging certification at the level that is appropriate for its intended use. This guide covers test procedures for transportation of hazardous material packagings for net masses except those used for infectious substances, radioactive materials, cylinders, and other receptacles for gases and does not replace domestic or international requlatory requirements for hazardous material packagings. The UN performance tests are based on the degree of hazard posed by the proposed materials to be packaged which are also assigned to a specific packing group. Only packaging designs that meet the UN performance standards are to be marked with a UN mark. Tests include drop test, leakproofness test, stack test, vibration test, pressure differential test, hydrostatic pressure test, and cobb water absorption test.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The UN performance tests are based on the degree of hazard presented by the proposed hazardous material(s) to be packaged.
Substances and articles which are hazardous are assigned to a specific packing group as defined in 3.8.1 and may be determined by referencing 49 CFR 172.101 hazardous materials table.
Only packaging designs that have been successfully tested to the UN performance standards as defined in 3.8.2 may be marked with a UN mark. Hazardous Materials may not be transported in a packaging that does not bear the appropriate UN markings unless otherwise authorized by the applicable competent authority.
Packages successfully tested to the UN performance standards may or may not withstand the North American distribution environment. To further evaluate the suitability of the package it is strongly recommended that additional tests as detailed in Practice D 4169 or other carrier specified test requirements be conducted.
SCOPE
1.1 The main focus of this guide is to identify the key information required for United Nations (UN) packaging certification to ensure the selected packaging will be certified to the appropriate level for its intended use. This document also provides guidance for locating relevant sections of the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Consult with a regulatory specialist whenever needed.
1.2 This guide is intended to assist in determining the appropriate performance tests required to certify packaging designs to the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations performance oriented packaging standards based on the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
1.3 This guide covers the testing for transportation of hazardous materials packagings for net masses not exceeding 400 kg (880 lb) or capacities not exceeding 450 L (119 gal), excepting packagings for infectious substances, radioactive materials, cylinders and other receptacles for gases.
1.4 This guide does not replace domestic or international regulatory requirements for hazardous materials packaging but is strongly recommended to be used in conjunction with those regulations.
1.5 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) as required by 172.700 and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) and carrier rules such as International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not pu...
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Designation: D4919 − 03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 The main focus of this guide is to identify the key
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
information required for United Nations (UN) packaging
and are not considered standard.
certification to ensure the selected packaging will be certified
totheappropriatelevelforitsintendeduse.Thisdocumentalso
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
provides guidance for locating relevant sections of the United
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Regulations (CFR). Consult with a regulatory specialist when-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ever needed.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.2 This guide is intended to assist in determining the
2. Referenced Documents
appropriate performance tests required to certify packaging
designstotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationTitle 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
49 Code of Federal Regulations performance oriented packag-
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
ing standards based on the United Nations Recommendations
(Reid Method)
on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance
1.3 This guide covers the testing for transportation of
of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
hazardous materials packagings for net masses not exceeding
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
400 kg (880 lb) or capacities not exceeding 450 L (119 gal),
for Testing
excepting packagings for infectious substances, radioactive
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
materials, cylinders and other receptacles for gases.
ments
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
1.4 This guide does not replace domestic or international
tainers
regulatory requirements for hazardous materials packaging but
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
is strongly recommended to be used in conjunction with those
tainers and Systems
regulations.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
1.5 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance
Packaging Components for Testing
with the United States Department of Transportation Title 49
D4359 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is
Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) as required by 172.700
a Liquid or a Solid
and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous mate-
D4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-
rials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organi-
tainer Under Constant Load
zation (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of
D4991 Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid
Dangerous Goods by Air, and the International Maritime
Containers by Vacuum Method
DangerousGoodsCode(IMDGCode)andcarrierrulessuchas
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous
Free Fall
Goods Regulations.
D5570 Test Method for Water Resistance of Tape and
Adhesives Used as Box Closure
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4919 – 03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4919-03R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4919 − 03 (2008)
2.2 ISO Standard: 3.8.1.2 Packing Group II—Substances presenting medium
ISO 535 Determination of Water Absorption of Paper and danger.
Board (Cobb Method) 3.8.1.3 Packing Group III—Substances presenting minor
danger.
2.3 United Nations Document:
3.8.2 Performance Standard—UN certified Packagings are
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dan-
authorized to transport hazardous materials and are marked to
gerous Goods
a performance standard as follows:
2.4 Regulatory Documents:
3.8.2.1 Performance Standard “X” Packaging —May be
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous
used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups I, II,
Goods Regulations
and III.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical
3.8.2.2 Performance Standard “Y” Packaging —May be
InstructionsfortheSafeTransportofDangerousGoodsby
used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups II and
Air
III.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG
3.8.2.3 Performance Standard “Z” Packaging —May only
Code)
be used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Group III.
49CFR UnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationCodeof
Federal Regulations Title 49, Transportation, Parts 100-
4. Significance and Use
2.5 Industry Document: 4.1 The UN performance tests are based on the degree of
hazard presented by the proposed hazardous material(s) to be
Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSCI) “UN Test Proce-
dures” for 1A1 and 1A2 Steel Drums packaged.
4.2 Substances and articles which are hazardous are as-
3. Terminology
signed to a specific packing group as defined in 3.8.1 and may
3.1 Reference 49 CFR, Section 171.8: Definitions and
be determined by referencing 49 CFR 172.101 hazardous
Abbreviations.
materials table.
3.2 Reference 49 CFR, Part 173, Subpart D: Definitions
4.3 Only packaging designs that have been successfully
Classification, Packing Group Assignment and Exceptions for
testedtotheUNperformancestandardsasdefinedin3.8.2may
Hazardous Materials other than Class 1 and Class 7 (for
be marked with a UN mark. Hazardous Materials may not be
example, definition of flammable liquid).
transported in a packaging that does not bear the appropriate
UN markings unless otherwise authorized by the applicable
3.3 Reference 49 CFR, Sections 178.503-178.523 for Non-
competent authority.
bulk packaging standards (for example, 1A1, 1H2, 4G, etc.).
4.4 Packages successfully tested to the UN performance
3.4 Reference 49 CFR, Section 178.601(c): General
standards may or may not withstand the North American
Requirements, Definitions.
distribution environment. To further evaluate the suitability of
3.5 Thetermshazardousmaterialsanddangerousgoodsare
the package it is strongly recommended that additional tests as
meant to be interchangeable.
detailed in Practice D4169 or other carrier specified test
3.6 Reference Terminology D996. requirements be conducted.
3.7 Other terms may be found in modal specific regulatory
5. Procedure
documents listed in 2.4.
5.1 Introduction—Hazardous materials must be offered for
3.8 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
transportation within the United States in packagings autho-
3.8.1 Packing Group—Hazardous Materials are assigned to
rized by U.S. DOT49 CFR.When UN specification packaging
a Packing Group based on the degree of danger as follows:
is required for shipping hazardous materials, this packaging
3.8.1.1 Packing Group I—Substances presenting great dan-
must first be subjected to and meet the UN performance
ger.
standards as outlined in 49 CFR. It is recommended the user of
this document review key areas of 49 CFR to gain a better
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., understanding of the domestic requirements for package certi-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
fication. The following are suggested areas to review:
Available from United Nations, 1 United Nations Plaza, NewYork, NY10017,
5.1.1 49 CFR, 173.24, and 173.24a General Requirements
http://www.un.org.
5 for Packagings and Packages—This section of the regulations
Available from International Air Transport Association (IATA), 800 Place
Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, http://www.iata.org.
contains information on the following: General applicability
requirements, Packagings manufactured outside the U.S.,
Available from International CivilAviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-
Compatibility, Venting of Packagings, Filling Requirements,
sity St., Montreal, Quebec, H3C H57, Canada, http://www.icao.int.
Vibration Requirements, Filling Limits, Vapor Pressure Deter-
Available from International Marine Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,
London, Ontario 5E1 7SR, Canada, http://www.imo.org.
minations and other issues.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
5.1.2 49 CFR, 173.27 General Requirements for Transpor-
Office, Washington, DC 20402-9371 (website: hazmat.dot.gov).
tation by Aircraft—This section of the regulations contains
Available from the Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSCI), 1101 14th Street
NW, Washington, DC 20005, http://www.steelcontainers.com. information on the following: Pressure capability requirements
D4919 − 03 (2008)
for packagings transporting liquids, Closure requirements, and 5.3.2.3 Specific Gravity for Liquids—Using product Mate-
requirements for the use of Absorbent Materials. rial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or other acceptable methods,
5.1.3 49CFR,178.601GeneralRequirements—Thissection obtain information on the maximum specific gravity of the
of the regulations contains information on the following: liquid product(s) to be shipped in the selected packaging.
Design Qualification, Periodic Retesting, Production Testing, Testing should be conducted based on the highest specific
and Selective Testing for UN packagings. gravity product for single and composite packagings and the
5.1.4 49 CFR, 178.602 Preparation of Packagings and highest specific gravity product resulting in the heaviest gross
Packages for Testing—This section of the regulations contains mass for combination packagings. This information is needed
information on filling requirements for liquids and solids to determine test levels and authorized gross mass of the
packaging certification along with conditioning requirements. packaging.
5.3.2.4 Gross Mass for Solids—Using product MSDS or
5.2 Use of UN Certified Packaging—AUN packaging may
other acceptable methods, obtain information on the maximum
be used for different products under the same certification
gross mass (based on net fill weight) of the solid product(s) to
providedthehazardousmaterialandpackagingarecompatible,
be shipped in the selected packaging. This information is
the regulations authorize the use of the packaging for the
needed to determine test fill weights and authorized gross mass
intended hazardous material, and the UN packaging certifica-
of the packaging.
tion is appropriate for the intended product.
5.3.2.5 Vapor Pressure of Liquid Material— For liquid
5.3 KeyInformationforPackagingCertification—Toensure
hazardous materials, information on the vapor pressure of the
the selected packaging will be certified to the appropriate level
materialdeterminedat50or55°Cshouldbeobtainedusingthe
for its intended use the information outlined in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4
appropriate ASTM Standard (see Test Method D323) or other
should be obtained and carefully reviewed.
acceptable methods (see 49 CFR, 173.24a(b)(4)). For single
5.3.1 Packaging Standard—Determine if the packaging
and composite packaging this information is required to
configuration meets the construction and specification require-
determine the appropriate hydrostatic test pressure. For inner
ments of one of the UN standards (for example, Fiberboard
packagings of a combination packaging intended for shipping
Box, Metal Drum, Plastic Drum, etc.) listed in 49 CFR,
liquids by air transportation, this information is required to
178.504–178.523. If the packaging selected does not meet
determine the appropriate pressure differential test require-
these requirements, approval may be required from the com-
ments.
petent authority for UN certification (49 CFR, 178.601(h)).
5.3.3 Mode of Transportation—Determine the intended
5.3.2 Hazardous Material Information— Determine what
mode(s) of transportation for the selected packaging. Certain
products are to be shipped in the selected packaging. Consid-
modes of transportation may require additional testing or
eration should be given to new or potential products to be
testing to a more stringent level. (for example, the inner
shipped. The type of hazardous materials being shipped will
packagings of a combination packaging intended to contain
determine the appropriate performance tests.
liquids and shipped by air transportation must be capable of
5.3.2.1 Packing Group—Packagings must be selected based
passing a pressure differential test (see 49 CFR, 173.27(c)).
on the hazards presented in transportation according to the
Thiscapabilityrequirementdoesnotapplyifthesamepackage
respective Packing Group assignments of the intended hazard-
is shipped by surface transportation only.)
ous materials as defined in 3.8.1.
5.3.4 Packaging Assembly Functions—Determine how the
NOTE 1—If different products are intended to be shipped in the selected
packaging will be assembled. Information should include:
packaging, keep in mind the product presenting the greatest danger may
5.3.4.1 Package Description,
notbetheproductresultinginthehighestspecificgravityorheaviestgross
5.3.4.2 Special closure functions,
mass (for example, a Packing Group I liquid may have a specific gravity
of 1.1, and a Packing Group II liquid may have a specific gravity of 1.9).
5.3.4.3 Closure application torque,
Thisinformationisimportantfordeterminingtheappropriateperformance
5.3.4.4 Box sealing method (taped, stitched, glued),
tests. The following sections of 49 CFR pertaining to “non-bulk filling
5.3.4.5 Inner packaging orientation,
limits” provides guidance for the use of UN certified packagings: 49 CFR,
173.24a(b)(1),173.24a(b)(2),and173.24a(b)(3).Note,thesesectionsonly
5.3.4
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4919–89 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Specification for Designation: D 4919 – 03
(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1ThisstandardcoversthetestingofpackagingstoUnitedNationsstandardsintendedfortransportationofhazardousmaterials,
excepting packagings for radioactive substances, cylinders and other receptacles for gases, packagings for net masses exceeding
400 kg (880 lb) or capacities exceeding 450 L (120 gallons).
1.2The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 8–14, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety conserns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use. See also A1.2
1.1 The main focus of this guide is to identify the key information required for United Nations (UN) packaging certification to
ensure the selected packaging will be certified to the appropriate level for its intended use.This document also provides guidance
for locating relevant sections of the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
Consult with a regulatory specialist whenever needed.
1.2 This guide is intended to assist in determining the appropriate performance tests required to certify packaging designs to
the United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations performance oriented packaging standards
based on the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
1.3 Thisguidecoversthetestingfortransportationofhazardousmaterialspackagingsfornetmassesnotexceeding400kg(880
lb) or capacities not exceeding 450 L (119 gal), excepting packagings for infectious substances, radioactive materials, cylinders
and other receptacles for gases.
1.4 This guide does not replace domestic or international regulatory requirements for hazardous materials packaging but is
strongly recommended to be used in conjunction with those regulations.
1.5 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with the United States Department ofTransportationTitle 49 Code of
FederalRegulations(49CFR)asrequiredby172.700andshouldbefamiliarwithotherapplicablehazardousmaterialsregulations
such as; International CivilAviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by
Air, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) and carrier rules such as International Air Transport
Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Container
Environment.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1989. Published December 1989.
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersandSystems
- Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4919–03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4919 – 03 (2008)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D685Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for Testing 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
Products (Reid Method)
D775Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes 642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping
Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
D959Method of Drop Test for Filled Bags
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for
Testing
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D997Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Cylindrical Containers 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
Containers
D999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping
Containers and Systems
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,
Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing 4359 Test Method for
Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
D4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Container Under Constant Load
E4PracticesforForceVerificationofTestingMachinesD4991 TestMethodforLeakageTestingofEmptyRigidContainersby
Vacuum Method
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
D5570 Test Method for Water Resistance of Tape and Adhesives Used as Box Closure
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 535 Determination of Water Absorption of Paper and Board (Cobb Method)
2.3 ANSI/ASQC Document: United Nations Document:
ANSI/ASQC Z-1.15Generic Guidelines for Quality Systems
2.4 TAPPI Standard:
TAPPI T441 Water Absorptiveness of Sized (Non-bibulous) Paper and Paperboard (Cobb Test)
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
2.4 Regulatory Documents:
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)
49 CFR United States Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, Transportation, Parts 100-199
2.5 United Nations Document:
ST/SG/AC.10/1Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Industry Document:
Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSCI) “UN Test Procedures” for 1A1 and 1A2 Steel Drums
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 Reference 49 CFR, Section 171.8: Definitions and Abbreviations.
3.2 Reference 49 CFR, Part 173, Subpart D: Definitions Classification, Packing Group Assignment and Exceptions for
Hazardous Materials other than Class 1 and Class 7 (for example, definition of flammable liquid).
3.3 Reference 49 CFR, Sections 178.503-178.523 for Non-bulk packaging standards (for example, 1A1, 1H2, 4G, etc.).
3.4 Reference 49 CFR, Section 178.601(c): General Requirements, Definitions.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 15.09.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 03.01, 04.02, and 08.03.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Flr, New York, NY 10036.
Available from United Nations, 1 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, http://www.un.org.
Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348.
Available from International Air Transport Association (IATA), 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, http://www.iata.org.
Available from United Nations, 866 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3C H57, Canada, http://www.icao.int.
Available from International Marine Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London, Ontario 5E1 7SR, Canada, http://www.imo.org.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9371 (website: hazmat.dot.gov).
Available from the Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSCI), 1101 14th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, http://www.steelcontainers.com.
D 4919 – 03 (2008)
3.5 The terms hazardous materials and dangerous goods are meant to be interchangeable.
3.6 Reference Terminology D996.
3.7 Other terms may be found in modal specific regulatory documents listed in 2.4.
3.8 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1bags—flexible packagings made of paper, plastic film, textiles, woven materials or other suitable materials.
3.1.2barrels—receptacles of circular cross-section, with bulging walls.Wooden barrels are constructed with staves and ends of
natural wood, and are held together with hoops of metal or wood.
3.1.3boxes—packagings with complete rectangular or polygonal faces, made of metal, wood, plywood, reconstituted wood,
fiberboard, plastic, or other suitable material.
3.1.4closures—devices which close an opening in a receptacle.
3.1.5combination packaging—a combination of packagings for transport purposes, consisting of one or more inner packagings
secured in an outer packaging.
3.1.6composite packagings—packagings consisting of an outer packaging and an inner receptacle so constructed that the inner
receptacle and the outer packaging form an integral packaging. Once assembled it remains, thereafter, an integrated single unit;
it is filled, stored, transported and emptied as such.
3.1.7drums—flat-ended or convex-ended cylindrical packagings made of metal, fiberboard, plastic, plywood, or other suitable
materials.
3.1.7.1Discussion—This definition also includes packagings of other shapes made of metal or plastic, for example, round
taper-necked packagings or pail-shaped packagings. Jerricans are not covered by this definition.
3.1.8inner packagings—packagings for which an outer packaging is required for transport.
3.1.9inner receptacles—receptacles which require an outer packaging in order to perform their containment function.
3.1.10jerricans—metal or plastic packagings of rectangular or polygonal cross-section.
3.1.11maximum capacity—the maximum inner volume of packagings.
3.1.12outer packaging—the outer protection of a composite or combination packaging together with any absorbent materials,
cushioning, and any other components necessary to contain and protect receptacles or inner packagings.
3.1.13packages—the complete product of the packing operation, consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared for
transport.
3.1.14packagings—receptacles and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment
function.
3.1.15receptacles—containment vessels for receiving and holding substances or articles, including any means of closing.
3.1.15.1Discussion—The following explanations and examples are meant to assist in clarifying the above definitions:
(a) (a)The inners of combination packagings are always termed inner packagings not inner receptacles. A glass bottle is an
example of such an inner packaging.
(b)(b)theinnersofcompositepackagings,arenormallytermedinnerreceptacles.Forexample,theinnerofaplasticreceptacle
with outer steel drum composite packaging (plastic material) is such an inner receptacle since it is normally not designed to
perform a containment function without its outer packaging and is not therefore an inner packaging.
3.8.1 Packing Group—Hazardous Materials are assigned to a Packing Group based on the degree of danger as follows:
3.8.1.1 Packing Group I—Substances presenting great danger.
3.8.1.2 Packing Group II—Substances presenting medium danger.
3.8.1.3 Packing Group III—Substances presenting minor danger.
3.8.2 Performance Standard—UN certified Packagings are authorized to transport hazardous materials and are marked to a
performance standard as follows:
3.8.2.1 Performance Standard “X” Packaging—MaybeusedtotransporthazardousmaterialsinPackingGroupsI,II,andIII.
3.8.2.2 Performance Standard “Y” Packaging —May be used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups II and III.
3.8.2.3 Performance Standard “Z” Packaging —May only be used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Group III.
4. Significance and Use
4.1Packagings successfully tested to this specification meet only the performance standards established for international
transportation of hazardous materials, based on recommendations of the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport
of Dangerous Goods, as endorsed by the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
4.2Packages successfully tested to this specification may not meet national regulatory requirements nor withstand the North
Americandistributionenvironment.Itisstronglyrecommendedthattestsrequiredbynationalregulationsandadditionalsequential
tests,asdetailedinPracticeD4169forAssuranceLevel1fortheplannedsystemofdistribution,becarriedouttofurtherestablish
suitability of the package.
4.3Tests prescribed are of varying degrees of severity, depending on the degree of hazard presented by the proposed contents,
and are grouped as follows:
Packing Group I Substances presenting great danger
Packing Group II Substances presenting medium danger
Packing Group III Substances presenting minor danger
D 4919 – 03 (2008)
Substances and articles which are hazardous are assigned to a specific packing group in UN ST/SG/AC.10/1 or in international
or national regulations.
4.1 The UN performance tests are based on the degree of hazard presented by the proposed hazardous material(s) to be
packaged.
4.2 Substances and articles which are hazardous are assigned to a specific packing group as defined in 3.8.1 and may be
determined by referencing 49 CFR 172.101 hazardous materials table.
4.3 Only packaging designs that have been successfully tested
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