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ASTM D8409-21

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Conducting Stacking Tests on UN Packagings Using Guided or Unguided Loads

Standard Guide for Conducting Stacking Tests on UN Packagings Using Guided or Unguided Loads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for performing stack testing on UN packaging designs using either guided or unguided top loads. This guide provides the suggested minimum information that should be documented when conducting stacking test and provides information for recommended equipment.  
4.2 All packaging design types other than bags must be subjected to a stacking test. Packagings subject to the stacking test must be capable of withstanding a superimposed top load of a specified minimum mass for a specified period of time without failure as these parameters are defined in the regulations. The test is not intended to determine the absolute top load capability of a packaging.  
Note 1: When quantification of box compression strength is desired for determining stacking strength or for design purposes use Test Method D642 and conditioning as recommended in 4.5.  
4.3 Design qualification testing procedures are intended, as explicitly stated in the HMR, to be the minimum performance capability levels for packaging manufactured to transport Hazardous Materials under conditions normally incident to transportation.  
4.4 The HMR tests are designed to be gross package capability evaluations that can be performed in a similar manner in all parts of the world, but under circumstances with some variance in test facility capabilities. This is an intentional feature of the test designs and protocols. The focus of HMR testing is not the determination of quantifiable, comparison data to allow for analytical evaluation.  
4.5 It is recommended that facilities performing the HMR tests consult the guidance on conditioning in the relevant ASTM documents for any particular packaging material as applicable. The following conditioning documents, Practices D4332 and D685, are commonly used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized method and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container (IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads in accordance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material Regulations (HMR).  
1.2 The Dangerous Goods Regulations require performance tests to be conducted on packaging designs prior to being authorized for use. The regulations do not include standardized procedures to accomplish this which can result in differences between testing facilities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and to establish a set of common practices for conducting stack testing on packagings undergoing UN certification.  
1.3 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance with 49 CFR as required by 172.700 and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), and carrier rules such as International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Oct-2021
ICS
55.180.10 - General purpose containers
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.22 - Hazardous Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8409-21 - Standard Guide for Conducting Stacking Tests on UN Packagings Using Guided or Unguided LoadsASTM D8409-21 - Standard Guide for Conducting Stacking Tests on UN Packagings Using Guided or Unguided Loads
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ASTM D8409-21 - Standard Guide for Conducting Stacking Tests on UN Packagings Using Guided or Unguided Loads
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8409 − 21
Standard Guide for
Conducting Stacking Tests on UN Packagings Using Guided
1
or Unguided Loads
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8409; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 Thisguideisintendedtoprovideastandardizedmethod
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and a set of basic instructions for conducting stacking tests on
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
United Nations (UN) non-bulk, intermediate bulk container
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(IBC), and Large Packagings. Using guided or unguided loads
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
inaccordancewiththeU.S.DepartmentofTransportationTitle
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the UN Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
mendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (“The
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Orange Book”). The combination or interchange of these
regulations will be referred to as the Hazardous Material
2. Referenced Documents
Regulations (HMR).
2
1.2 The Dangerous Goods Regulations require performance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tests to be conducted on packaging designs prior to being
D642Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance
authorizedforuse.Theregulationsdonotincludestandardized
of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
procedures to accomplish this which can result in differences
D685Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
between testing facilities. The purpose of this document is to
for Testing
provideguidanceandtoestablishasetofcommonpracticesfor
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
conducting stack testing on packagings undergoing UN certi-
ments
fication.
D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
1.3 The user of this guide must be trained in accordance
D4577Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-
with 49 CFR as required by 172.700 and should be familiar
tainer Under Constant Load
with other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as;
D4919Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Danger-
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical
ous Goods) Packagings
InstructionsfortheSafeTransportofDangerousGoodsbyAir,
3
the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG
2.2 ISO Standards:
Code), and carrier rules such as International Air Transport
ISO2234Packaging–Complete,filledtransportpackages–
Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Stacking tests using static load
ISO 16495Packaging – Transport packaging for dangerous
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
goods – Test methods
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand the ASTM website.
3
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Hazardous Materials. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2021. Published December 2021. DOI: Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
10.1520/D8409_D8409M-21. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8409 − 21
4
2.3 Federal Standard: load. The load spreader shall extend to the outside edge of the
U.S. Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regu- perimeter or beyond the perimeter of the test specimen.
lations Title 49, Transportation (49 CFR) Parts 100-185
3.2.7 packagings, n—receptacles and any other components
5
2.4 UN Standard:
or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its con-
UN United Nations Recommendati
...

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SCOPE
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5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
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