ASTM D7454-19

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly dependent upon average particle size and particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A narrow particle size range for this test minimizes the possibility for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining the sample.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2 kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus.  
1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75 mm opening sieve and retained on a 1.18 mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing through a 0.85 mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425 mm opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D6969-23 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples for Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5004-11(2017) - Standard Test Method for Real Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke by Xylene Displacement
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7454 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined
1
Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
density of a representative 2 kg sample of calcined petroleum
3. Terminology
coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-
3.1 Definitions:
automatic apparatus.
3.1.1 as-calcined particles, n—of coke, those particles that
1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles
have not been subject to laboratory crushing.
passing through a 4.75 mm opening sieve and retained on a
3.1.2 bulk density, n—of coke, the ratio of the mass of a
1.18 mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but
collection of particles of a specified particle size range to the
not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing
volume occupied.
through a 0.85 mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425 mm
opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other
3.1.3 laboratory crushed particles, n— of coke, those par-
sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as
ticles of petroleum coke that have been crushed in the
specified in Annex A1.
laboratory.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4.1 Thenatural4.75 mmby1.18 mmfractionoftheoriginal
cokeisseparatedfromthesamplebymanualscreening,ground
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to 0.85 mm by 0.425 mm, and fed at a controlled rate into a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
graduated cylinder on a vibrating table until the coke reaches
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the 50 mL mark. The collected coke is weighed and the bulk
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
density is calculated and reported in g/mL.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 The procedure is empirical; close adherence to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
technique and apparatus is necessary to ensure reproducible
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
results. To provide comparable results in different locations,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
exact adjustments of operating parameters are required using
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
reference samples.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk
Sieves
density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly
dependent upon average particle size and particle size range.
1 Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of narrowparticlesizerangeforthistestminimizesthepossibility
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
screen defining the sample.)
ɛ1
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7454 – 14 . DOI:
10.1520/D7454-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Pan Balance—Accurate to 0.1 g, with a capacity of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 2.0 kg.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7454 − 19
6.2 Riffle Sampler—
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7454 − 14 D7454 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined
1
Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Research Report information was added editorially to the Precision and Bias section in September 2014.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg2 kg sample of calcined petroleum coke,
after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus.
1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75-mm4.75 mm opening sieve and retained on
a 1.18-mm1.18 mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles
passing through a 0.85-mm0.85 mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm0.425 mm opening sieve. This procedure could also
be applied to other sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 as-calcined particles, n—of coke, those particles that have not been subject to laboratory crushing.
3.1.2 bulk density, n—of coke, the ratio of the mass of a collection of particles of a specified particle size range to the volume
occupied.
3.1.3 laboratory crushed particles, n— of coke, those particles of petroleum coke that have been crushed in the laboratory.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The natural 4.754.75 mm by 1.18-mm1.18 mm fraction of the original coke is separated from the sample by manual
screening, ground to 0.850.85 mm by 0.425 mm, 0.425 mm, and fed at a controlled rate into a graduated cylinder on a vibrating
table until the coke reaches the 50-mL50 mL mark. The collected coke is weighed and the bulk density is calculated and reported
in g/mL.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2019. Published May 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
ɛ1
D7454 – 08.D7454 – 14 . DOI: 10.1520/D7454-14E01.10.1520/D7454-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7454 − 19
4.2 The procedure is empirical; close adherence to the technique and apparatus is necessary to ensure reproducible results. To
provide comparable results in different locations, exact adjustments of operating parameters are required using reference samples.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in
pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined
...